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Martyka M, Jankowska J. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of a complete photoswitching cycle for a full-size diarylethene system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The competitive mechanism between photoisomerization and excited state intramolecular proton transfer process of 2′-Hydroxychalcone system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Burns KH, Quincy TJ, Elles CG. Excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the sequential two-photon excitation mechanism of a photochromic molecular switch. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234302. [PMID: 36550048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diarylethene molecular switches have a low quantum yield for cycloreversion when excited by a single photon, but react more efficiently following sequential two-photon excitation. The increase in reaction efficiency depends on both the relative time delay and the wavelength of the second photon. This paper examines the wavelength-dependent mechanism for sequential excitation using excited-state resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe the ultrafast (sub-30 fs) dynamics on the upper electronic state following secondary excitation. The approach uses femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) to measure the time-gated, excited-state resonance Raman spectrum in resonance with two different excited-state absorption bands. The relative intensities of the Raman bands reveal the initial dynamics in the higher-lying states, Sn, by providing information on the relative gradients of the potential energy surfaces that are accessed via secondary excitation. The excited-state resonance Raman spectra reveal specific modes that become enhanced depending on the Raman excitation wavelength, 750 or 400 nm. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 750 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as vibrational motions localized on the central cyclohexadiene ring. Many of the modes that become enhanced in the 400 nm FSRS spectrum are assigned as motions along the conjugated backbone and peripheral phenyl rings. These observations are consistent with earlier measurements that showed higher efficiency following secondary excitation into the lower excited-state absorption band and illustrate a powerful new way to probe the ultrafast dynamics of higher-lying excited states immediately following sequential two-photon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Timothy J Quincy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Burns KH, Elles CG. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Molecular Switch from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy: Comparing Visible and UV Excitation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5932-5939. [PMID: 36026439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the ultrafast dynamics of a diarylethene (DAE) molecular switch following excitation into the first two optical absorption bands. Mode-specific resonance enhancements for Raman excitation at visible (750-560 nm) and near-UV (420-390 nm) wavelengths compared with the calculated and experimental off-resonance Raman spectrum at 785 nm reveal different Franck-Condon active vibrations for the two electronically excited states. The resonance enhancements at visible wavelengths are consistent with initial motion on the first excited-state that promotes the cycloreversion reaction, whereas the enhancements for excitation at near-UV wavelengths highlight motions involving conjugated backbone and phenyl ring stretching modes that are orthogonal to the reaction coordinate. The results support a mechanism involving rapid internal conversion from the higher-lying state followed by cycloreversion on the first excited state. These observations provide new information about the reactivity of DAE derivatives following excitation in the visible and near-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Salazar E, Reinink S, Faraji S. Providing theoretical insight into the role of symmetry in the photoisomerization mechanism of a non-symmetric dithienylethene photoswitch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11592-11602. [PMID: 35531648 PMCID: PMC9116444 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dithienylethene (DTE) molecular photoswitches have shown to be excellent candidates in the design of efficient optoelectronic devices, due to their high photoisomerization quantum yield (QY), for which symmetry is suggested to play a crucial role. Here, we present a theoretical study on the photochemistry of a non-symmetric dithienylethene photoswitch, with a special emphasis on the effect of asymmetric substitution on the photocyclization and photoreversion mechanisms. We used the Spin-Flip Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (SF-TDDFT) method to locate and characterize the main structures (conical intersections and minima) of the ground state and the first two excited states, S1 and S2, along the ring-opening/closure reaction coordinate of the photocyclization and photoreversion processes, and to identify the important coordinates governing the radiationless decay pathways. Our results suggest that while the main features that characterize the photoisomerization of symmetric DTEs are also present for the photoisomerization of the non-symmetric DTE, the lower energy barrier on S1 along the cycloreversion reaction speaks in favor of a more efficient and therefore a higher cycloreversion QY for the non-symmetric DTEs, making them a better candidate for molecular optoelectronic devices than their symmetric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Salazar
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Reinink
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
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Madea D, Mujawar T, Dvořák A, Pospíšilová K, Muchová L, Čubáková P, Kloz M, Švenda J, Vítek L, Klán P. Photochemistry of ( Z)-Isovinylneoxanthobilirubic Acid Methyl Ester, a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit: Femtosecond Transient Absorption and Stimulated Raman Emission Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3089-3103. [PMID: 35130431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is an essential metabolite formed by the catabolism of heme. Phototherapy with blue-green light can be applied to reduce high concentrations of BR in blood and is used especially in the neonatal period. In this work, we studied the photochemistry of (Z)-isovinylneoxanthobilirubic acid methyl ester, a dipyrrinone subunit of BR, by steady-state absorption, femtosecond transient absorption, and stimulated Raman spectroscopies. Both the (Z)- and (E)-configurational isomers of isovinylneoxanthobilirubic acid undergo wavelength-dependent and reversible photoisomerization. The isomerization from the excited singlet state is ultrafast (the lifetimes of (Z)- and (E)-isomers were found to be ∼0.9 and 0.1 ps, respectively), and its efficiencies increase with increased photon energy. In addition, we studied sensitized photooxidation of the dipyrrinone subunit by singlet oxygen that leads to the formation of propentdyopents. Biological activities of these compounds, namely, effects on the superoxide production, lipoperoxidation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, were also studied. Finally, different photochemical and biological properties of this BR subunit and its structural analogue, (Z)-vinylneoxanthobilirubic acid methyl ester, studied before, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pospíšilová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Čubáková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, ELI Beamlines, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská, 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská, 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Jankowska J, Martyka M, Michalski M. Photo-cycloreversion mechanism in diarylethenes revisited: A multireference quantum-chemical study at the ODM2/MRCI level. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204305. [PMID: 34241185 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable diarylethenes (DAEs), over years of intense fundamental and applied research, have been established among the most commonly chosen molecular photoswitches, often employed as controlling units in molecular devices and smart materials. At the same time, providing reliable explanation for their photophysical behavior, especially the mechanism of the photo-cycloreversion transformation, turned out to be a highly challenging task. Herein, we investigate this mechanism in detail by means of multireference semi-empirical quantum chemistry calculations, allowing, for the first time, for a balanced treatment of the static and dynamic correlation effects, both playing a crucial role in DAE photochemistry. In the course of our study, we find the second singlet excited state of double electronic-excitation character to be the key to understanding the nature of the photo-cycloreversion transformation in DAE molecular photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Martyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Sotome H, Okajima H, Nagasaka T, Tachii Y, Sakamoto A, Kobatake S, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Geometrical Evolution and Formation of the Photoproduct in the Cycloreversion Reaction of a Diarylethene Derivative Probed by Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1524-1530. [PMID: 32489017 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical evolution of the reactant and formation of the photoproduct in the cycloreversion reaction of a diarylethene derivative were probed using time-resolved absorption spectroscopies in the visible to near-infrared and mid-infrared regions. The time-domain vibrational data in the visible region show that the initially formed Franck-Condon state is geometrically relaxed into the minimum in the excited state potential energy surface, concomitantly with the low-frequency coherent vibrations. Theoretical calculations indicate that the nuclear displacement in this coherent vibration is nearly parallel to that in the geometrical relaxation. Time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy directly detected the formation of the open-ring isomer with the same time constant as the decrease of the closed-ring isomer in the excited state minimum. This observation reveals that no detectable intermediate, in which the population is accumulated, is present between the excited closed-ring isomer and the open-ring isomer in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Tachii
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and, Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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