1
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Cossio G, Barbosa R, Korgel B, Yu ET. Massively Scalable Self-Assembly of Nano and Microparticle Monolayers via Aerosol Assisted Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309775. [PMID: 37983639 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
An extremely rapid process for self-assembling well-ordered, nano, and microparticle monolayers via a novel aerosolized method is presented. The novel technique can reach monolayer self-assembly rates as high as 268 cm2 min-1 from a single aerosolizing source and methods to reach faster monolayer self-assembly rates are outlined. A new physical mechanism describing the self-assembly process is presented and new insights enabling high-efficiency nanoparticle monolayer self-assembly are developed. In addition, well-ordered monolayer arrays from particles of various sizes, surface functionality, and materials are fabricated. This new technique enables a 93× increase in monolayer self-assembly rates compared to the current state of the art and has the potential to provide an extremely low-cost option for submicron nanomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cossio
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Raul Barbosa
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Brian Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
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2
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Yang L, Pahlavan AA, Stone HA, Bain CD. Evaporation of alcohol droplets on surfaces in moist air. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302653120. [PMID: 37695912 PMCID: PMC10515150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302653120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplets of alcohol-based formulations are common in applications from sanitizing sprays to printing inks. However, our understanding of the drying dynamics of these droplets on surfaces and the influence of ambient humidity is still very limited. Here, we report the drying dynamics of picoliter droplets of isopropyl alcohol deposited on a surface under controlled humidity. Condensation of water vapor in the ambient environment onto alcohol droplets leads to unexpectedly complex drying behavior. As relative humidity (RH) increases, we observed a variety of phenomena including enhanced spreading, nonmonotonic changes in the drying time, the formation of pancake-like shapes that suppress the coffee-ring effect, and the formation of water-rich films around an alcohol-rich drop. We developed a lubrication model that accounts for the coupling between the flow field within the drop, the shape of the drop, and the vapor concentration field. The model reproduces many of the experimentally observed morphological and dynamic features, revealing the presence of unusually large spatial compositional gradients within the evaporating droplet and surface-tension-gradient-driven flows arising from water condensation/evaporation at the surface of the droplet. One unexpected feature from the simulation is that water can evaporate and condense concurrently in different parts of the drop, providing fundamental insights that simpler models based on average fluxes lack. We further observed rim instabilities at higher RH that are well-described by a model based on the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. Our findings have implications for the testing and use of alcohol-based disinfectant sprays and printing inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, UK
| | - Amir A. Pahlavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Howard A. Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Colin D. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, UK
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3
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Marchioro A, Golbek TW, Chatterley AS, Weidner T, Roke S. A discrepancy of 10 7 in experimental and theoretical density detection limits of aerosol particles by surface nonlinear light scattering. Commun Chem 2023; 6:114. [PMID: 37291207 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Marchioro
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tobias Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Rajaraman PK, Choi J, Babiskin A, Walenga R, Lin CL. Transport and deposition of beclomethasone dipropionate drug aerosols with varying ethanol concentration in severe asthmatic subjects. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122805. [PMID: 36898619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of varying an ethanol co-solvent on the deposition of drug particles in severe asthmatic subjects with distinct airway structures and lung functions using computational fluid dynamics. The subjects were selected from two quantitative computed tomography imaging-based severe asthmatic clusters, differentiated by airway constriction in the left lower lobe. Drug aerosols were assumed to be generated from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The aerosolized droplet sizes were varied by increasing the ethanol co-solvent concentration in the MDI solution. The MDI formulation consists of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a), ethanol, and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Since HFA-134a and ethanol are volatile, both substances evaporate rapidly under ambient conditions and trigger condensation of water vapor, increasing the size of aerosols that are predominantly composed of water and BDP. The average deposition fraction in intra-thoracic airways for severe asthmatic subjects with (or without) airway constriction increased from 37%±12 to 53.2%±9.4 (or from 20.7%± 4.6 to 34.7%±6.6) when the ethanol concentration was increased from 1 to 10%wt/wt. However, when the ethanol concentration was further increased from 10 to 20%wt/wt, the deposition fraction decreased. This indicates the importance of selecting appropriate co-solvent amounts during drug formulation development for the treatment of patients with narrowed airway disease. For severe asthmatic subjects with airway narrowing, the inhaled aerosol may benefit from a low hygroscopic effect by reducing ethanol concentration to penetrate the peripheral region effectively. These results could potentially inform the selection of co-solvent amounts for inhalation therapies in a cluster-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathish K Rajaraman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ross Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ching-Long Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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5
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Akhuemokhan P, Green NA, Haddrell A, Lewis D, Reid JP, Forbes B. How to engineer aerosol particle properties and biopharmaceutical performance of propellant inhalers. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122676. [PMID: 36738807 PMCID: PMC10685293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the environmental compulsion to reformulate pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) using new propellants with lower global warming potential, this study investigated how non-volatile excipients can be used to engineer aerosol particle microphysics and drug release. The dynamics of change in particle size, wetting and physical state were measured for single particles (glycerol/ethanol/beclomethasone dipropionate; BDP) in the aerosol phase at different relative humidity (RH) using an electrodynamic balance. BDP dissolution rates were compared for aerosols from pMDI containing different ratios of BDP:glycerol or BDP:isopropyl myristate (IPM). In 45 % RH, ethanol loss was followed by evaporation of condensed water to generate spherical particles with solid inclusions or compact irregular-shaped solid particles, according to the presence or absence of glycerol. In RH > 95 %, condensed water did not evaporate and BDP formed solid inclusions in water/glycerol or water droplets. Varying the non-volatile component, 0-50 % w/w, in pMDI resulted in a concentration-dependent 4-8-fold reduction in BDP dissolution rate. These findings demonstrate that non-volatile excipients provide a means of engineering aerosol properties and, modifying the rate of drug release from aerosol medicines. We also demonstrated differences between particles formed in vitro in ambient humidity versus higher humidity, more like that encountered during oral inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allen Haddrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David Lewis
- Oz-UK Limited, Corsham, Wiltshire SN13 9BY, UK
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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6
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Multicomponent Droplet Drying Modeling Based on Conservation and Population Balance Equations. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2033-2047. [PMID: 35386014 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a modeling tool to describe drying kinetics and delineate evolving physical and chemical behavior of multicomponent droplets during drying. Conservation equations coupled with population balance equations (PBE) are used to achieve this goal. Modeling results are gauged with single salt-water droplet drying from literature and show congruent trends. This model is then extended to a more complex system: various droplet sizes containing methanol (solvent), Felodipine (active ingredient), and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone as excipient). The FIB-SEM (Focused-Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy) imaging results from spray-dried particles produced with similar formulation and processing conditions are consistent with phase behavior predicted by the model. The results show competing impacts of transport phenomena on the intermittent shell formation process and final particle structure and chemical heterogeneity. Solute diffusion, solvent efflux, and intra-drop flow impact the model system. It is found that shell formation follows a fluctuating profile where the initial precipitation of the dissolved species on the droplet surface is dampened, and nucleated particles become dispersed periodically until the shell becomes strong enough to withstand internal circulations. These internal effects are dependent on droplet size and are pronounced for larger droplets. That is, the particle phase behavior and physical nature are functions of the atomized droplet size. Stemming understating from this study would inform an optimized unit, operating in target design space. This would provide better product quality control and minimize discrepancies observed in process development during the early phase vs. commercial scale.
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7
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Influence of the solvent evaporation rate on the β-Phase content of electrosprayed PVDF particles and films studied by a fast Multi-Overtone QCM. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Kangas J, Zhan L, Liu Y, Natesan H, Khosla K, Bischof J. Ultra-Rapid Laser Calorimetry for the Assessment of Crystallization in Low-Concentration Cryoprotectants. JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER 2022; 144:031207. [PMID: 35833150 PMCID: PMC8823201 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are routinely used to vitrify, attain an amorphous glass state void of crystallization, and thereby cryopreserve biomaterials. Two vital characteristics of a CPA-loaded system are the critical cooling and warming rates (CCR and CWR), the temperature rates needed to achieve and return from a vitrified state, respectively. Due to the toxicity associated with CPAs, it is often desirable to use the lowest concentrations possible, driving up CWR and making it increasingly difficult to measure. This paper describes a novel method for assessing CWR between the 0.4 × 105 and 107 °C/min in microliter CPA-loaded droplet systems with a new ultrarapid laser calorimetric approach. Cooling was achieved by direct quenching in liquid nitrogen, while warming was achieved by the irradiation of plasmonic gold nanoparticle-loaded vitrified droplets by a high-power 1064 nm millisecond pulsed laser. We assume "apparent" vitrification is achieved provided ice is not visually apparent (i.e., opacity) upon imaging with a camera (CCR) during cooling or highspeed camera (CWR) during warming. Using this approach, we were able to investigate CWRs in single CPA systems such as propylene glycol (PG), glycerol, and Trehalose in water, as well as mixtures of glycerol-trehalose-water and propylene glycol-trehalose-water CPA at low concentrations (20-40 wt %). Further, a phenomenological model for determining the CCRs and CWRs of CPAs was developed which allowed for predictions of CCR or CWR of single component CPA and mixtures (within and outside of the regime their constituents were measured in), providing an avenue for optimizing CCR and CWR and perhaps future CPA cocktail discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kangas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
| | - Harishankar Natesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
| | - Kanav Khosla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55408
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9
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Ordoubadi M, Gregson FKA, Wang H, Carrigy NB, Nicholas M, Gracin S, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Reid JP, Finlay WH, Vehring R. Trileucine as a dispersibility enhancer of spray-dried inhalable microparticles. J Control Release 2021; 336:522-536. [PMID: 34229002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of trileucine-containing spray-dried microparticles intended for pulmonary delivery was studied in depth. A single-particle method was employed to study the shell formation characteristics of trileucine in the presence of trehalose as a glass former, and an empirical correlation was proposed to predict the instance of shell formation. A droplet chain instrument was used to produce and collect monodisperse particles to examine morphology and calculate particle density for different levels of trileucine. It was observed that the addition of only 0.5 mg/mL (10% w/w) trileucine to a trehalose system could lower dried particle densities by approximately 1 g/cm3. In addition, a laboratory-scale spray dryer was used to produce batches of trileucine/trehalose powders in the respirable range. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that both components were completely amorphous. Scanning electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were used to study the particle morphologies and surface compositions. For all cases with trileucine, highly rugose particles with trileucine coverages of more than 60% by mass were observed with trileucine feed fractions of as little as 2% w/w. Moreover, it was seen that at lower trileucine content, smaller and larger particles of a polydisperse powder had slightly different surface compositions. The surface activity of trileucine was also modeled via a modified form of the diffusion equation inside an evaporating droplet that took into account initial surface adsorption and eventual surface desorption due to droplet shrinkage. Finally, using the Flory-Huggins theory, it was estimated that at room temperature, liquid-liquid phase separation would start when the trileucine reached an aqueous concentration of about 18 mg/mL. Besides the surface activity of trileucine, this low concentration was assumed to explain the substantial effect of trileucine on the morphology of spray-dried particles due to early phase separation. The methodology proposed in this study can be used in the rational design of trileucine-containing microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ordoubadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas B Carrigy
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Nicholas
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Gracin
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Lechuga-Ballesteros
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Chang YP, Devi Y, Chen CH. Micro-droplet Trapping and Manipulation: Understanding Aerosol Better for a Healthier Environment. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1644-1660. [PMID: 33999498 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical properties and heterogeneous processes of aerosols is key not only to elucidate the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and humans but also to exploit their further applications, especially for a healthier environment. Experiments that allow for spatially control of single aerosol particles and investigations on the fundamental properties and heterogeneous chemistry at the single-particle level have flourished during the last few decades, and significant breakthroughs in recent years promise better control and novel applications aimed at resolving key issues in aerosol science. Here we propose graphene oxide (GO) aerosols as prototype aerosols containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and GO can behave as two-dimensional surfactants which could modify the interfacial properties of aerosols. We describe the techniques of trapping single particles and furthermore the current status of the optical spectroscopy and chemistry of GO. The current applications of these single-particle trapping techniques are summarized and interesting future applications of GO aerosols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yanita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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11
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Legh-Land V, Haddrell AE, Lewis D, Murnane D, Reid JP. Water Uptake by Evaporating pMDI Aerosol Prior to Inhalation Affects Both Regional and Total Deposition in the Respiratory System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070941. [PMID: 34202458 PMCID: PMC8309010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As pulmonary drug deposition is a function of aerosol particle size distribution, it is critical that the dynamics of particle formation and maturation in pMDI sprays in the interim between generation and inhalation are fully understood. This paper presents an approach to measure the evaporative and condensational fluxes of volatile components and water from and to solution pMDI droplets following generation using a novel technique referred to as the Single Particle Electrodynamic Lung (SPEL). In doing so, evaporating aerosol droplets are shown capable of acting as condensation nuclei for water. Indeed, we show that the rapid vaporisation of volatile components from a volatile droplet is directly correlated to the volume of water taken up by condensation. Furthermore, a significant volume of water is shown to condense on droplets of a model pMDI formulation (hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), ethanol and glycerol) during evaporative droplet ageing, displaying a dramatic shift from a core composition of a volatile species to that of predominantly water (non-volatile glycerol remained in this case). This yields a droplet with a water activity of 0.98 at the instance of inhalation. The implications of these results on regional and total pulmonary drug deposition are explored using the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) deposition model, with an integrated semi-analytical treatment of hygroscopic growth. Through this, droplets with water activity of 0.98 upon inhalation are shown to produce markedly different dose deposition profiles to those with lower water activities at the point of inspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Legh-Land
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (V.L.-L.); (D.M.)
| | | | - David Lewis
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Chippenham SN14 0AB, UK;
| | - Darragh Murnane
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (V.L.-L.); (D.M.)
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-331-7388
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12
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Wiegmann J, Beuermann S, Weber AP. Influence of Spray Drying Parameters on the Formation of
β
‐Phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride). CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wiegmann
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Particle Technology Leibnizstraße 19 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Alfred P. Weber
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Particle Technology Leibnizstraße 19 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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13
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Ashraf H, Guo Y, Wang N, Pang S, Zhang YH. Hygroscopicity of Hofmeister Salts and Glycine Aerosols-Salt Specific Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1589-1597. [PMID: 33576639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Hofmeister effect of inorganic ions to precipitate proteins has been used to understand the coagulation phenomenon in colloid and protein science. Herein, for the first time, this effect is studied on the hygroscopicity of aerosols using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The representative Hofmeister salts (MgSO4, KCl, NH4NO3) and amino acid (glycine) with different amino acid/salt molar ratios (ASRs) are mixed and atomized into micrometer-sized particles. For mixed kosmotrope (MgSO4)/glycine and chaotrope (NH4NO3)/glycine with an ASR of 1:1, both ERHs (efflorescence relative humidities) and DRHs (deliquescence relative humidities) are absent. However, for the mixtures of glycine and neutral salt (KCl), no DRH is observed while 66.2 and 61.4% ERH of glycine is detected for mixtures with ASRs of 1:1 and 1:3, respectively, which is similar to pure glycine. For the mixture of NH4NO3/glycine with an ASR of 1:3, ERH and DRH are found to be 15.4 and 32.2% RH, less than that of pure NH4NO3. Further, interactions between glycine-salt and/or water is also studied in the mixtures during hydration and dehydration. Water-mediated ion-glycine interaction is detected based on the two glycine bands merging into one band. Glycine-SO42- interaction is present for glycine/sulfate in all ASRs, while glycine-NO3- interaction is only seen for 1:3 glycine/NH4NO3 mixtures during hydration. This work opens a window to understand the Hofmeister effect on the hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ashraf
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P R China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P R China
| | - Na Wang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P R China
| | - Shufeng Pang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P R China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P R China
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14
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Ordoubadi M, Gregson FKA, Wang H, Nicholas M, Gracin S, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Reid JP, Finlay WH, Vehring R. On the particle formation of leucine in spray drying of inhalable microparticles. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120102. [PMID: 33227375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The particle formation of L-leucine, a dispersibility-enhancing amino acid used in the spray drying of inhalable pharmaceutical aerosols, was extensively studied using three experimental methods, and the results were interpreted with the aid of theory. A comparative-kinetics electrodynamic balance was used to study the shell formation behavior in single evaporating microdroplets containing leucine and trehalose. Different concentration thresholds of solidification and shell formation were determined for trehalose and leucine, which were then used in the particle formation model to predict the properties of spray-dried particles. Furthermore, a droplet chain instrument was used to study the particle morphologies and particle densities that were not accessible in the single particle experiments. Lab-scale spray drying was also used to produce powders typical for actual pharmaceutical applications. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that a glass former, such as trehalose, can inhibit the crystallization of leucine. The surface compositions of these spray-dried powders were analyzed via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The leucine surface coverage in a polydisperse powder was determined to be a function of the particle size or the initial droplet diameter of each respective particle. This observation confirms the important role of leucine crystallization kinetics in its shell-forming capabilities. A critical supersaturation ratio of 3.5 was also calculated for leucine, at which it is assumed to instantaneously nucleate out of solution. This ratio was used as the threshold for the initiation of crystallization. Crystallinity predictions for the leucine-trehalose particles based on this supersaturation ratio were in good agreement with the solid-state characterizations obtained by Raman spectroscopy. This study improves the fundamental understanding of the particle formation process of leucine-containing formulations, which can apply to other crystallizing systems and potentially facilitate the rational design of such formulations with reduced experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ordoubadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Nicholas
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Gracin
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Lechuga-Ballesteros
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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15
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Rovelli G, Jacobs MI, Willis MD, Rapf RJ, Prophet AM, Wilson KR. A critical analysis of electrospray techniques for the determination of accelerated rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in droplets. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13026-13043. [PMID: 34094487 PMCID: PMC8163298 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospray and Electrosonic Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESSI-MS) have been widely used to report evidence that many chemical reactions in micro- and nano-droplets are dramatically accelerated by factors of ∼102 to 106 relative to macroscale bulk solutions. Despite electrospray's relative simplicity to both generate and detect reaction products in charged droplets using mass spectrometry, substantial complexity exists in how the electrospray process itself impacts the interpretation of the mechanism of these observed accelerated rates. ESI and ESSI are both coupled multi-phase processes, in which analytes in small charged droplets are transferred and detected as gas-phase ions with a mass spectrometer. As such, quantitative examination is needed to evaluate the impact of multiple experimental factors on the magnitude and mechanisms of reaction acceleration. These include: (1) evaporative concentration of reactants as a function of droplet size and initial concentration, (2) competition from gas-phase chemistry and reactions on experimental surfaces, (3) differences in ionization efficiency and ion transmission and (4) droplet charge. We examine (1-4) using numerical models, new ESI/ESSI-MS experimental data, and prior literature to assess the limitations of these approaches and the experimental best practices required to robustly interpret acceleration factors in micro- and nano-droplets produced by ESI and ESSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rovelli
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
| | - Michael I Jacobs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley 94720 CA USA
| | - Megan D Willis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
| | - Rebecca J Rapf
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
| | - Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley 94720 CA USA
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 CA USA
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16
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Boel E, Koekoekx R, Dedroog S, Babkin I, Vetrano MR, Clasen C, Van den Mooter G. Unraveling Particle Formation: From Single Droplet Drying to Spray Drying and Electrospraying. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070625. [PMID: 32635464 PMCID: PMC7408114 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray drying and electrospraying are well-established drying processes that already have proven their value in the pharmaceutical field. However, there is currently still a lack of knowledge on the fundamentals of the particle formation process, thereby hampering fast and cost-effective particle engineering. To get a better understanding of how functional particles are formed with respect to process and formulation parameters, it is indispensable to offer a comprehensive overview of critical aspects of the droplet drying and particle formation process. This review therefore closely relates single droplet drying to pharmaceutical applications. Although excellent reviews exist of the different aspects, there is, to the best of our knowledge, no single review that describes all steps that one should consider when trying to engineer a certain type of particle morphology. The findings presented in this article have strengthened the predictive value of single droplet drying for pharmaceutical drying applications like spray drying and electrospraying. Continuous follow-up of the particle formation process in single droplet drying experiments hence allows optimization of manufacturing processes and particle engineering approaches and acceleration of process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Boel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Robin Koekoekx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.K.); (I.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Sien Dedroog
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Iurii Babkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.K.); (I.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Vetrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Christian Clasen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.K.); (I.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-330304
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17
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Gregson FKA, Robinson JF, Miles REH, Royall CP, Reid JP. Drying and Crystallization of Evaporating Sodium Nitrate Aerosol Droplets. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6024-6036. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. K. A. Gregson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - J. F. Robinson
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - R. E. H. Miles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - C. P. Royall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - J. P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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18
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Vaporization and particle formation during drying of multisolvent droplet without and with antisolvent-vapor infusion. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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David G, Parmentier EA, Taurino I, Signorell R. Tracing the composition of single e-cigarette aerosol droplets in situ by laser-trapping and Raman scattering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7929. [PMID: 32404884 PMCID: PMC7220912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The partitioning of components between droplets and the gas phase in e-cigarette aerosols has a significant impact on deposition within the respiratory tract. However, exclusive detection of droplet composition has, so far, been elusive. Consequently, the dynamics of partitioning between droplets and the gas phase remains unknown. Here, we combine optical trapping of single droplets with in situ Raman scattering for destruction-free monitoring of e-cigarette droplet composition with a time resolution of seconds. We find that the initial droplet composition is very close to the composition of the e-liquid. Upon dilution with air, the droplet composition changes exponentially on a time scale of seconds, mainly because of evaporation of propylene glycol. The nicotine content in the droplet is controlled by the pH. Nicotine evaporates from the droplets under basic conditions, but remains in the liquid under acidic conditions. These results are crucial for advancing e-liquid research and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory David
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evelyne A Parmentier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Taurino
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Ozturk T, Erbil HY. Simple Model for Diffusion-Limited Drop Evaporation of Binary Liquids from Physical Properties of the Components: Ethanol-Water Example. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1357-1371. [PMID: 31909624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the evaporation process of drops consisting of binary mixtures, in particular ethanol-water drops, is important in many industries such as ink-jet printing, cooling of microelectronics, and alcohol-added pesticide spray applications. The theory of the diffusion-limited drop evaporation process for pure liquids has been investigated thoroughly, and linear (dV(2/3)/dt) slopes were obtained for most of the cases. However, the evaporation of binary liquid drops was found to be much more complicated than that of the pure liquids due to the change of the composition of the drop by time and there is a need for the development of a new model. The experimental results on the diffusion-limited drop evaporation behavior of ethanol-water binary drops initially containing 25 and 50% ethanol by wt and having a volume of 7 μL were reported on a flat hydrophobic Teflon-FEP substrate under the constant relative humidity of 54% and 25 °C temperature conditions, together with pure liquids. The change of contact angles, heights, and contact radius of the drops by time were monitored with a camera. In a parallel study, the concentration changes in the bulk composition of ethanol-water binary drops of 7 μL (25 and 50% ethanol by wt) by time in the same evaporation conditions were monitored using a refractive index-ethanol concentration calibration curve. Then, the parameters affecting the drop evaporation process, such as total vapor pressures, average diffusion coefficient of binary vapors, average molecular weights, and densities of the liquid drops, were calculated using well-known physical chemistry approaches from the previously published data. These parameters were used to estimate the rate of binary ethanol-water drop evaporation, and it was determined that the proposed model fitted the (dV(2/3)/dt) slopes obtained from experimental data points with lower than 5% error when the surface cooling of the drops was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
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