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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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2
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Nie F, Yan D. Photo-Controllable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence: State of the Art. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303611. [PMID: 38072832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this concept, we showcase the upsurge in the studies of dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials containing inorganic and/or organic components as versatile photo-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of photo-controllable RTP, and meanwhile delve into the underlying RTP properties of various classes of photochromic materials including metal-organic complexes, organic-inorganic co-crystals, purely organic small molecules and organic polymers. In particular, the design principles governing the integration of the photochromic and RTP moieties within a single material system, and the tuning of dynamic RTP in response to light are emphasized. As such, this concept sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of using these tunable RTP materials for potential applications in optoelectronics, particularly highlighting their use of reversible information encryption, erasable light printing and rewritable smart paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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3
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Xu WW, Chen Y, Xu X, Liu Y. Light and Heat-Driven Flexible Solid Supramolecular Polymer Displaying Phosphorescence and Reversible Photochromism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311087. [PMID: 38335310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a type of light- and heat-driven flexible supramolecular polymer with reversibly long-lived phosphorescence and photochromism is constructed from acrylamide copolymers with 4-phenylpyridinium derivatives containing a cyano group (P-CN, P-oM, P-mM), sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBCD), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Compared to their parent solid polymers, these flexible supramolecules based on the non-covalent cross-linking of copolymers, SBCD, and PVA efficiently boost the phosphorescence lifetimes (723.0 ms for P-CN, 623.0 ms for P-oM, 945.8 ms for P-mM) through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. The phosphorescence intensity/lifetime, showing excellent responsiveness to light and heat, sharply decreased after irradiation with a 275 nm flashlight or sunlight and gradually recovered through heating. This is accompanied by the occurrence and fading of visible photochromism, manifesting as dark green for P-CN and pink for P-oM and P-mM. These reversible photochromism and phosphorescence behaviors are mainly attributed to the generation and disappearance of organic radicals in the 4-phenylpyridinium derivatives with a cyano group, which can guide tunable luminescence and photochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Yunyaeva O, Hean D, Wolf MO. Restricted rotation and tunable fluorescence in atropisomeric naphthyl pyridine chromophores. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38018711 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced fluorescence quantum yields are enabled by simple reactions at the heterocyclic nitrogen in naphthyl-pyridine chromophores in which the electronic properties can be tuned through protonation, oxidation, and alkylation at the nitrogen center. Fluorescence quantum yield is increased by reacting the pyridine lone pair with either a proton or an alkyl group. Restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) was observed upon alkylation, as evidenced by the presence of atropisomers. These simple structural changes allow application-driven tuning of electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yunyaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1.
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1.
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1.
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5
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Baggi N, Léaustic A, Zhou Y, Métivier R, Maurel F, Yu P. Tuning the photochemical ring-closing reaction efficiency in diarylethene-based photoswitches through engineering of internal charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7741-7749. [PMID: 36880838 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical quantum yield is one of the key features for a photoswitch and its tuning is challenging. In an attempt to tackle this issue within the popular diarylethene-based switches, we have explored the potential to use internal charge transfer (CT), a readily controllable parameter, for an effective modulation of the photocyclization quantum yield. For this, a homogeneous family of terarylenes, a sub-class of diarylethenes, with different CT characters, but the same photochromic core was designed and its photochromic properties were fully investigated. A clear correlation was found between the cyclization quantum yield and the CT character of the switch. More precisely, almost linear relationships were established between the ring-closing quantum yield and (i) the electron density variation accompanying the S0 → S1 transition and (ii) the percentage of LUMO on the reactive carbon atoms. Such a correlation was rationalized by a joint spectroscopic analysis and theoretical modelling of both ground and first excited states, introducing the concept of "early" or "late" photochromes. Encouragingly, such a potentally predictive model also seemed relevant when applied to some other diarylethene-based switches reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baggi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91400 Orsay, France. .,Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anne Léaustic
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91400 Orsay, France.
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Kharitonov VB, Sergeeva ES, Kouame EK, Nelyubina YV, Ushakov IA, Loginov DA, Lvov AG. Redirecting of Charge Transfer Enables the Control of the Photoactivity of Terarylenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7538-7543. [PMID: 36218225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer affects the efficiency and selectivity of photochemical reactions. Incorporation of donating groups into the isoquinolinium core allowed us to overcome the photochemical inactivity of the corresponding dithienyl-substituted terarylenes, presumably by redirecting the charge transfer within the molecule, and gave access to a new family of thermally reversible photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B Kharitonov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Sergeeva
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Eric Koffi Kouame
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor A Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Loginov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi Pereulok 36, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey G Lvov
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov Street, Irkutsk 664074, Russia.,A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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Prudkovskiy V, Arbouch I, Léaustic A, Yu P, Van Dyck C, Guérin D, Lenfant S, Mallah T, Cornil J, Vuillaume D. Terphenylthiazole-based self-assembled monolayers on cobalt with high conductance photo-switching ratio for spintronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5725-5742. [PMID: 35348166 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new photo-switchable terphenylthiazole molecules are synthesized and self-assembled as monolayers on Au and on ferromagnetic Co electrodes. The electron transport properties probed by conductive atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum reveal a larger conductance of the light-induced closed (c) form than for the open (o) form. We report an unprecedented conductance ratio of up to 380 between the closed and open forms on Co for the molecule with the anchoring group (thiol) on the side of the two N atoms of the thiazole unit. This result is rationalized by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations coupled to the Non-Equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. These calculations show that the high conductance in the closed form is due to a strong electronic coupling between the terphenylthiazole molecules and the Co electrode that manifests by a resonant transmission peak at the Fermi energy of the Co electrode with a large broadening. This behavior is not observed for the same molecules self-assembled on gold electrodes. These high conductance ratios make these Co-based molecular junctions attractive candidates to develop and study switchable molecular spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Prudkovskiy
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Imane Arbouch
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Anne Léaustic
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Pei Yu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Colin Van Dyck
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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8
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Uno K, Kim D, Bucevicius J, Bossi ML, Belov VN, Hell SW. Synthesis, structure–property relationships and absorbance modulation of highly asymmetric photochromes with variable oxidation and substitution patterns. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric 1,2-diarylperfluorocyclopentenes with “inverse” photochromism (due to shorter conjugation path in the closed-ring isomer), rapid switching and large absorption modulation are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakishi Uno
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dojin Kim
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bucevicius
- Chromatin Labeling and Imaging group, Department of NanoBiophotonics, MPI NAT, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano L. Bossi
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPI MR), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPI NAT), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPI MR), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Baggi N, Léaustic A, Groni S, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Guillot R, Métivier R, Maurel F, Yu P. A Photo- and Redox-Driven Two-Directional Terthiazole-Based Switch: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Chemistry 2021; 27:12866-12876. [PMID: 34213798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Terthiazoles with redox-active substituents like an N-methyl pyridinium group and ferrocene have been synthesized and their photo- and electro-chromic behaviors were investigated. The presence of two lateral N-methyl pyridinium substituents in the structure of terthiazole proved to be effective in inducing not only the reductive ring-closure of the terthiazole core but also its oxidative ring-opening reaction, leading to the first terarylene-based switch able to fully operate both photochemically and electrochemically. Moreover, the large increase in the redox potential between its open and closed form (700 mV) means that a part of the photon energy necessary to trigger the cyclization is stored in the form of chemical potential available for other works. Introduction of a second redox-active unit such as ferrocene onto the central thiazolyl moiety is found to inhibit the photochromism of the switch but not its redox switchability, which, instead, got improved for the ring-opening reaction via the redox properties of the ferrocenyl unit. The optical and redox properties of the switch in its different oxidation states are analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations in order to rationalize different switching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baggi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Léaustic
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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Xu Z, Hean D, Climent C, Casanova D, Wolf MO. Switching between TADF and RTP: anion-regulated photoluminescence in organic salts and co-crystals. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:5777-5784. [PMID: 34527950 PMCID: PMC8406714 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are two photophysical phenomena which utilize triplet excitons. In this work, we demonstrate how variation of the anion in organic salts with carbazole and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide donors and pyridinium and quinolinium acceptors may be used to switch between TADF and RTP. These compounds adopt similar molecular structures and packing modes with different anions and exhibit different types of photophysical behavior due to the electronic effects of the anions. With bromide anions, the salts exhibit TADF with some RTP. These compounds show fast reverse intersystem crossing and a short delayed lifetime, which is key to application in efficient and robust OLEDs. With BF4 - and PF6 - anions, RTP with long-lived lifetimes and afterglow are observed by eye. This behavior can be utilized for data encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. Emission wavelengths and lifetimes are also anion-dependent. These results open up an avenue for developing novel luminescent materials through anion tuning and present a molecular model to understand the interplay of RTP and TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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12
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Kukhta NA, Bryce MR. Dual emission in purely organic materials for optoelectronic applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:33-55. [PMID: 34821289 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic molecules, which emit light by dual emissive (DE) pathways, have received increased attention in the last decade. These materials are now being utilized in practical optoelectronic, sensing and biomedical applications. In order to further extend the application of the DE emitters, it is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the links between the molecular structure and the underlying photophysical processes. This review categorizes the types of DE according to the spin multiplicity and time range of the emission, with emphasis on recent experimental advances. The design rules towards novel DE molecular candidates, the most perspective types of DE and possible future applications are outlined. These exciting developments highlight the opportunities for new materials synthesis and pave the way for accelerated future innovation and developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya A Kukhta
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Hao T, Yang Y, Liang W, Fan C, Wang X, Wu W, Chen X, Fu H, Chen H, Yang C. Trace mild acid-catalysed Z → E isomerization of norbornene-fused stilbene derivatives: intelligent chiral molecular photoswitches with controllable self-recovery. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2614-2622. [PMID: 34164029 PMCID: PMC8179340 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene derivatives have long been known to undergo “acid-catalyzed” Z → E isomerization, where a strong mineral acid at high concentration is practically necessary. Such severe reaction conditions often cause undesired by-reactions and limit their potential application. Herein, we present a trace mild acid-catalyzed Z → E isomerization found with stilbene derivatives fused with a norbornene moiety. By-reactions, such as the migration of the C
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C double bond and electrophilic addition reactions, were completely inhibited because of the ring strain caused by the fused norbornene component. Direct photolysis of the E isomers at selected wavelengths led to the E → Z photoisomerization of these stilbene derivatives and thus constituted a unique class of molecular switches orthogonally controllable by light and acid. The catalytic amount of acid could be readily removed, and the Z → E isomerization could be controlled by turning on/off the irradiation of a photoacid, which allowed repeated isomerization in a non-invasive manner. Moreover, the Z isomer produced by photoisomerization could spontaneously self-recover to the E isomer in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid. The kinetics of Z → E isomerization were adjustable by manipulating catalytic factors and, therefore, unprecedented molecular photoswitches with adjustable self-recovery were realized. Quantitative Z → E isomerization was catalyzed by trace mild acids to offer molecular switches orthogonally controllable by acid and light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Chunying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
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14
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17137-17144. [PMID: 32573931 PMCID: PMC7540320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving highly efficient phosphorescence in purely organic luminophors at room temperature remains a major challenge due to slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in combination with effective non-radiative processes in those systems. Most room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) organic materials have O- or N-lone pairs leading to low lying (n, π*) and (π, π*) excited states which accelerate kisc through El-Sayed's rule. Herein, we report the first persistent RTP with lifetimes up to 0.5 s from simple triarylboranes which have no lone pairs. RTP is only observed in the crystalline state and in highly doped PMMA films which are indicative of aggregation induced emission (AIE). Detailed crystal structure analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions are important for efficient RTP. Furthermore, photophysical studies of the isolated molecules in a frozen glass, in combination with DFT/MRCI calculations, show that (σ, B p)→(π, B p) transitions accelerate the ISC process. This work provides a new approach for the design of RTP materials without (n, π*) transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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