1
|
Belsey NA, Dexter A, Vorng JL, Tsikritsis D, Nikula CJ, Murta T, Tiddia MV, Zhang J, Gurdak E, Trindade GF, Gilmore IS, Page L, Roper CS, Guy RH, Bettex MB. Visualisation of drug distribution in skin using correlative optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry imaging. J Control Release 2023; 364:79-89. [PMID: 37858627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A correlative methodology for label-free chemical imaging of soft tissue has been developed, combining non-linear optical spectroscopies and mass spectrometry to achieve sub-micron spatial resolution and critically improved drug detection sensitivity. The approach was applied to visualise the kinetics of drug reservoir formation within human skin following in vitro topical treatment with a commercial diclofenac gel. Non-destructive optical spectroscopic techniques, namely stimulated Raman scattering, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopies, were used to provide chemical and structural contrast. The same tissue sections were subsequently analysed by secondary ion mass spectrometry, which offered higher sensitivity for diclofenac detection throughout the epidermis and dermis. A method was developed to combine the optical and mass spectrometric datasets using image registration techniques. The label-free, high-resolution visualisation of tissue structure coupled with sensitive chemical detection offers a powerful method for drug biodistribution studies in the skin that impact directly on topical pharmaceutical product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Belsey
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Alex Dexter
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Vorng
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Dimitrios Tsikritsis
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Chelsea J Nikula
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Maria-Vitalia Tiddia
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Junting Zhang
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Elzbieta Gurdak
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Gustavo F Trindade
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Leanne Page
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, East Lothian EH33 2NE, UK
| | - Clive S Roper
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, East Lothian EH33 2NE, UK; Roper Toxicology Consulting Limited, Edinburgh EH3 6AD, UK
| | - Richard H Guy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mila Boncheva Bettex
- Haleon CH SARL, Route de l'Etraz 2, Case postale 1279, 1260 Nyon 1, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Next Generation Digital Pathology: Emerging Trends and Measurement Challenges for Molecular Pathology. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp3030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology is revolutionising the analysis of histological features and is becoming more and more widespread in both the clinic and research. Molecular pathology extends the tissue morphology information provided by conventional histopathology by providing spatially resolved molecular information to complement the structural information provided by histopathology. The multidimensional nature of the molecular data poses significant challenge for data processing, mining, and analysis. One of the key challenges faced by new and existing pathology practitioners is how to choose the most suitable molecular pathology technique for a given diagnosis. By providing a comparison of different methods, this narrative review aims to introduce the field of molecular pathology, providing a high-level overview of many different methods. Since each pixel of an image contains a wealth of molecular information, data processing in molecular pathology is more complex. The key data processing steps and variables, and their effect on the data, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Manifold B, Fu D. Quantitative Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Promises and Pitfalls. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:269-289. [PMID: 35300525 PMCID: PMC10083020 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-015110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its first demonstration, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has become a powerful chemical imaging tool that shows promise in numerous biological and biomedical applications. The spectroscopic capability of SRS enables identification and tracking of specific molecules or classes of molecules, often without labeling. SRS microscopy also has the hallmark advantage of signal strength that is directly proportional to molecular concentration, allowing for in situ quantitative analysis of chemical composition of heterogeneous samples with submicron spatial resolution and subminute temporal resolution. However, it is important to recognize that quantification through SRS microscopy requires assumptions regarding both system and sample. Such assumptions are often taken axiomatically, which may lead to erroneous conclusions without proper validation. In this review, we focus on the tacitly accepted, yet complex, quantitative aspect of SRS microscopy. We discuss the various approaches to quantitative analysis, examples of such approaches, challenges in different systems, and potential solutions. Through our examination of published literature, we conclude that a scrupulous approach to experimental design can further expand the powerful and incisive quantitative capabilities of SRS microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Manifold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pence IJ, Evans CL. Translational biophotonics with Raman imaging: clinical applications and beyond. Analyst 2021; 146:6379-6393. [PMID: 34596653 PMCID: PMC8543123 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical medicine continues to seek novel rapid non-invasive tools capable of providing greater insight into disease progression and management. Raman scattering based technologies constitute a set of tools under continuing development to address outstanding challenges spanning diagnostic medicine, surgical guidance, therapeutic monitoring, and histopathology. Here we review the mechanisms and clinical applications of Raman scattering, specifically focusing on high-speed imaging methods that can provide spatial context for translational biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin P, Chen WT, Yousef KMA, Marchioni J, Zhu A, Capasso F, Cheng JX. Coherent Raman scattering imaging with a near-infrared achromatic metalens. APL PHOTONICS 2021; 6:096107. [PMID: 34553044 PMCID: PMC8442248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Miniature handheld imaging devices and endoscopes based on coherent Raman scattering are promising for label-free in vivo optical diagnosis. Toward the development of these small-scale systems, a challenge arises from the design and fabrication of achromatic and high-end miniature optical components for both pump and Stokes laser wavelengths. Here, we report a metasurface converting a low-cost plano-convex lens into a water-immersion, nearly diffraction-limited and achromatic lens. The metasurface comprising amorphous silicon nanopillars is designed in a way that all incident rays arrive at the focus with the same phase and group delay, leading to corrections of monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the refractive lens, respectively. Compared to the case without the metasurface, the hybrid metasurface-refractive lens has higher Strehl ratios than the plano-convex lens and a tighter depth of focus. The hybrid metasurface-refractive lens is utilized in spectroscopic stimulated Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging for the differentiation of two different polymer microbeads. Subsequently, the hybrid metalens is harnessed for volumetric coherent Raman scattering imaging of bead and tissue samples. Finally, we discuss possible approaches to integrate such hybrid metalens in a miniature scanning system for label-free coherent Raman scattering endoscopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Zhu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schie IW, Stiebing C, Popp J. Looking for a perfect match: multimodal combinations of Raman spectroscopy for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210137VR. [PMID: 34387049 PMCID: PMC8358667 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.8.080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has shown very promising results in medical diagnostics by providing label-free and highly specific molecular information of pathological tissue ex vivo and in vivo. Nevertheless, the high specificity of Raman spectroscopy comes at a price, i.e., low acquisition rate, no direct access to depth information, and limited sampling areas. However, a similar case regarding advantages and disadvantages can also be made for other highly regarded optical modalities, such as optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime microscopy, second-harmonic generation, and others. While in these modalities the acquisition speed is significantly higher, they have no or only limited molecular specificity and are only sensitive to a small group of molecules. It can be safely stated that a single modality provides only a limited view on a specific aspect of a biological specimen and cannot assess the entire complexity of a sample. To solve this issue, multimodal optical systems, which combine different optical modalities tailored to a particular need, become more and more common in translational research and will be indispensable diagnostic tools in clinical pathology in the near future. These systems can assess different and partially complementary aspects of a sample and provide a distinct set of independent biomarkers. Here, we want to give an overview on the development of multimodal systems that use RS in combination with other optical modalities to improve the diagnostic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan W. Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences—Jena, Department for Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|