1
|
Ward-O’Brien B, McNaughter PD, Cai R, Chattopadhyay A, Flitcroft JM, Smith CT, Binks DJ, Skelton JM, Haigh SJ, Lewis DJ. Quantum Confined High-Entropy Lanthanide Oxysulfide Colloidal Nanocrystals. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8045-8051. [PMID: 36194549 PMCID: PMC9614967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized the first reported example of quantum confined high-entropy (HE) nanoparticles, using the lanthanide oxysulfide, Ln2SO2, system as the host phase for an equimolar mixture of Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, and Er. A uniform HE phase was achieved via the simultaneous thermolysis of a mixture of lanthanide dithiocarbamate precursors in solution. This was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping confirming the uniform distribution of the lanthanides throughout the particles. The nanoparticle dispersion displayed a significant blue shift in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra relative to our previously reported bulk sample with the same composition, with an absorption edge at 330 nm and a λmax at 410 nm compared to the absorption edge at 500 nm and a λmax at 450 nm in the bulk, which is indicative of quantum confinement. We support this postulate with experimental and theoretical analysis of the bandgap energy as a function of strain and surface effects (ligand binding) as well as calculation of the exciton Bohr radiii of the end member compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Ward-O’Brien
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Paul D. McNaughter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Amrita Chattopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Joseph M. Flitcroft
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Charles T. Smith
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Binks
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Lewis
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Madhusudanan SP, Balamoorthy E, M. SK, Manivasagam TG, Batabyal SK. Alloyed Cu2Fe1-xBaxSnS4 for photoelectrochemical applications: band gap tailoring and structural transition. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Yuskovets VN, Anan’eva EP, Trukhanova YA, Chernov NM, Yakovlev IP, Ksenofontova GV. One-Pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of O-Alkyl Hydrazinecarbothioates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222080035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Buckingham MA, Norton K, McNaughter PD, Whitehead G, Vitorica-Yrezabal I, Alam F, Laws K, Lewis DJ. Investigating the Effect of Steric Hindrance within CdS Single-Source Precursors on the Material Properties of AACVD and Spin-Coat-Deposited CdS Thin Films. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8206-8216. [PMID: 35583220 PMCID: PMC9157504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cadmium sulfide (CdS)
is an important semiconductor for electronic
and photovoltaic applications, particularly when utilized as a thin
film for window layers in CdTe solar cells. Deposition of thin-film
CdS through the decomposition of single-source precursors is an attractive
approach due to the facile, low-temperature, and rapid nature of this
approach. Tailoring the precursor to affect the decomposition properties
is commonly employed to tune desirable temperatures of decomposition.
However, altering the precursor structure and the effect this has
on the nature of the deposited material is an area far less commonly
investigated. Here, we seek to investigate this by altering the ligands
around the Cd metal center to increase the steric hindrance of the
precursor and investigate the effect this has on the decomposition
properties and the properties of deposited thin-film CdS from these
precursors. For this, we report the synthesis of four CdS precursors
with xanthate and pyridyl ligands ([Cd(n-ethyl xanthate)2(3-methyl pyridine)2] [1], [Cd(n-ethyl xanthate)2(3,5-lutidine)2] [2], [(Cd2(isopropyl xanthate)4(3-methyl
pyridine)2)n] [3], and [Cd(isopropyl xanthate)2(3,5-lutidine)2] [4]). These single-source precursors for CdS were
fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal
X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found
that even with subtle alterations in the xanthate (n-ethyl to isopropyl) and pyridine (3-methyl and 3,5-dimethyl) ligands,
a range of hexa-coordinate precursors were formed (two with cis configuration, one with trans configuration, and one
as a one-dimensional (1D) polymer). These four precursors were then
used in aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) and spin-coating
experiments to deposit eight thin films of CdS, which were characterized
by Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron
microscopy. Comparative quantitative information concerning film thickness
and surface roughness was also determined by atomic force microscopy.
Finally, the optical properties of all thin films were characterized
by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy,
from which the band gap of each deposited film was determined to be
commensurate with that of bulk CdS (ca. 2.4 eV). Four single-source CdS precursors were
synthesized based
on a combination of xanthate- and pyridyl-derived ligands to investigate
increasing the steric hindrance of the precursor. Two cis, one trans, and one 1D polymer complexes were developed.
These precursors were then deposited as thin films through both spin
coating and aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition techniques,
and the morphology, film thickness, film surface roughness, particle
size distribution, and band gap energy were assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Buckingham
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kane Norton
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Paul D McNaughter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - George Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Firoz Alam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Kristine Laws
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - David J Lewis
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abbas A, Li K, Guo X, Wu A, Ali F, Attique S, Ahmad AU. Solvothermal synthesis of 3D hierarchical Cu 2FeSnS 4 microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Environ Res 2022; 205:112539. [PMID: 34896322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) microspheres via solvothermal method and studied their photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of organic pollutants. With increasing solvothermal temperature from 160 °C to 180 °C, the morphology of CFTS changes from irregular 2D to hierarchical 3D shapes. Hierarchical 3D CFTS microspheres packed with 2D nanosheets were successfully prepared at 180 °C. During the solvothermal process, octadecyl amine (ODA) acts as a capping agent to prevent the aggregation of particles, while L-cystine functions as an environmentally friendly sulfur source and complexing reagent. The large surface area and mesoporous structure of the as-prepared 3D hierarchical CFTS microspheres provide more active sites, enhance visible light absorption and promote charge separation and transfer, leading to the improved photodegradation performance for RhB and MB compared to the samples prepared at the temperature lower than 180 °C. This work provides a simple and low-cost method for the synthesis of 3D hierarchical CFTS towards photocatalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akmal Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Keyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Faizan Ali
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; School of Information & Intelligence Engineering, University of Sanya, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Sanam Attique
- Institute for Composites Science and Innovation (InCS), School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Aqrab Ul Ahmad
- School of Physics and School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ward-O'Brien B, Pickering EJ, Ahumada-Lazo R, Smith C, Zhong XL, Aboura Y, Alam F, Binks DJ, Burnett TL, Lewis DJ. Synthesis of High Entropy Lanthanide Oxysulfides via the Thermolysis of a Molecular Precursor Cocktail. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21560-21566. [PMID: 34923815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High entropy (HE) materials have received significant attention in recent years, due to their intrinsically high levels of configurational entropy. While there has been significant work exploring HE alloys and oxides, new families of HE materials are still being revealed. In this work we present the synthesis of a novel family of HE materials based on lanthanide oxysulfides. Here, we implement lanthanide dithiocarbamates as versatile precursors that can be mixed at the molecular scale prior to thermolysis in order to produce the high entropy oxysulfide. The target of our synthesis is the HE Ln2SO2 phase, where Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er and where Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy for 5 and 4 lanthanide samples, respectively. We confirmed the structure of samples produced by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopy shows a broad emission feature centered around 450 nm as well as a peak in absorption at around 280 nm. From this data we calculate the band gap and Urbach energies of the materials produced.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alanazi A, McNaughter PD, Alam F, Vitorica-yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Tuna F, O’Brien P, Collison D, Lewis DJ. Structural Investigations of α-MnS Nanocrystals and Thin Films Synthesized from Manganese(II) Xanthates by Hot Injection, Solvent-Less Thermolysis, and Doctor Blade Routes. ACS Omega 2021; 6:27716-27725. [PMID: 34722972 PMCID: PMC8552351 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Manganese(II) xanthate complexes of the form [Mn(S2COR)2(TMEDA)], where TMEDA = tetramethylethylenediamine and R = methyl (1), ethyl (2), n-propyl (3), n-butyl (4), n-pentyl (5), n-hexyl (6), and n-octyl (7), have been synthesized and structures elucidated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1-7 were used as molecular precursors to synthesize manganese sulfide (MnS). Olelyamine-capped nanocrystals have been produced via hot injection, while the doctor blading followed by thermolysis yielded thick films. Free-standing polycrystalline powders of MnS are produced by direct thermolysis of precursor powders. All thermolysis techniques produced cubic MnS, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements reveal that the α-MnS nanocrystals exhibit ferromagnetic behavior with a large coercive field strength (e.g., 0.723 kOe for 6.8 nm nanocrystals).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz
M. Alanazi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Paul D. McNaughter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Firoz Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Paul O’Brien
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David Collison
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Lewis
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Quaternary metal chalcogenides have attracted attention as candidates for absorber materials for inexpensive and sustainable solar energy generation. One of these materials, bournonite (orthorhombic CuPbSbS3), has attracted much interest of late for its properties commensurate with photovoltaic energy conversion. This paper outlines the synthesis of bournonite for the first time by a discrete molecular precursor strategy. The metal dithiocarbamate complexes bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)copper (II) (Cu(S2CNEt2)2, (1)), bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)lead (II) (Pb(S2CNEt2)2, (2)), and bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)antimony (III) (Sb(S2CNEt2)3, (3)) were prepared, characterized, and employed as molecular precursors for the synthesis of bournonite powders and the thin film by solvent-less pyrolysis and spray-coat-pyrolysis techniques, respectively. The polycrystalline powders and thin films were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), which could be indexed to orthorhombic CuPbSbS3. The morphology of the powder at the microscale was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to elucidate an approximately 1:1:1:3 Cu/Pb/Sb/S elemental ratio. An optical band gap energy of 1.55 eV was estimated from a Tauc plot, which is close to the theoretical value of 1.41 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser
T. Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Firoz Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Khaled Parvez
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Mohamed Missous
- School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Lewis
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kazakov GG, Druzhkov NO, Baranov EV, Piskunov AV, Cherkasov VK. The reactivity of N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes based on 9,10-phenanthrendiimines towards metal carbonyls and sulfur. J Organomet Chem 2021; 946-947:121887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
10
|
Alharbi YT, Alam F, Salhi A, Missous M, Lewis DJ. Direct synthesis of nanostructured silver antimony sulfide powders from metal xanthate precursors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3053. [PMID: 33542323 PMCID: PMC7862388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver(I) ethylxanthate [AgS2COEt] (1) and antimony(III) ethylxanthate [Sb(S2COEt)3] (2) have been synthesised, characterised and used as precursors for the preparation of AgSbS2 powders and thin films using a solvent-free melt method and spin coating technique, respectively. The as-synthesized AgSbS2 powders were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The crystalline AgSbS2 powder was investigated using XRD, which shows that AgSbS2 has cuboargyrite as the dominant phase, which was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. SEM was also used to study the morphology of the resulting material which is potentially nanostructured. EDX spectra gives a clear indication of the presence of silver (Ag), antimony (Sb) and sulfur (S) in material, suggesting that decomposition is clean and produces high quality AgSbS2 crystalline powder, which is consistent with the XRD and Raman data. Electronic properties of AgSbS2 thin films deposited by spin coating show a p-type conductivity with measured carrier mobility of 81 cm2 V-1 s-1 and carrier concentration of 1.9 × 1015 cm-3. The findings of this study reveal a new bottom-up route to these compounds, which have potential application as absorber layers in solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser T Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Firoz Alam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Abdelmajid Salhi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mohamed Missous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Lewis
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arsenyeva KV, Ershova IV, Chegerev MG, Cherkasov AV, Aysin RR, Lalov AV, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Reactivity of O,N-heterocyclic germylene and stannylene towards μ-dithio-bis(tricarbonyliron). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Hausmann JN, Heppke EM, Beltrán‐Suito R, Schmidt J, Mühlbauer M, Lerch M, Menezes PW, Driess M. Stannites – A New Promising Class of Durable Electrocatalysts for Efficient Water Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Niklas Hausmann
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Eva M. Heppke
- Department of Chemistry: Solid State ChemistryTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Rodrigo Beltrán‐Suito
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry: Functional MaterialsTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Mühlbauer
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Martin Lerch
- Department of Chemistry: Solid State ChemistryTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|