1
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Chen L, Zhang S, Duan Y, Song X, Chang M, Feng W, Chen Y. Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1167-1315. [PMID: 38168612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, these biomaterials have been extensively explored for their potential in diverse biomedical applications, considering their remarkable bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, controllable synthesis, etc. However, to expedite the clinical translation and the unexpected utilization of silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials, it is highly desirable to achieve a thorough comprehension of their characteristics and biological effects from an overall perspective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art progress of silicon-composed biomaterials, including their classification, characteristics, fabrication methods, and versatile biomedical applications. Additionally, we highlight the multi-dimensional design of both pure and hybrid silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials and their intrinsic biological effects and interactions with biological systems. Their extensive biomedical applications span from drug delivery and bioimaging to therapeutic interventions and regenerative medicine, showcasing the significance of their rational design and fabrication to meet specific requirements and optimize their theranostic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and potential challenges regarding silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials. By shedding light on these exciting research advances, we aspire to foster further progress in the biomedical field and drive the development of innovative silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials with transformative applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Duan
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Xinran Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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2
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Tsai HY, Robidillo CJT, Matharu GK, O'Connor K, Cheong IT, Ni C, Veinot JGC, Algar WR. Spectrotemporal characterization of photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals and their energy transfer to dyes. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37449921 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are a promising material for applications in bioanalysis and imaging. Compared to other types of semiconductor nanocrystals, the development and characterization of energy transfer (ET) configurations with SiNCs has been far more limited, resulting in an equally limited understanding of this process and its SiNC-specific nuances. Here, we present a systematic and detailed study of ET between SiNCs and dyes. A combination of spectroelectrophoresis and time-gated and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were used to characterize the photophysical properties of ensembles of SiNCs and gain insight into how these properties varied as a function of nanocrystal size. ET between SiNC donors and a series of non-fluorescent Black Hole Quencher (BHQ) dyes and fluorescent sulfo-Cyanine 5.5 dye acceptors was evaluated in terms of spectral properties, wavelength-resolved efficiencies, trends with spectral overlap integral, and differences between two methods of BHQ association with the SiNCs. The overall results were consistent with a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism where the polydispersity of the SiNCs had a significant impact on the observed ET: the choice of wavelength and timing parameters were important, and ensemble measurements represented an average of heterogeneous ET behaviors. Prospective advantages and disadvantages of SiNCs as ET donors are discussed. This study serves as a foundation for the continued and optimized development of ET configurations with SiNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1.
| | - Christopher Jay T Robidillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Manila, P. Faura Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Gunwant K Matharu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Chuyi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1.
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3
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Milliken S, Cui K, Klein BA, Cheong IT, Yu H, Michaelis VK, Veinot JGC. Tailoring B-doped silicon nanocrystal surface chemistry via phosphorus pentachloride - mediated surface alkoxylation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18281-18292. [PMID: 34714905 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Doped silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are promising materials that could find use in a wide variety of applications. Realizing methods to tailor the surface chemistry of these particles offers greater tunability of the material properties as well as broader solvent compatibility. Herein, we report organic-soluble B-doped SiNCs prepared via a thermal processing method followed by phosphorus pentachloride etching induced functionalization with alkoxy ligands of varied chain lengths. This approach provides a scalable route to solution processable B-doped SiNCs and establishes a potential avenue for the functionalization of other doped SiNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Brittney A Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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4
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Kloberg MJ, Yu H, Groß E, Eckmann F, Restle TMF, Fässler TF, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Surface-Anisotropic Janus Silicon Quantum Dots via Masking on 2D Silicon Nanosheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100288. [PMID: 34338353 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-anisotropic nanoparticles represent a new class of materials that shows potential in a variety of applications, including self-assembly, microelectronics, and biology. Here, the first synthesis of surface-anisotropic silicon quantum dots (SiQDs), obtained through masking on 2D silicon nanosheets, is presented. SiQDs are deposited on the 2D substrate, thereby exposing only one side of the QDs, which is functionalized through well-established hydrosilylation procedures. The UV-sensitive masking substrate is removed through UV-irradiation, which simultaneously initiates the hydrosilylation of a second substrate, thereby introducing a second functional group to the other side of the now free-standing SiQDs. This renders surface-anisotropic SiQDs that have two different functional groups on either side of the particle. This method can be used to introduce a variety of functional groups including hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, while the unique optoelectronic properties of the SiQDs remain unaffected. The anisotropic morphology of the QDs is confirmed through the aggregation behavior of amphiphilic Janus SiQDs at the interface of water and hexane. Additionally, anisotropic SiQDs are used to produce the first controlled (sub)monolayer of SiQDs on a gold wafer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Julian Kloberg
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85758, Garching, Germany
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85758, Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Eckmann
- Chair of Experimental Semiconductor Physics II, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tassilo M F Restle
- Chair for Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Chair for Inorganic Chemistry with Focus on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85758, Garching, Germany
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5
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Su Y, Wang C, Hong Z, Sun W. Thermal Disproportionation for the Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals and Their Photoluminescent Properties. Front Chem 2021; 9:721454. [PMID: 34458238 PMCID: PMC8397416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, silicon nanocrystals have received vast attention and have been widely studied owing to not only their advantages including nontoxicity, high availability, and abundance but also their unique luminescent properties distinct from bulk silicon. Among the various synthetic methods of silicon nanocrystals, thermal disproportionation of silicon suboxides (often with H as another major composing element) bears the superiorities of unsophisticated equipment requirements, feasible processing conditions, and precise control of nanocrystals size and structure, which guarantee a bright industrial application prospect. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress of thermal disproportionation chemistry for the synthesis of silicon nanocrystals, with the focus on the effects of temperature, Si/O ratio, and the surface groups on the resulting silicon nanocrystals’ structure and their corresponding photoluminescent properties. Moreover, the paradigmatic application scenarios of the photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals synthesized via this method are showcased or envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Hong
- Lab of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Fluorescent Silicon-based Nanomaterials Imaging Technology in Diseases. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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8
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Fang Z, Chen J, Zhu Y, Hu G, Xin H, Guo K, Li Q, Xie L, Wang L, Shi X, Wang Y, Mao C. High-throughput screening and rational design of biofunctionalized surfaces with optimized biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3757. [PMID: 34145249 PMCID: PMC8213795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are widely used for surface modification to develop improved implants, such as cell adhesion RGD peptide and antimicrobial peptide (AMP). However, it is a daunting challenge to identify an optimized condition with the two peptides showing their intended activities and the parameters for reaching such a condition. Herein, we develop a high-throughput strategy, preparing titanium (Ti) surfaces with a gradient in peptide density by click reaction as a platform, to screen the positions with desired functions. Such positions are corresponding to optimized molecular parameters (peptide densities/ratios) and associated preparation parameters (reaction times/reactant concentrations). These parameters are then extracted to prepare nongradient mono- and dual-peptide functionalized Ti surfaces with desired biocompatibility or/and antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate this strategy could be extended to other materials. Here, we show that the high-throughput versatile strategy holds great promise for rational design and preparation of functional biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Guansong Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqian Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunzhong Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxu Xie
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Higher Education Mega Center, South China University of Technology, Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Robidillo CJT, Veinot JGC. Functional Bio-inorganic Hybrids from Silicon Quantum Dots and Biological Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52251-52270. [PMID: 33155802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles that exhibit photoluminescent properties useful for applications in the field of diagnostics and medicine. Successful implementation of these QDs for bio-imaging and bio/chemical sensing typically involves conjugation to biologically active molecules for recognition and signal generation. Unfortunately, traditional and widely studied QDs are based upon heavy metals and other toxic elements (e.g., Cd- and Pb-based QDs), which precludes their safe use in actual biological systems. Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) offer the same advantages as these heavy-metal-based QDs with the added benefits of nontoxicity and abundance. The preparation of functional bio-inorganic hybrids from SiQDs and biomolecules has lagged significantly compared to their traditional toxic counterparts because of the challenges associated with the synthesis of water-soluble SiQDs and their relative instability in aqueous environments. Advances in SiQD synthesis and surface functionalization, however, have made possible the preparation of functional bio-inorganic hybrids from SiQDs and biological molecules through different bioconjugation reactions. In this contribution, we review the various bioconjugate reactions by which SiQDs have been linked to biomolecules and implemented as platforms for bio-imaging and bio/chemical sensing. We also highlight the challenges that need to be addressed and overcome for these materials to reach their full potential. Lastly, we give prospective applications where this unique class of nontoxic and biocompatible materials can be of great utility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jay T Robidillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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10
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Ye Q, Chen K, Yang X, Xiao K, Shen Y. Facile and moderate immobilization of proteases on SPS nanospheres for the active collagen peptides. Food Chem 2020; 335:127610. [PMID: 32738532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although collagen peptides have been proved to possess wide applications in functional foods, cosmetics, medical materials and pharmaceuticals, the production of collagen peptides are deeply affected by proteases and substrate. In this study, the scalable-synthesis sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) nanospheres were utilized as accessible supports for efficient subtilisin immobilization. Detailed characterizations through SEM-EDS, TEM, TGA and FT-IR confirmed the undamaged formation of the SPS-subtilisin. Owing to the moderate hydrophobic effect and electrostatic interaction, the SPS-subtilisin could achieve 397.15 mg/g enzyme loading and 77.3% activity recovery. The tilapia skin collagen, as a resource-rich raw material, was hydrolyzed by the prepared immobilized subtilisin. The antioxidant activity of the attained peptides was verified. With the mass spectrometry and molecular docking analysis of product peptides sequences, representative peptides were synthesized and their anti-oxidation capacity and mechanism were affirmed, which further verified the undiminished catalytic ability of immobilized subtilisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaocui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaijun Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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11
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Fujii M, Minami A, Sugimoto H. Precise size separation of water-soluble red-to-near-infrared-luminescent silicon quantum dots by gel electrophoresis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9266-9271. [PMID: 32313916 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis, which is a standard method for separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, is applied for the first time to silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) for size separation. In the Si QDs studied, boron (B) and phosphorus (P) are simultaneously doped. Codoping induces a negative potential on the surface of a Si QD and makes it dispersible in water. Si QDs with different B and P concentrations and grown at different temperatures (950 °C-1200 °C) are studied. It is shown that native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can separate codoped Si QDs by size. The capability of gel electrophoresis to immobilize size-separated QDs in a solid matrix makes detailed analyses of size-purified Si QDs possible. For example, the photoluminescence (PL) studies of the dried gel of Si QDs grown at 1100 °C demonstrate that a PL spectrum of a Si QD solution with the PL maximum around 1.4 eV can be separated into more than 15 spectra with the PL maximum changing from 1.2 to 1.8 eV depending on the migration distance. It is found that the relationship between the PL peak energy and the migration distance depends on the growth temperature of Si QDs as well as the B and P concentration. For all the samples with different impurity concentrations and grown at different temperatures, a clear trend is observed in the relationship between the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the peak energy of the PL spectra in a wide energy range. The FWHM increases with the increasing peak energy and it is nearly twice larger than those observed for undoped Si QDs. The large PL FWHM of codoped Si QDs suggests that excitons are further localized in codoped Si QDs due to the existence of charged impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
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12
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Romano F, Angeloni S, Morselli G, Mazzaro R, Morandi V, Shell JR, Cao X, Pogue BW, Ceroni P. Water-soluble silicon nanocrystals as NIR luminescent probes for time-gated biomedical imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7921-7926. [PMID: 32232243 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent probes based on silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) have many advantages for bioimaging compared to more conventional quantum dots: abundancy of silicon combined with its biocompatibility; tunability of the emission color of SiNCs in the red and NIR spectral region to gain deeper tissue penetration; long emission lifetimes of SiNCs (hundreds of μs) enabling time-gated acquisitions to avoid background noise caused by tissue autofluorescence and scattered excitation light. Here we report a new three-step synthesis, based on a low temperature thiol-ene click reaction that can afford SiNCs, colloidally stable in water, with preserved bright red and NIR photoluminescence (band maxima at 735 and 945 nm for nanocrystals with diameters of 4 and 5 nm, respectively) and long emission lifetimes. Their luminescence is insensitive to dioxygen and sensitive to pH changes in the physiological range, enabling pH sensing. In vivo studies demonstrated tumor accumulation, 48 hours clearance and a 3-fold improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio compared to steady-state imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Romano
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Robidillo CJT, Wandelt S, Dalangin R, Zhang L, Yu H, Meldrum A, Campbell RE, Veinot JGC. Ratiometric Detection of Nerve Agents by Coupling Complementary Properties of Silicon-Based Quantum Dots and Green Fluorescent Protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33478-33488. [PMID: 31414591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric photoluminescent detection of the toxicologically potent organophosphate ester nerve agents paraoxon (PX) and parathion (PT) using the complementary optical and chemical properties of the long Stokes shift green fluorescent protein variant, mAmetrine1.2 (mAm), and red-emitting silicon-based quantum dots (SiQDs) is reported. PX and PT selectively quench SiQD photoluminescence (PL) through a dynamic quenching mechanism, thereby, facilitating the development of a ratiometric sensor platform that shows micromolar limits of detection for PX and PT and that is unaffected by the presence of common inorganic and organic interferents. As a part of the present study, we also demonstrate that the paper-based sensors derived from mAm and SiQDs detect PX and PT at concentrations as low as 5 μM using a readily available commercial color analysis smartphone "app". The ratiometric sensor reported herein can potentially be used for the convenient and rapid on-site detection and quantification of PX and PT in real-world samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jay T Robidillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics , University of the Philippines Manila , P. Faura Street , Ermita, Manila 1000 , Philippines
| | - Sophia Wandelt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Munich 81377 , Germany
| | - Rochelin Dalangin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Physics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Alkiviathes Meldrum
- Department of Physics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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