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Rath T, Marin-Beloqui JM, Bai X, Knall AC, Sigl M, Warchomicka FG, Griesser T, Amenitsch H, Haque SA. Solution-Processable Cu 3BiS 3 Thin Films: Growth Process Insights and Increased Charge Generation Properties by Interface Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41624-41633. [PMID: 37623297 PMCID: PMC10485802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu3BiS3 thin films are fabricated via spin coating of precursor solutions containing copper and bismuth xanthates onto planar glass substrates or mesoporous metal oxide scaffolds followed by annealing at 300 °C to convert the metal xanthates into copper bismuth sulfide. Detailed insights into the film formation are gained from time-resolved simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements. The Cu3BiS3 films show a high absorption coefficient and a band gap of 1.55 eV, which makes them attractive for application in photovoltaic devices. Transient absorption spectroscopic measurements reveal that charge generation yields in mesoporous TiO2/Cu3BiS3 heterojunctions can be significantly improved by the introduction of an In2S3 interlayer, and long-lived charge carriers (t50% of 10 μs) are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rath
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jose M. Marin-Beloqui
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Sigl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fernando G. Warchomicka
- Institute
of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute
of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniveristät
Leoben, Otto Glöckelstrasse
2, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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2
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Eisner F, Foot G, Yan J, Azzouzi M, Georgiadou DG, Sit WY, Firdaus Y, Zhang G, Lin YH, Yip HL, Anthopoulos TD, Nelson J. Emissive Charge-Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non-Radiative Recombination and High-Performance Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104654. [PMID: 34611947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid devices based on a heterojunction between inorganic and organic semiconductors have offered a means to combine the advantages of both classes of materials in optoelectronic devices, but, in practice, the performance of such devices has often been disappointing. Here, it is demonstrated that charge generation in hybrid inorganic-organic heterojunctions consisting of copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) and a variety of molecular acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, Y6, PC70 BM, C70 , C60 ) proceeds via emissive charge-transfer (CT) states analogous to those found at all-organic heterojunctions. Importantly, contrary to what has been observed at previous organic-inorganic heterojunctions, the dissociation of the CT-exciton and subsequent charge separation is efficient, allowing the fabrication of planar photovoltaic devices with very low non-radiative voltage losses (0.21 ± 0.02 V). It is shown that such low non-radiative recombination enables the fabrication of simple and cost-effective near-IR (NIR) detectors with extremely low dark current (4 pA cm-2 ) and noise spectral density (3 fA Hz-1/2 ) at no external bias, leading to specific detectivities at NIR wavelengths of just under 1013 Jones, close to the performance of commercial silicon photodetectors. It is believed that this work demonstrates the possibility for hybrid heterojunctions to exploit the unique properties of both inorganic and organic semiconductors for high-performance opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Eisner
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Georgie Foot
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dimitra G Georgiadou
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Wai Yu Sit
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Solar Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Knall AC, Rabensteiner S, Hoefler SF, Reinfelds M, Hobisch M, Ehmann HMA, Pastukhova N, Pavlica E, Bratina G, Hanzu I, Wen S, Yang R, Trimmel G, Rath T. A pyrrolopyridazinedione-based copolymer for fullerene-free organic solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04573j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the synthesis and thorough characterization of the conjugated polymer T-EHPPD-T-EHBDT, which shows promising performance in polymer/non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Anton Paar GmbH
- 8054 Graz
| | - Samuel Rabensteiner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sebastian Franz Hoefler
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Nadiia Pastukhova
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica
- 5270 Ajdovščina
- Slovenia
| | - Egon Pavlica
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica
- 5270 Ajdovščina
- Slovenia
| | - Gvido Bratina
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica
- 5270 Ajdovščina
- Slovenia
| | - Ilie Hanzu
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Shuguang Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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Vakalopoulou E, Buchmaier C, Pein A, Saf R, Fischer RC, Torvisco A, Warchomicka F, Rath T, Trimmel G. Synthesis and characterization of zinc di( O-2,2-dimethylpentan-3-yl dithiocarbonates) bearing pyridine or tetramethylethylenediamine coligands and investigation of their thermal conversion mechanisms towards nanocrystalline zinc sulfide. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14564-14575. [PMID: 33107536 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal xanthates are versatile single source precursors for the preparation of various metal sulfides. In this study, we present the synthesis of the two novel zinc xanthate complexes bis(O-2,2-dimethylpentan-3-yl-dithiocarbonato)(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)zinc(ii) and bis(O-2,2-dimethylpentan-3-yl-dithiocarbonato)(pyridine)zinc(ii). A thorough investigation of these compounds revealed distinct differences in their structural and thermal properties. While in the complex containing the chelating tetramethylethylenediamine, the xanthate groups coordinate in a monodentate way, they are bidentally coordinated to the zinc atom in the pyridine containing complex. Both compounds show a two-step thermal decomposition with an onset temperature of 151 °C and 156 °C for the tetramethylethylenediamine and pyridine containing complex, respectively. Moreover, different mechanisms are revealed for the two phases of the decomposition based on high resolution mass spectrometry investigations. By the thermal conversion process nanocrystalline zinc sulfide is produced and the coligand significantly influences its primary crystallite size, which is 4.4 nm using the tetramethylethylenediamine and 11.4 nm using the pyridine containing complex for samples prepared at a temperature of 400 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vakalopoulou
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christine Buchmaier
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Pein
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Robert Saf
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fernando Warchomicka
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Burian M, Marmiroli B, Radeticchio A, Morello C, Naumenko D, Biasiol G, Amenitsch H. Picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Elettra SAXS beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:51-59. [PMID: 31868736 PMCID: PMC6927520 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new setup for picosecond pump-probe X-ray scattering at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste is presented. A high-power/high-repetion-rate laser has been installed on-site, delivering UV/VIS/IR femtosecond-pulses in-sync with the storage ring. Data acquisition is achieved by gating a multi-panel detector, capable of discriminating the single X-ray pulse in the dark-gap of the Elettra hybrid filling mode. Specific aspects of laser- and detection-synchronization, on-line beam steering as well protocols for spatial and temporal overlap of laser and X-ray beam are also described. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by studying transient heat-transfer in an In/Al/GaAs superlattice structure and results are confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Radeticchio
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Morello
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM at Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010 Graz, Austria
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