1
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Pastor M, Vayer M, Weinstabl H, Maulide N. Electrochemical Umpolung C-H Functionalization of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:606-612. [PMID: 34962127 PMCID: PMC8749966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
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Herein, we present
a general electrochemical method to access unsymmetrical
3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by direct C–H functionalization
where the oxindole fragment behaves as an electrophile. This Umpolung
approach does not rely on stoichiometric oxidants and proceeds under
mild, environmentally benign conditions. Importantly, it enables the
functionalization of these scaffolds through C–O, and by extension
to C–C or even C–N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pastor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Vayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zhou XY, Chen X. ZnCl2 Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction of Symmetrical Epoxides with Aromatic Amines for the Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.1994289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Xia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
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3
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Fujita S, Imagawa K, Yamaguchi S, Yamasaki J, Yamazoe S, Mizugaki T, Mitsudome T. A nickel phosphide nanoalloy catalyst for the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10673. [PMID: 34021187 PMCID: PMC8140154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transition metal phosphides are well studied as electrocatalysts and hydrotreating catalysts, the application of metal phosphides in organic synthesis is rare, and cooperative catalysis between metal phosphides and supports remains unexplored. Herein, we report that a cerium dioxide-supported nickel phosphide nanoalloy (nano-Ni2P/CeO2) efficiently promoted the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols without any additives through the borrowing hydrogen methodology. Oxindoles were alkylated with various alcohols to provide the corresponding C-3 alkylated oxindoles in high yields. This is the first catalytic system for the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols using a non-precious metal-based heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic activity of nano-Ni2P/CeO2 was comparable to that reported for precious metal-based catalysts. Moreover, nano-Ni2P/CeO2 was easily recoverable and reusable without any significant loss of activity. Control experiments revealed that the Ni2P nanoalloy and the CeO2 support functioned cooperatively, leading to a high catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fujita
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Imagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jun Yamasaki
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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4
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Hall CJJ, Goundry WRF, Donohoe TJ. Hydrogen-Borrowing Alkylation of 1,2-Amino Alcohols in the Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ-Aminobutyric Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6981-6985. [PMID: 33561302 PMCID: PMC8048514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time we have been able to employ enantiopure 1,2-amino alcohols derived from abundant amino acids in C-C bond-forming hydrogen-borrowing alkylation reactions. These reactions are facilitated by the use of the aryl ketone Ph*COMe. Racemisation of the amine stereocentre during alkylation can be prevented by the use of sub-stoichiometric base and protection of the nitrogen with a sterically hindered triphenylmethane (trityl) or benzyl group. The Ph* and trityl groups are readily cleaved in one pot to give γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) products as their HCl salts without further purification. Both steps may be performed in sequence without isolation of the hydrogen-borrowing intermediate, removing the need for column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J J Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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5
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Hydrogen‐Borrowing Alkylation of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols in the Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ‐Aminobutyric Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Bartoccini F, Retini M, Piersanti G. C3-Alkylation of indoles and oxindoles by alcohols by means of borrowing hydrogen methodology. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Jia Z, Hu X, Zhao Y, Qiu FG, Chan ASC, Zhao J. One-Pot Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolidinone Derivatives Bearing a Trifluoromethylated All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter. Org Lett 2019; 21:9584-9588. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Jia
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fayang G. Qiu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junling Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Mandal T, Chakraborti G, Maiti S, Dash J. Domino Grignard Addition and Oxidation for the One-Pot Synthesis of C2-Quaternary 2-Hydroxyindoxyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:8044-8048. [PMID: 31524398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein delineate an unexplored reactivity of 3-hydroxyoxindoles toward Grignard addition enabling a rapid access to a broad range of unnatural C2-quaternary 2-hydroxyindoxyls in high yields. The reaction proceeds via a mechanistically intriguing one-pot 1,2-hydride shift followed by autoxidation pathway. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of a new class of bis-indoxyl spirofuran derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Gargi Chakraborti
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Subhadip Maiti
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
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9
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Dambatta MB, Polidano K, Northey AD, Williams JMJ, Morrill LC. Iron-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen C-Alkylation of Oxindoles with Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2345-2349. [PMID: 30958919 PMCID: PMC6619250 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A general and efficient iron-catalyzed C-alkylation of oxindoles has been developed. This borrowing hydrogen approach employing a (cyclopentadienone)iron carbonyl complex (2 mol %) exhibited a broad reaction scope, allowing benzylic and simple primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols to be employed as alkylating agents. A variety of oxindoles underwent selective mono-C3-alkylation in good-to-excellent isolated yields (28 examples, 50-92 % yield, 79 % average yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak B Dambatta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Kurt Polidano
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander D Northey
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Louis C Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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10
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Amide Activation in Ground and Excited States. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112859. [PMID: 30400217 PMCID: PMC6278462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all amide bonds are created equally. The purpose of the present paper is the reinterpretation of the amide group by means of two concepts: amidicity and carbonylicity. These concepts are meant to provide a new viewpoint in defining the stability and reactivity of amides. With the help of simple quantum-chemical calculations, practicing chemists can easily predict the outcome of a desired process. The main benefit of the concepts is their simplicity. They provide intuitive, but quasi-thermodynamic data, making them a practical rule of thumb for routine use. In the current paper we demonstrate the performance of our methods to describe the chemical character of an amide bond strength and the way of its activation methods. Examples include transamidation, acyl transfer and amide reductions. Also, the method is highly capable for simple interpretation of mechanisms for biological processes, such as protein splicing and drug mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate how these methods can provide information about photo-activation of amides, through the examples of two caged neurotransmitter derivatives.
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11
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Hu X, Zhu H, Sang X, Wang D. Design and Synthesis of Zirconium-Containing Coordination Polymer Based on Unsymmetric Indolyl Dicarboxylic Acid and Catalytic Application on Borrowing Hydrogen Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
- Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering; China Three Gorges University; Yichang, Hubei 443002 People's Republic of China
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12
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Wu Q, Pan L, Du G, Zhang C, Wang D. Preparation of pyridyltriazole ruthenium complexes as effective catalysts for the selective alkylation and one-pot C–H hydroxylation of 2-oxindole with alcohols and mechanism exploration. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyridyltriazole-ligated ruthenium(ii) complexes have been designed and synthesized, which were characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Le Pan
- Chemical Engineering College
- Xinjiang Agricultural University
- Urumqi 830052
- China
| | - Guangming Du
- Chemical Engineering College
- Xinjiang Agricultural University
- Urumqi 830052
- China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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