1
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Matussek M, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Gogoc S, Fijołek A, Filapek M, Naumczuk B, Data P. Electroactive Dyes Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide with Acetylene Linkers as Promising OLED Materials - the Relationship Between Structure and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302115. [PMID: 37548079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Four A-π-D-π-A type small organic molecules with 1,8-naphthalimide motifs were successfully synthesised. The designed compounds are built of two 1,8-naphthalimide units linked via ethynyl π-linkages with selected functionalised donor motifs i. e. 2,2'-bithiophene, fluorene, phenothiazine and carbazole derivative. The synthesis based on Sonogashira cross-coupling allowed us to obtain the presented dyes with good yields. The resulting symmetrical small molecules' optical, electrochemical and thermal properties were thoroughly investigated, and their potential applicability for the OLED devices was demonstrated. In addition, the relationship between molecular structure and properties was considered by employing experimental and theoretical studies. As a result of using various donor groups, it was possible to achieve efficient electroluminescence in the range from green (DEV4) to orange-red light (DEV3) with a maximum luminance of 3 820 cd/m2 for DEV4. Upon the insertion of an acetylene linker to the designed molecules, the free rotation of D and A fragments, and hence the effective π-electron communication within the entire molecule, is possible, which was confirmed by DFT studies. The obtained dyes are characterised by high thermal stability, reversible oxidation-reduction process, satisfactory optoelectronic properties and good solubility in organic solvents, which is advisable for the application in small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (SM-OLEDs) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Gogoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Fijołek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Naumczuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-543, Łódź, Poland
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2
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Tzeliou CE, Tzeli D. Metallocene-Naphthalimide Derivatives: The Effect of Geometry, DFT Methodology, and Transition Metals on Absorption Spectra. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083565. [PMID: 37110799 PMCID: PMC10146125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, the photophysical properties of metallocene-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-piperazine molecules (1-M2+), as well as their oxidized and protonated derivatives (1-M3+, 1-M2+-H+, and 1-M3+-H+), where M = Fe, Co, and Ni, were studied via DFT and TD-DFT, employing three functionals, i.e., PBE0, TPSSh, and wB97XD. The effect of the substitution of the transition metal M on their oxidation state, and/or the protonation of the molecules, was investigated. The present calculated systems have not been investigated before and, except for the data regarding their photophysical properties, the present study provides important information regarding the effect of geometry and of DFT methodology on absorption spectra. It was found that small differences in geometry, specifically in the geometry of N atoms, reflect significant differences in absorption spectra. The common differences in spectra due to the use of different functionals can be significantly increased when the functionals predict minima even with small geometry differences. For most of the calculated molecules, the main absorption peaks in visible and near-UV areas correspond mainly to charge transfer excitations. The Fe complexes present larger oxidation energies at 5.4 eV, whereas Co and Ni complexes have smaller ones, at about 3.5 eV. There are many intense UV absorption peaks with excitation energies similar to their oxidation energies, showing that the emission from these excited states can be antagonistic to their oxidation. Regarding the use of functionals, the inclusion of dispersion corrections does not affect the geometry, and consequently the absorption spectra, of the present calculated molecular systems. For certain applications, where there is a need for a redox molecular system including metallocene, the oxidation energies could be lowered significantly, to about 40%, with the replacement of the iron with cobalt or nickel. Finally, the present molecular system, using cobalt as the transition metal, has the potential to be used as a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eleftheria Tzeliou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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3
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Türkmen G. Pd catalyzed synthesis of 4‐aryl 1,8‐naphthalimide dyes: Determining photophysical parameters and antimicrobial properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Shang A, Zhao L, Li Z, Cheng Z, Jin H, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang H, Lu P. Rational Design of a Near-infrared Fluorescent Material with High Solid-state Efficiency, Aggregation-induced Emission and Live Cell Imaging Property. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Malarz K, Krystkowska A, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Golba S, Siwy M, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Luminescence and Electrochemical Activity of New Unsymmetrical 3-Imino-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5504. [PMID: 34639899 PMCID: PMC8509721 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 1,8-naphtalimides containing an imine bond at the 3-position of the naphthalene ring was synthesized using 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, and elementary analysis. The impact of the substituent in the imine linkage on the selected properties and bioimaging of the synthesized compounds was studied. They showed a melting temperature in the range of 120-164 °C and underwent thermal decomposition above 280 °C. Based on cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, the electrochemical behavior of 1,8-naphtalimide derivatives was evaluated. The electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes were observed. The compounds were characterized by a low energy band gap (below 2.60 eV). Their photoluminescence activities were investigated in solution considering the solvent effect, in the aggregated and thin film, and a mixture of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) (50:50 wt.%). They demonstrated low emissions due to photoinduced electron transport (PET) occurring in the solution and aggregation, which caused photoluminescence quenching. Some of them exhibited light emission as thin films. They emitted light in the range of 495 to 535 nm, with photoluminescence quantum yield at 4%. Despite the significant overlapping of its absorption range with emission of the PVK:PBD, incomplete Förster energy transfer from the matrix to the luminophore was found. Moreover, its luminescence ability induced by external voltage was tested in the diode with guest-host configuration. The possibility of compound hydrolysis due to the presence of the imine bond was also discussed, which could be of importance in biological studies that evaluate 3-imino-1,8-naphatalimides as imaging tools and fluorescent materials for diagnostic applications and molecular bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Krystkowska
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
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6
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Imran M, Sukhanov AA, Maity P, Elmali A, Zhao J, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Voronkova VK. Chromophore Orientation-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Pyrene-Naphthalimide Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Electron Transfer and Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9244-9259. [PMID: 34355560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effect of mutual orientation of the chromophores in compact electron donor-acceptor dyads on the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), we prepared naphthalimide (NI)-pyrene (Py) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads, in which pyrene acts as an electron donor and NI is an electron acceptor. The connection of the two units is at the 4-C and 3-C positions of the NI unit and the 1-position of the pyrene moiety for dyads NI-Py-1 and NI-Py-2, respectively. A charge transfer absorption band was observed for both dyads in the UV-vis absorption spectra. Upon nanosecond pulsed laser excitation, long-lived triplet states (lifetime is 220 μs) were observed and the triplet state was confined to the pyrene moiety. The ISC efficiency is moderate to high in nonpolar to polar solvents (singlet oxygen quantum yield: ΦΔ = 14-52%). Ultrafast charge separation (ca. 0.81 ps) and charge recombination-induced ISC (∼3.0 ns) were observed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the SOCT-ISC mechanism; interestingly, the observed electron spin polarization pattern of the triplet state is chromophore orientation-dependent; and the population rates of the triplet sublevels of NI-Py-1 (Px:Py:Pz = 0.2:0.8:0) are drastically different from those of NI-Py-2 (Px:Py:Pz = 0:0:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Partha Maity
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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7
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Boonnab S, Chaiwai C, Nalaoh P, Manyum T, Namuangruk S, Chitpakdee C, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Pyrene‐Naphthalimide Derivatives as Emissive Materials for Electroluminescent Devices. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Boonnab
- School of Chemistry Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Chaiyon Chaiwai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Phattananawee Nalaoh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Manyum
- School of Chemistry Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chitpakdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency Klong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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8
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Muhammad S, Lai CH, Al-Sehemi AG, Alshahrani T, Iqbal J, Ayub K. Exploring the twisted molecular configurations for tuning their optical and nonlinear optical response properties: A quantum chemical approach. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 102:107766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Grybauskaitė-Kaminskienė G, Dudkaitė V, Bagdžiūnas G. Photophysical and semiconducting properties of isomeric triphenylimidazole derivatives with a benzophenone moiety. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New isomeric compounds with imidazole and benzophenone moieties were synthesized and their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical and carrier mobilities have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vygailė Dudkaitė
- Group of Supramolecular Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Group of Supramolecular Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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10
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Bagdžiūnas G, Palinauskas D. Poly(9 H-carbazole) as a Organic Semiconductor for Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E104. [PMID: 32842552 PMCID: PMC7560144 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors and conducting polymers are the most promising next-generation conducting materials for electrochemical biosensors as the greener and cheaper alternative for electrodes based on transition metals or their oxides. Therefore, polycarbazole as the organic semiconducting polymer was electrochemically synthesized and deposited on working electrode. Structure and semiconducting properties of polycarbazole have theoretically and experimentally been analyzed and proved. For these electrochemical systems, a maximal sensitivity of 14 μA·cm-2·mM-1, a wide linear range of detection up to 5 mM, and a minimal limit of detection of around 0.2 mM were achieved. Moreover, Michaelis's constant of these sensors depends not only on the enzyme but on the material of electrode and applied potential. The electrocatalytic mechanism and performance of the non- and enzymatic sensors based on this material as a conducting layer have been discussed by estimating pseudocapacitive and faradaic currents and by adding glucose as an analyte at the different applied potentials. In this work, the attention was focused on the electrochemical origin and mechanism involved in the non- and enzymatic oxidation and reduction of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Delianas Palinauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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11
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Masimukku N, Gudeika D, Bezvikonnyi O, Syvorotka I, Keruckiene R, Volyniuk D, Grazulevicius JV. Aryl-substituted acridanes as hosts for TADF-based OLEDs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:989-1000. [PMID: 32509030 PMCID: PMC7237810 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four aryl-substituted acridan derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized as electroactive materials for organic light emitting diodes based on emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence. These compounds possessed relatively high thermal stability with glass-transition temperatures being in the range of 79–97 °C. The compounds showed oxidation bands arising from acridanyl groups in the range of 0.31–038 V. Ionization potentials of the solid films ranged from 5.39 to 5.62 eV. The developed materials were characterized by triplet energies higher than 2.5 eV. The layer of 10-ethyl-9,9-dimethyl-2,7-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-9,10-dihydroacridine demonstrated hole mobilities reaching10−3 cm2/V·s at electric fields higher then ca. 2.5 × 105 V/cm. The selected compounds were used as hosts in electroluminescent devices which demonstrated maximum external quantum efficiencies up to 3.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Masimukku
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Gudeika
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ihor Syvorotka
- Scientific Research Company "Electron-Carat", 202 Stryska Str. 79031, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rasa Keruckiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas V Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Arsenyan P, Petrenko A, Leitonas K, Volyniuk D, Simokaitiene J, Klinavičius T, Skuodis E, Lee JH, Gražulevičius JV. Synthesis and Performance in OLEDs of Selenium-Containing Phosphorescent Emitters with Red Emission Color Deeper Than the Corresponding NTSC Standard. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10174-10183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alla Petrenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karolis Leitonas
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Simokaitiene
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Klinavičius
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eigirdas Skuodis
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jiun-Haw Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juozas Vidas Gražulevičius
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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13
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Vigante B, Leitonas K, Volyniuk D, Andruleviciene V, Simokaitiene J, Ivanova A, Bucinskas A, Grazulevicius JV, Arsenyan P. Synthesis of Linear and V-Shaped Carbazolyl-Substituted Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles Exhibiting Efficient Bipolar Charge Transport and E-Type Fluorescence. Chemistry 2019; 25:3325-3336. [PMID: 30536688 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing all-organic bipolar semiconductors with high charge mobility and efficient E-type fluorescence (so-called TADF) as environmentally friendly light-emitting materials for optoelectronic applications, four noble metals-free dyes with linear and V-shapes were designed using accepting pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile and donating carbazole units. By exploiting a donor-acceptor design strategy and using moieties with different donating and accepting abilities, TADF emitters with a wide variety of molecular weights were synthesized to achieve the optimum combination of charge-transporting and fluorescent properties in one TADF molecule. Depending on molecule structures, different TADF emitters capable of emitting in the range from 453 to 550 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 98 % for the solutions in oxygen-free toluene were obtained. All compounds showed bipolar charge-transport. Hole mobility of 2.8×10-3 cm2 /Vs at 7×105 V cm-1 was observed for the compound containing two di-tert-butyl-substituted carbazole moieties. The compounds were tested in both non-doped and doped organic light-emitting diodes using different hosts. It was shown that the developed TADF emitters are suitable for different color devices with electroluminescence ranging from blue to yellow and with brightness, maximum current and external quantum efficiencies exceeding 10 000 cd m-2 , 15 cd/A, and 7 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karolis Leitonas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Andruleviciene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Simokaitiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Audrius Bucinskas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas V Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
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14
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Shafikov MZ, Daniels R, Pander P, Dias FB, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Dinuclear Design of a Pt(II) Complex Affording Highly Efficient Red Emission: Photophysical Properties and Application in Solution-Processible OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8182-8193. [PMID: 30753060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The light-emitting efficiency of luminescent materials is invariably compromised on moving to the red and near-infrared regions of the spectrum due to the transfer of electronic excited-state energy into vibrations. We describe how this undesirable "energy gap law" can be sidestepped for phosphorescent organometallic emitters through the design of a molecular emitter that incorporates two platinum(II) centers. The dinuclear cyclometallated complex of a substituted 4,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyrimidine emits very brightly in the red region of the spectrum (λmax = 610 nm, Φ = 0.85 in deoxygenated CH2Cl2 at 300 K). The lowest-energy absorption band is extraordinarily intense for a cyclometallated metal complex: at λ = 500 nm, ε = 53 800 M-1 cm-1. The very high efficiency of emission achieved can be traced to an unusually high rate constant for the T1 → S0 phosphorescence process, allowing it to compete effectively with nonradiative vibrational decay. The high radiative rate constant correlates with an unusually large zero-field splitting of the triplet state, which is estimated to be 40 cm-1 by means of variable-temperature time-resolved spectroscopy over the range 1.7 < T < 120 K. The compound has been successfully tested as a red phosphor in an organic light-emitting diode prepared by solution processing. The results highlight a potentially attractive way to develop highly efficient red and NIR-emitting devices through the use of multinuclear complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , Regensburg D-93053 , Germany
- Ural Federal University , Mira 19 , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - Ruth Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , U.K
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15
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BagdŽiūnas G, Ramanavičius A. Towards direct enzyme wiring: a theoretical investigation of charge carrier transfer mechanisms between glucose oxidase and organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2968-2976. [PMID: 30671578 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07233g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a general theoretical and numerical approach based on semiconductor theory, which could be applied to a study of direct enzyme wiring, has been discussed. Marcus-Hush theory was applied to evaluate the potential transfer of charge carriers (holes and electrons) between glucose oxidase (GOx) and organic semiconductors. Two mechanisms of multistep hopping of charge to/from the oxidised/reduced flavin-based moiety through residues of aromatic amino acids located in GOx and long range charge direct tunnelling from the cofactor to the organic semiconductor surface have been proposed and evaluated. It was determined that the hole-hopping mechanism is possible and proceeds at a low ionization potential of the organic semiconductor. The calculations reveal that hopping of electrons is blocked, but direct electron tunnelling between the cofactor and the organic semiconductor is still probable. The most optimal conditions and tunable characteristics of GOx-based biosensors such as the ionization potential, electron affinity of organic semiconductors and distance between the enzyme and surface were estimated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas BagdŽiūnas
- Department of Material Science and Electrical Engineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.
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16
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He C, Li Z, Lei Y, Zou W, Suo B. Unraveling the Emission Mechanism of Radical-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:574-580. [PMID: 30669831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable doublet radical molecules have recently emerged as a promising new type of emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), approaching 100% internal quantum efficiency. However, the detailed emission mechanism of these open-shell emitters remains elusive. Through theoretical model analysis and first-principles calculations, we unraveled the emission mechanism of a typical emitter, (4-N-carbazolyl-2,6-dichlorophenyl)bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM-1Cz). Our study showed that the electroluminescence arises from the first doublet excited state generated by injecting one electron into the singly occupied molecule orbital (SOMO) and one hole into the highest doubly occupied molecule orbital (HDMO). Because of the distinct charge-transfer rates in charge-injection processes, the puzzle of 100% formation ratio of the emissive doublet exciton in experiments is revealed. On the basis of this understanding, we propose simple molecular designs via substitutions that can tune the HDMO-SOMO gap and hence shift the emission wavelength to the region of yellow and green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhuan He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710027 , China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yibo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710027 , China
| | - Wenli Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710027 , China
| | - Bingbing Suo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710027 , China
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17
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Wang Y, Song W, Zhou L, Liang W, Mu H, Huang J, Su J. Two novel phenanthrene-based host materials in red and green organic light-emitting devices with low efficiency roll-off. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03787f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel phenanthrene-based host materials showed significant differences due to the different moieties at the same position of the phenanthrene backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Haichuan Mu
- Department of Physics
- School of Science
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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