1
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Han M, Russo MJ, Desroches PE, Silva SM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, Greene GW. Calcium ions have a detrimental impact on the boundary lubrication property of hyaluronic acid and lubricin (PRG-4) both alone and in combination. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113741. [PMID: 38184943 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cartilage demineralisation in Osteoarthritis (OA) patients can elevate calcium ion levels in synovial fluid, as evidenced by the prevalence of precipitated calcium phosphate crystals in OA synovial fluid. Although it has been reported that there is a potential connection between elevated concentrations of calcium ions and a deterioration in the lubrication and wear resistance of cartilage tissues, the mechanism behind the strong link between calcium ion concentration and decreased lubrication performance is unclear. In this work, the AFM friction, imaging, and normal force distance measurements were used to investigate the lubrication performances of hyaluronic acid (HA), Lubricin (LUB), and HA-LUB complex in the presence of calcium ions (5 mM, 15 mM, and 30 mM), to understand the possible mechanism behind the change of lubrication property. The results of AFM friction measurements suggest that introducing calcium ions to the environment effectively eliminated the lubrication ability of HA and HA-LUB, especially with relatively low loading applied. The AFM images indicate that it is unlikely that structural or morphological changes in the surface-bound layer upon calcium ions addition are primarily responsible for the friction results demonstrated. Further, the poor correlation between the effect of calcium ions on the adhesion forces and its impact on friction suggests that the decrease in the lubricating ability of both layers is likely a result of changes in the hydration of the HA-LUB surface bound layers than changes in intermolecular or intramolecular binding. This work provides the first experimental evidence lending towards the relationship between bone demineralisation and articular cartilage degradation at the onset of OA and the mechanism through which elevated calcium levels in the synovial fluid act on joint lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Han
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Private Bag 16, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Russo
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Pauline E Desroches
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA; Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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2
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Chau A, Edwards CER, Helgeson ME, Pitenis AA. Designing Superlubricious Hydrogels from Spontaneous Peroxidation Gradients. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43075-43086. [PMID: 37650860 PMCID: PMC10510045 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrated three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that are commonly used in the biomedical industry due to their mechanical and structural tunability, biocompatibility, and similar water content to biological tissues. The surface structure of hydrogels polymerized through free-radical polymerization can be modified by controlling environmental oxygen concentrations, leading to the formation of a polymer concentration gradient. In this work, 17.5 wt % polyacrylamide hydrogels are polymerized in low (0.01 mol % O2) and high (20 mol % O2) oxygen environments, and their mechanical and tribological properties are characterized through microindentation, nanoindentation, and tribological sliding experiments. Without significantly reducing the elastic modulus of the hydrogel (E* ≈ 200 kPa), we demonstrate an order of magnitude reduction in friction coefficient (from μ = 0.021 ± 0.006 to μ = 0.002 ± 0.001) by adjusting polymerization conditions (e.g., oxygen concentration). A quantitative analytical model based on polyacrylamide chemistry and kinetics was developed to estimate the thickness and structure of the monomer conversion gradient, termed the "surface gel layer". We find that polymerizing hydrogels at high oxygen concentrations leads to the formation of a preswollen surface gel layer that is approximately five times thicker (t ≈ 50 μm) and four times less concentrated (≈ 6% monomer conversion) at the surface prior to swelling compared to low oxygen environments (t ≈ 10 μm, ≈ 20% monomer conversion). Our model could be readily modified to predict the preswollen concentration profile of the polyacrylamide gel surface layer for any reaction conditions─monomer and initiator concentration, oxygen concentration, reaction time, and reaction media depth─or used to select conditions that correspond to a certain desired surface gel layer profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison
L. Chau
- Materials
Department, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Chelsea E. R. Edwards
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Angela A. Pitenis
- Materials
Department, University of California, Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Pei S, Zhou Y, Li Y, Azar T, Wang W, Kim DG, Liu XS. Instrumented nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:38-51. [PMID: 35660010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle, are natural composite materials that are constructed with a hierarchical structure ranging from the cell to tissue level. The component differences and structural complexity, together, require comprehensive multiscale mechanical characterization. In this review, we focus on nanoindentation testing, which is used for nanometer to sub-micrometer length scale mechanical characterization. In the following context, we will summarize studies of nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research, examine the critical factors that affect nanoindentation testing results, and briefly summarize other commonly used techniques that can be conjoined with nanoindentation for synchronized imaging and colocalized characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Pei
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yilu Zhou
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yihan Li
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tala Azar
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - X Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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4
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Meng Y, Xu J, Ma L, Jin Z, Prakash B, Ma T, Wang W. A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021. FRICTION 2022; 10:1443-1595. [PMCID: PMC9552739 DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Around 1,000 peer-reviewed papers were selected from 3,450 articles published during 2020–2021, and reviewed as the representative advances in tribology research worldwide. The survey highlights the development in lubrication, wear and surface engineering, biotribology, high temperature tribology, and computational tribology, providing a show window of the achievements of recent fundamental and application researches in the field of tribology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Braham Prakash
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100082 China
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5
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Bilotto P, Imre AM, Dworschak D, Mears LLE, Valtiner M. Visualization of Ion|Surface Binding and In Situ Evaluation of Surface Interaction Free Energies via Competitive Adsorption Isotherms. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 1:45-53. [PMID: 34939072 PMCID: PMC8679647 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Function and properties
at biologic as well as technological interfaces
are controlled by a complex and concerted competition of specific
and unspecific binding with ions and water in the electrolyte. It
is not possible to date to directly estimate by experiment the interfacial
binding energies of involved species in a consistent approach, thus
limiting our understanding of how interactions in complex (physiologic)
media are moderated. Here, we employ a model system utilizing polymers
with end grafted amines interacting with a negatively charged mica
surface. We measure interaction forces as a function of the molecule
density and ion concentration in NaCl solutions. The measured adhesion
decreases by about 90%, from 0.01 to 1 M electrolyte concentration.
We further demonstrate by molecular resolution imaging how ions increasingly
populate the binding surface at elevated concentrations, and are effectively
competing with the functional group for a binding site. We demonstrate
that a competing Langmuir isotherm model can describe this concentration-dependent
competition. Further, based on this model we can quantitatively estimate
ion binding energies, as well as binding energy relationships at a
complex solid|liquid interface. Our approach enables the extraction
of thermodynamic interaction energies and kinetic parameters of ionic
species during monolayer level interactions at a solid|liquid interface,
which to-date is impossible with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Bilotto
- Institute of Applied Physics, Applied Interface Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M. Imre
- Institute of Applied Physics, Applied Interface Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Dworschak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Applied Interface Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura L. E. Mears
- Institute of Applied Physics, Applied Interface Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Institute of Applied Physics, Applied Interface Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Han L, Xu N, Lv S, Yin J, Zheng D, Li X. Enhanced In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Alginate/Silk Protein/Hyaluronic Acid with Polypeptide Microsphere Delivery for Tissue Regeneration of Articular Cartilage. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:901-909. [PMID: 34082875 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alginate/Silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid (ALG/SF/HA) nanocomposites were synthesised using blending, inter-linking, and lyophilization methods. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanocomposites, including their water retention, weight loss, porosity and cytocompatibility. The optimum ratios of the ALG/SF/HA scaffolding were 3:6.5:0.5. Nanocomposites with optimum ratios were then prepared by integrating pilose antler polypeptides (PAPS) to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, and the performance was investigated. PAPS-ALG/SF/HA nanocomposites exhibited desirable adhesions and proliferations. Rabbit cartilage deficiencies was developed by the animal model. The cartilage repair effects deficiencies were detected and analyzed between PAPS-SF/ALG/ALG/SF/HA, and control activity classes. The deficiencies were virtually fully remedied after 13 weeks in the presence of PAPS-ALG/SF/HA class, suggesting that the PAPS-ALG/SF/HA nanocomposites had a positive effects on joint cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Songwei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianjian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Abstract
Since their inception, hydrogels have gained popularity among multiple fields, most significantly in biomedical research and industry. Due to their resemblance to biological tribosystems, a significant amount of research has been conducted on hydrogels to elucidate biolubrication mechanisms and their possible applications as replacement materials. This review is focused on lubrication mechanisms and covers friction models that have attempted to quantify the complex frictional characteristics of hydrogels. From models developed on the basis of polymer physics to the concept of hydration lubrication, assumptions and conditions for their applicability are discussed. Based on previous models and our own experimental findings, we propose the viscous-adhesive model for hydrogel friction. This model accounts for the effects of confinement of the polymer network provided by a solid surface and poroelastic relaxation as well as the (non) Newtonian shear of a complex fluid on the frictional force and quantifies the frictional response of hydrogels-solid interfaces. Finally, the review delineates potential areas of future research based on the current knowledge.
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8
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Transient stiffening of cartilage during joint articulation: A microindentation study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104113. [PMID: 33032010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a mechanoactive tissue, articular cartilage undergoes compression and shear on a daily basis. With the advent of high resolution and sensitive mechanical testing methods, such as micro- and nanoindentation, it has become possible to assess changes in small-scale mechanical properties due to compression and shear of the tissue. However, investigations on the changes of these properties before and after joint articulation have been limited. To simulate articular loading of cartilage in the context of human gait, a previously developed bioreactor system was used. Immediately after bioreactor testing, the stiffness was measured using microindentation. Specifically, we investigated whether the mechanical response of the tissue was transient or permanent, dependent on counterface material, and an effect limited to the superficial zone of cartilage. We found that cartilage surface stiffness increases immediately after articular loading and returns to baseline values within 3 hr. Cartilage-on-cartilage stiffening was found to be higher compared to both alumina- and cobalt chromium-on-cartilage stiffening, which were not significantly different from each other. This stiffening response was found to be unique to the superficial zone, as articular loading on cartilage with the superficial zone removed showed no changes in stiffness. The findings of this study suggest that the cartilage superficial zone may adapt its stiffness as a response to articular loading. As the superficial zone is often compromised during the course of osteoarthritic disease, this finding is of clinical relevance, suggesting that the load-bearing function deteriorates over time.
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9
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Degen GD, Chen YT, Chau AL, Månsson LK, Pitenis AA. Poroelasticity of highly confined hydrogel films measured with a surface forces apparatus. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8096-8100. [PMID: 32935726 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of poroelasticity on the contact mechanics of thin polyacrylamide films was investigated with a surface forces apparatus (SFA). A model based on a thin film approximation described compression forces for hydrated gels; polymer scaling theory explained the effects of gel dehydration. The results demonstrate that fluid flow dictates the apparent stiffness of highly confined poroelastic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Degen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Yen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Allison L Chau
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lisa K Månsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela A Pitenis
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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