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Song C, Ji Y, Wang W, Tao N. Ginger polysaccharide promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell apoptosis by regulating lipid metabolism. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2894-2901. [PMID: 36806265 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which mainly play an immunosuppressive role in tumor microenvironment has become a hot spot in tumor immunotherapy. This study focuses on biological effect of ginger polysaccharide extracted from natural plants on promoting apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating lipid metabolism. An MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of ginger polysaccharide on the growth of an MDSC-like cell line (MSC-2). The apoptosis-promoting effect of ginger polysaccharide on MSC-2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis proteins (caspase 9 and Bcl-2) and lipid metabolism enzymes (fatty acid synthase (FASN) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2) in MSC-2 cells treated with different concentrations of ginger polysaccharide were detected by western blot assay. Nile red staining was used to quantitatively detect the effect of ginger polysaccharide on lipid droplet synthesis. Ginger polysaccharide inhibited proliferation of MSC-2 cells and promoted their apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic caspase 9 protein, downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, inhibiting expression of FASN and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (key enzymes in fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet formation, respectively). Ginger polysaccharide promoted apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating key lipid metabolism enzymes, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation, and reducing the energy supply of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yufei Ji
- Xicheng District Youth Science and Technology centre, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ning Tao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shen Y, Chen L, Guan X, Han X, Bo X, Li S, Sun L, Chen Y, Yue W, Xu H. Tailoring Chemoimmunostimulant Bioscaffolds for Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis after Incomplete Microwave Ablation. ACS Nano 2021; 15:20414-20429. [PMID: 34881574 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microwave ablation has attracted the most attention as a locoregional therapeutic method for solid neoplasms. However, the high incidence of incomplete ablation that could promote the rapid cancer progression still remains a challenge in clinic. Herein, we found that the high invasiveness of residual tumor following incomplete microwave ablation (iMWA) is mainly due to the myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. Accordingly, we develop a biohydrogel scaffold-enabled chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy by targeting myeloid cells with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) inhibitor (IPI549) to synergize with immunostimulatory chemotherapy (Oxaliplatin, OX) for post-ablative cancer therapy. With several tumor mouse models, we reveal that OX&IPI549@Gel-based localized chemoimmunotherapy can substantially suppress the growth of tumor post-iMWA, simultaneously evoke robust systemic anticancer immunity to inhibit metastatic spread, and offer strong long-term immunological memory functions against tumor rechallenge. Besides, this work proposes a potential opportunity for precision medicine by utilizing a mechanism-based rationale to the adoption of our pre-existing arsenal of anticancer immunotherapeutic schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shen
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowan Bo
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyue Li
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yue
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
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单 文, 朱 晓, 齐 杰, 胡 芳, 李 长, 聂 晓. [Mechanism of Xiaowugui decoction for treating collagen-induced arthritis in mice]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2020; 40:1682-1688. [PMID: 33243729 PMCID: PMC7704377 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Xiaowugui decoction (XWGD) decoction in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice. METHODS Healthy male DBA/1 mice were used for CIA modeling. Twenty-five CIA mice with successful modeling and similar arthritis index (AI) scores were randomized equally into model group (CIA), methotrexate (MTX) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose XWGD groups (0.975, 1.95, and 3.9 g/mL, respectively), with another 5 normal mice as the normal control group. The mice in normal control and CIA groups were given saline once a day, those in MTX group were given 0.1 mg/mL MTX once a week, and those in XWGD groups were treated daily via garage of XWGD containing crude drugs of different doses for 28 consecutive days. The AI score and HE staining were used to evaluate the changes in the joints of the CIA mice. The effect of XWGD on Th1, Th17, MDSC, G-MDSC and M-MDSC cells were evaluated with flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment with MTX and different doses of XWGD significantly decreased the AI score of the mice and relieved joint inflammation as compared with the model group (P < 0.05), and a higher dose of XWGD decoction produced a stronger therapeutic effect. Compared with those in CIA model group, the mice in MTX and XWGD treatment groups showed significantly decreased percentages of Th1, Th17 and M-MDSC cells in the spleen and increased percentages of G-MDSC cells (P < 0.01), and these changes were more conspicuous with a higher dose of XWGD. Correlation analysis showed that Th1 and Th17 cells were positively correlated with M-MDSC and negatively correlated with G-MDSC cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS XWGD can improve joint inflammation in CIA mice by increasing the percentages of G-MDSC cells and decreasing the percentages of M-MDSC, Th1 and Th17 cells, and a high dose of XWGD can produce an equivalent therapeutic effect to methotrexate but with better safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文君 单
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓煜 朱
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 杰莹 齐
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 芳 胡
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 长征 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓莉 聂
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zamorina SA, Shardina KY, Timganova VP, Bochkova MS, Nechaev AI, Khramtsov PV, Raev MB. Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Differentiation of Myeloid Suppressor Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:84-7. [PMID: 33222087 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on differentiation of human myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC) in an in vitro system. Separated mononuclear cells of healthy donors were induced with cytokines (IL-6 and GM-CSF) into the MDSC phenotype (both polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC) and monocyte (M-MDSC) subsets of these cells were taken into account). Pegylated GO nanoparticles (GO-PEG; mean size 569±14 nm, PEG content ~20%) were used. GO-PEG in low concentrations (2.5 and 5 μg/ml) increased the percentage of MDSC in cultures, but reduced their content in high concentration (10 μg/ml). After exposure to GO-PEG (2.5 and 5 μg/ml), the MDSC content increased at the expense of M-MDSC, while the level of PMN-MDSC did not change. The decrease in MDSC levels after exposure to high doses of GO-PEG (10 μg/ml) was due to a decrease in PMN-MDSC. Thus, GO-PEG nanoparticles can oppositely regulate differentiation of MDSC by inhibiting or stimulating differentiation of these cells depending on the concentration.
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Hassel JC, Jiang H, Bender C, Winkler J, Sevko A, Shevchenko I, Halama N, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Haefeli WE, Jäger D, Enk A, Utikal J, Umansky V. Tadalafil has biologic activity in human melanoma. Results of a pilot trial with Tadalafil in patients with metastatic Melanoma (TaMe). Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1326440. [PMID: 28932631 PMCID: PMC5599085 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1326440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to play a critical role in the suppression of T cell antitumor responses. Our preclinical data showed that the phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitor sildenafil impaired MDSC functions, enhanced intratumoral T cell activity and prolonged survival of melanoma-bearing mice. In this study, we evaluated biologic effects, safety and efficacy of palliative treatment with the PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil in metastatic melanoma patients. We conducted an open-label, dose de-escalation trial with tadalafil in pretreated metastatic melanoma patients. Tumor and peripheral blood samples were taken before and 4 weeks after the start of treatment. Samples were investigated by immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis, for different immune subsets with numbers of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as primary end point. Stable disease was achieved in 3/12 patients (25%). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 mo (range 0.7–7.1), median overall survival (OS) 8.5 mo (range 2.7–23.7). The treatment was well tolerated. Stable patients displayed significantly higher numbers of CD8+ TIL in the center of metastases before treatment as compared with progressive patients. Upon the therapy, they showed increased expression of ζ-chain (used as a marker of T cell activation) in CD8+ and CD4+TILs and CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood as compared with baseline. Our study suggests that the PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil can improve clinical outcome of advanced melanoma patients by enhancing antitumor immunity and highlights its potential application in combined melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Carolin Bender
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Winkler
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sevko
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Shevchenko
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sica A, Strauss L. Energy metabolism drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation and functions in pathology. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:325-334. [PMID: 28223316 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr1116-476r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with major regulatory functions has been described in cancer and other pathologic conditions and ultimately defined as MDSCs. Most of the early work on the origins and functions of MDSCs has been in murine and human tumor bearers in which MDSCs are known to be immunosuppressive and to result in both reduced immune surveillance and antitumor cytotoxicity. More recent studies, however, suggest that expansion of these immature myeloid cells may be linked to most, if not all, chronic and acute inflammatory processes. The universal expansion to inflammatory stimuli of MDSCs suggests that these cells may be more of a normal component of the inflammatory response (emergency myelopoiesis) than simply a pathologic response to a growing tumor. Instead of an adverse immunosuppressive response, expansion of these immature myeloid cell populations may result from a complex balance between increased immune surveillance and dampened adaptive immune responses that are common to many inflammatory responses. Within this scenario, new pathways of metabolic reprogramming are emerging as drivers of MDSC differentiation and functions in cancer and inflammatory disorders, crucially linking metabolic syndrome to inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy; .,Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent H Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Bruijnzeel PLB, Uddin M, Koenderman L. Targeting neutrophilic inflammation in severe neutrophilic asthma: can we target the disease-relevant neutrophil phenotype? J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:549-56. [PMID: 25977288 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3vmr1214-600rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe, neutrophilic asthma, neutrophils are thought to have an important role in both the maintenance of the disease and during exacerbations. These patients often display excessive, mucosal airway inflammation with unresolving neutrophilia. Because this variant of asthma is poorly controlled by glucocorticoids, specific pharmacologic targeting of neutrophils seems a plausible therapeutic approach. However, most attempts with this approach have failed in the clinic. We propose that this could be attributed, in part, to an incomplete understanding of the emerging new insights underlying neutrophil homeostasis and life span, neutrophil reverse transmigration, neutrophil phenotypes, and neutrophil transdifferentiation in human health and disease. Of clinical relevance, recent translational studies have started to uncover distinct neutrophil subsets in humans, namely mature and hypersegmented phenotypes that have bimodal immunomodulatory functions during an acute inflammatory response. In this review, we will elaborate on some of the novel insights in neutrophil biology and attempt to translate them into potential consequences for pharmacologic intervention of severe neutrophilic asthma. We speculate that the disease-relevant neutrophil phenotype should be targeted selectively without compromising the immunomodulatory functions essential for homeostasis and pulmonary immunity. However, the identity and exact functional role of distinct neutrophil phenotypes in inflammatory diseases of the human airway remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet L B Bruijnzeel
- *Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMED, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mohib Uddin
- *Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMED, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Leo Koenderman
- *Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMED, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Kaimala S, Mohamed YA, Nader N, Issac J, Elkord E, Chouaib S, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, al-Ramadi BK. Salmonella-mediated tumor regression involves targeting of tumor myeloid suppressor cells causing a shift to M1-like phenotype and reduction in suppressive capacity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:587-99. [PMID: 24668365 PMCID: PMC11028470 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of attenuated Salmonella in inhibiting tumor growth has been demonstrated in many therapeutic models, but the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that the anti-tumor capacity of Salmonella depends on a functional MyD88-TLR pathway and is independent of adaptive immune responses. Since myeloid suppressor cells play a critical role in tumor growth, we investigated the consequences of Salmonella treatment on myeloid cell recruitment, phenotypic characteristics, and functional activation in spleen and tumor tissue of B16.F1 melanoma-bearing mice. Salmonella treatment led to increased accumulation of splenic and intratumoral CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells, exhibiting significantly increased expression of various activation markers such as MHC class II, costimulatory molecules, and Sca-1/Ly6A proteins. Gene expression analysis showed that Salmonella treatment induced expression of iNOS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and IFN-γ in the spleen, but down-regulated IL-4 and TGF-β. Within the tumor, expression of iNOS, IFN-γ, and S100A9 was markedly increased, but ARG1, IL-4, TGF-β, and VEGF were inhibited. Functionally, splenic CD11b(+) cells maintained their suppressive capacity following Salmonella treatment, but intratumoral myeloid cells had significantly reduced suppressive capacity. Our findings demonstrate that administration of attenuated Salmonella leads to phenotypic and functional maturation of intratumoral myeloid cells making them less suppressive and hence enhancing the host's anti-tumor immune response. Modalities that inhibit myeloid suppressor cells may be useful adjuncts in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir A. Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nancy Nader
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jincy Issac
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 753, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Triozzi PL, Aldrich W, Achberger S, Ponnazhagan S, Alcazar O, Saunthararajah Y. Differential effects of low-dose decitabine on immune effector and suppressor responses in melanoma-bearing mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1441-50. [PMID: 22310929 PMCID: PMC11028937 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low doses of the demethylating agent decitabine have been shown to enhance the sensitivity of tumors to immune effector cells and molecules through upregulation of tumor antigen presentation and apoptotic pathways. Effects on host immune effector and suppressor responses have not been well characterized. METHODS Mice bearing B16 melanoma were treated with low-dose decitabine, cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), toll-like receptor 9 agonist ODN1826, and/or a viral vectored vaccine targeting the melanoma antigen Trp2. Lymphoid and myeloid effector and suppressor cells were examined both systemically and intratumorally with functional, flow cytometric, and polymerase chain reaction-based assays. RESULTS Enhancement of tumor growth delay was observed when decitabine was applied sequentially but not concurrently with IL-2. In contrast, complete responses and prolonged survival were observed when decitabine was applied with ODN1826 as therapy and with ODN1826 as a Trp2 vaccine adjuvant. Decitabine decreased natural killer and antigen-specific cellular immune responses when administered concurrently with IL-2 and with ODN1826; the Th1-associated transcription factor Tbet also decreased. T regulatory cells were not affected. When applied concurrently with ODN1826, decitabine increased macrophage cytotoxicity, M1 polarization, and dendritic cell activation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reduced. CONCLUSION Low-dose decitabine promotes both anti- and pro-tumor host immune responses to immunotherapeutics in melanoma-bearing mice. Macrophage effector and dendritic cell activation increase, and myeloid suppressor cells decrease. Lymphoid effector responses, however, can be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Triozzi
- Taussig Cancer Institute, R40, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Dilek N, Vuillefroy de Silly R, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: mechanisms of action and recent advances in their role in transplant tolerance. Front Immunol 2012; 3:208. [PMID: 22822406 PMCID: PMC3398399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature hematopoietic precursors known to suppress immune responses in infection, chronic inflammation, cancer, and autoimmunity. In this paper, we review recent findings detailing their mode of action and discuss recent reports that suggest that MDSC are also expanded during transplantation and that modulation of MDSC can participate in preventing graft rejection as well as graft-versus-host disease.
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