1
|
Silva J, Spiess R, Marchesi A, Flitsch SL, Gough JE, Webb SJ. Enzymatic elaboration of oxime-linked glycoconjugates in solution and on liposomes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5016-5027. [PMID: 35723603 PMCID: PMC9258907 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxime formation is a convenient one-step method for ligating reducing sugars to surfaces, producing a mixture of closed ring α- and β-anomers along with open-chain (E)- and (Z)-isomers. Here we show that despite existing as a mixture of isomers, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) oximes can still be substrates for β(1,4)-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT1). β4GalT1 catalysed the galactosylation of GlcNAc oximes by a galactose donor (UDP-Gal) both in solution and in situ on the surface of liposomes, with conversions up to 60% in solution and ca. 15–20% at the liposome surface. It is proposed that the β-anomer is consumed preferentially but long reaction times allow this isomer to be replenished by equilibration from the remaining isomers. Adding further enzymes gave more complex oligosaccharides, with a combination of α-1,3-fucosyltransferase, β4GalT1 and the corresponding sugar donors providing Lewis X coated liposomes. However, sialylation using T. cruzi trans-sialidase and sialyllactose provided only very small amounts of sialyl Lewis X (sLex) capped lipid. These observations show that combining oxime formation with enzymatic elaboration will be a useful method for the high-throughput surface modification of drug delivery vehicles, such as liposomes, with cell-targeting oligosaccharides. Despite existing as a mixture of isomers, reducing sugar oximes can still be substrates for glycosyltransferases.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Reynard Spiess
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrea Marchesi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Julie E Gough
- Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang X, Hao C, Zhang H, Wu X, Xu L, Sun M, Xu C, Kuang H. Dual-Modal Fe xCu ySe and Upconversion Nanoparticle Assemblies for Intracellular MicroRNA-21 Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:41405-41413. [PMID: 32191832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ quantification and imaging of low-level intracellular microRNAs (miRs) are important areas in biosensor research. Herein, DNA-driven FexCuySe@upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core@satellite nanostructures were developed to probe microRNA-21 (miR-21). FexCuySe@UCNP probes displayed dual signals: upconversion luminescence (UCL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the presence of miR-21, the luminescence signal was restored and the T2 value was significantly increased because of dissociation of UCNPs from the assemblies. There was a good linear relationship between the dual signals and the expression levels of miR-21 in the range of 0.035-31.824 amol/ngRNA. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0058 amol/ngRNA for the luminescence intensity and 0.0182 amol/ngRNA for the MRI signal. This method opens a new avenue for intracellular miR-21 detection with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Martins PM, Lima AC, Ribeiro S, Lanceros-Mendez S, Martins P. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From the Soul of the Earth to the Deep History of Ourselves. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:5839-5870. [PMID: 35006927 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Precisely engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely explored for applications including theragnostic platforms, drug delivery systems, biomaterial/device coatings, tissue engineering scaffolds, performance-enhanced therapeutic alternatives, and even in SARS-CoV-2 detection strips. Such popularity is due to their unique, challenging, and tailorable physicochemical/magnetic properties. Given the wide biomedical-related potential applications of MNPs, significant achievements have been reached and published (exponentially) in the last five years, both in synthesis and application tailoring. Within this review, and in addition to essential works in this field, we have focused on the latest representative reports regarding the biomedical use of MNPs including characteristics related to their oriented synthesis, tailored geometry, and designed multibiofunctionality. Further, actual trends, needs, and limitations of magnetic-based nanostructures for biomedical applications will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,IB-S - Institute for Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana C Lima
- Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sylvie Ribeiro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- 3BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials and Applications, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Pedro Martins
- IB-S - Institute for Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,Centre/Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) or more specifically β-d-galactopyranosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine is a unique acyl-amino sugar and a key structural unit in human milk oligosaccharides, an antigen component of many glycoproteins, and an antiviral active component for the development of effective drugs against viruses. LacNAc is useful itself and as a basic building block for producing various bioactive oligosaccharides, notably because this synthesis may be used to add value to dairy lactose. Despite a significant amount of information in the literature on the benefits, structures, and types of different LacNAc-derived oligosaccharides, knowledge about their effective synthesis for large-scale production is still in its infancy. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of existing production strategies for LacNAc and important LacNAc-based structures, including sialylated LacNAc as well as poly- and oligo-LacNAc. We conclude that direct extraction from milk is too complex, while chemical synthesis is also impractical at an industrial scale. Microbial routes have application when multiple step reactions are needed, but the major route to large-scale biochemical production will likely lie with enzymatic routes, particularly those using β-galactosidases (for LacNAc synthesis), sialidases (for sialylated LacNAc synthesis), and β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (for oligo-LacNAc synthesis). Glycosyltransferases, especially for the biosynthesis of extended complex LacNAc structures, could also play a major role in the future. In these cases, immobilization of the enzyme can increase stability and reduce cost. Processing parameters, such as substrate concentration and purity, acceptor/donor ratio, water activity, and temperature, can affect product selectivity and yield. More work is needed to optimize these reaction parameters and in the development of robust, thermally stable enzymes to facilitate commercial production of these important bioactive substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Karimi Alavijeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S L Gras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S E Kentish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Composite materials are made from two or more constituent materials with distinct physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics which are at least to some degree different from its individual components. Nanocomposite materials are composed of different materials of which at least one has nanoscale dimensions. Common types of nanocomposites consist of a combination of two different elements, with a nanoparticle that is linked to, or surrounded by, another organic or inorganic material, for example in a core-shell or heterostructure configuration. A general family of nanoparticle composites concerns the coating of a nanoscale material by a polymer, SiO2 or carbon. Other materials, such as graphene or graphene oxide (GO), are used as supports forming composites when nanoscale materials are deposited onto them. In this Review we focus on magnetic nanocomposites, describing their synthetic methods, physical properties and applications. Several types of nanocomposites are presented, according to their composition, morphology or surface functionalization. Their applications are largely due to the synergistic effects that appear thanks to the co-existence of two different materials and to their interface, resulting in properties often better than those of their single-phase components. Applications discussed concern magnetically separable catalysts, water treatment, diagnostics-sensing and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics GroupDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Athanasia Kostopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH)100 Nikolaou PlastiraHeraklionCrete70013Greece
| | - Alec P. LaGrow
- International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga4715‐330Portugal
| |
Collapse
|