1
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Zhang D, Zhao F, Wang H, Ni Y. Self-formed asymmetric Schottky contacts between graphene and WSiGeN 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21110-21116. [PMID: 39058362 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the electronic properties and transport characteristics of WSiGeN4/graphene heterostructures were explored by combining the quantum transport method with first-principle calculations. The band structures indicate that the heterostructures can form either p-type or n-type Schottky contacts, depending on the stacking mode. Due to the self-formed asymmetric Schottky contacts, we design an asymmetric van der Waals (vdW) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure, which exhibits a pronounced asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) curve. The corresponding physical mechanisms are attributed to carrier transport mechanisms, which are primarily governed by thermionic excitation at positive bias voltages and tunneling effects at negative bias voltages. Our study offers a viable strategy for integrating asymmetric Schottky barriers into MSM configurations, laying the groundwork for a wider range of applications in a range of Janus two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Fengai Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, China
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2
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Jalil A, Zhao T, Firdous A, Kanwal A, Ali Raza SR, Rafiq A. Computational Insights into Schottky Barrier Heights: Graphene and Borophene Interfaces with H- and H́-XSi 2N 4 (X = Mo, W) Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8463-8473. [PMID: 38591916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting family of XSi2N4 (X = Mo and W), an emergent class of air-stable monolayers, has recently gained attention due to its distinctive structural, mechanical, transport, and optical properties. However, the electrical contact between XSi2N4 and metals remains a mystery. In this study, we inspect the electronic and transport properties, specifically the Schottky barrier height (SBH) and tunneling probability, of XSi2N4-based van der Waals contacts by means of first-principles calculations. Our findings reveal that the electrical contacts of XSi2N4 with metals can serve as the foundation for nanoelectronic devices with ultralow SBHs. We further analyzed the tunneling probability of different metal contacts with XSi2N4. We found that the H-phase XSi2N4/metal contact shows superior tunneling probability compared to that of H́-based metal contacts. Our results suggest that heterostructures at interfaces can potentially enable efficient tunneling barrier modulation in metal contacts, particularly in the case of MoSi2N4/borophene compared to MoSi2N4/graphene and WSi2N4/graphene in transport-efficient electronic devices. Among the studied heterostructures, tunneling efficiency is highest at the H and H́-MoSi2N4/borophene interfaces, with barrier heights of 2.1 and 1.52 eV, respectively, and barrier widths of 1.04 and 0.8 Å. Furthermore, the tunneling probability for these interfaces was identified to be 21.3 and 36.4%, indicating a good efficiency of carrier injection. Thus, our study highlights the potential of MoSi2N4/borophene contact in designing power-efficient Ohmic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jalil
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials & Defects Engineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tingkai Zhao
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials & Defects Engineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ammara Firdous
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Sector H-8, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arooba Kanwal
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Sector H-8, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Raza Ali Raza
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Sector H-8, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Rafiq
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Lehtrar Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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3
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Xie T, Ma X, Guo Y, Yuan G, Liao J, Ma N, Huang C. A graphene/Janus B 2P 6 heterostructure with a controllable Schottky barrier via interlayer distance and electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31238-31248. [PMID: 37955158 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface remains a stern challenge in the field of field-effect transistors. Herein, an in-depth investigation was conducted to explore the formation mechanism of the Schottky barrier via interlayer distance and external electric field, utilizing the first-principles approach. Attributed to the vertical asymmetric structure of B2P6, ohmic contact forms at the interface of a graphene/B2P6(001) heterostructure, and an n-type Schottky contact with a Schottky barrier of 0.51 eV forms at the interface of a graphene/B2P6(001̄) heterostructure. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier height and the contact type can be changed by adjusting the interlayer spacing or applying an electric field along the Z direction. A high carrier concentration of 4.65 × 1013 cm-2 is obtained in the graphene/B2P6(001) heterostructure when an external electric field of 0.05 V Å-1 is applied. Verifiably, alterations in the energy band structure are attributed to the redistribution of charges at the interface. The new findings indicate that GR/B2P6 heterostructures are a key candidate for next-generation Schottky field-effect transistor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xinguo Ma
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- 111 Research Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Youyou Guo
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Gang Yuan
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - JiaJun Liao
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Chuyun Huang
- 111 Research Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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4
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Hong M, Dai L, Hu H, Zhang X, Li C, He Y. Pressure-Driven Structural and Electronic Transitions in a Two-Dimensional Janus WSSe Crystal. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16782-16793. [PMID: 37775280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we presented the first report on the high-pressure structural stability and electrical transport characteristics in WSSe under different hydrostatic environments through Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with first-principles theoretical calculations. For nonhydrostatic conditions, WSSe endured a phase transition at 15.2 GPa, followed by a semiconductor-to-metal crossover at 25.3 GPa. Furthermore, the bandgap closure was accounted for the metallization of WSSe as derived from theoretical calculations. Under hydrostatic conditions, ∼ 2.0 GPa pressure hysteresis was detected for the emergence of phase transition and metallization in WSSe because of the feeble deviatoric stress. Upon depressurization, the reversibility of the phase transition was substantiated by those of microscopic HRTEM observations under different hydrostatic environments. Our high-pressure investigation on WSSe advances the insightful understanding of the crystalline structure and electronic properties for the Janus transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family and boosts prospective developments in functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Hong
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Lidong Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Haiying Hu
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu He
- Key Laboratory of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Akhond MR, Islam MJ, Irfan A, Sharif A. 2D-2D Nanoheterostructure of an Exposed {001}-Facet CuO and MoS 2 Based Bifunctional Catalyst Showing Excellent Surface Chemistry and Conductivity for Cathodic CO 2 Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37353-37368. [PMID: 37841188 PMCID: PMC10568694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel CuO-MoS2 based heterostructure catalyst model system is proposed where a CuO nanosheet with exposed {001} facet with proper termination is the active surface for the catalysis and a MoS2 nanosheet is the supporting layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to validate the model. The MoS2 bilayer forms a stable heterostructure with {001} faceted CuO with different terminations exposing oxygen and copper atoms (active sites) on the surface. The heterostructure active sites with a low oxidation state of the copper atoms and subsurface oxygen atoms provide a suitable chemical environment for the selective production of multicarbon products from CO2 electrocatalytic reduction. Furthermore, our heterostructure model exhibits good electrical conductivity, efficient electron transport to active surface sites, and less interfacial resistance compared to similar heterostructure systems. Additionally, we propose a photoenhanced electrocatalysis mechanism due to the photoactive nature of MoS2. We suggest that the photogenerated carrier separation occurs because of the interface-induced dipole. Moreover, we utilized a machine learning model trained on a 2D DFT materials database to predict selected properties and compared them with the DFT results. Overall, our study provides insights into the structure-property relationship of a MoS2 supported 2D CuO nanosheet based bifunctional catalyst and highlights the advantages of heterostructure formation with selective morphology and properly terminated surface in tuning the catalytic performance of nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rajbanul Akhond
- Department
of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahidul Islam
- Department
of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, PO. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sharif
- Department
of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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6
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Chen W, Pan J, Jing S, Li W, Bian B, Liao B, Wang G. Influence of contact interface on electric transport in in-plane graphene/MoSSe heterojunction. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Liu J, Lu R, Xiao G, Zhang C, Zhao K, He Q, Zhao Y. Trade-off effect of 3d transition metal doped boron nitride on anchoring polysulfides towards application in lithium-sulfur battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:886-894. [PMID: 35259718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffer from the notorious "shuttle effect", low sulfur use ratio, and tardy transformation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), while using two-dimensional (2D) polar anchoring materials combined with single-atom catalysis is one of the promising methods to address these issues. Herein, the 3d transition metal (TM) doped 2D boron nitrides (BN), labeled as TM-BN, are studied for the anchoring and redox kinetics of LiPSs using first principles calculations. From the simulated results, the TM atom and adjacent N atoms are active adsorption sites for binding S atoms in LiPSs/S8 and Li atoms in LiPSs, respectively. A negative d-band center closer to the Fermi level of TM-BN is key for enhancing the binding strength of TM-S and lowering the Li2S decomposition energy barrier, while it deteriorates the activity of adjacent N atoms. Fortunately, the electrolyte environment has little effect on the superiority of the TM-BN for binding polysulfides/S8, guaranteeing the sturdy anchor of polysulfides/S8 in realistic conditions. The trade-off effect on the activities of TM and adjacent N atom sites in TM-BN for binding LiPSs highlights the excellence of Ti/V/Cr-BN as modification materials for LSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Gaofan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Qiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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8
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Slepchenkov MM, Kolosov DA, Glukhova OE. Novel Van Der Waals Heterostructures Based on Borophene, Graphene-like GaN and ZnO for Nanoelectronics: A First Principles Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:4084. [PMID: 35744141 PMCID: PMC9230885 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
At present, the combination of 2D materials of different types of conductivity in the form of van der Waals heterostructures is an effective approach to designing electronic devices with desired characteristics. In this paper, we design novel van der Waals heterostructures by combing buckled triangular borophene (tr-B) and graphene-like gallium nitride (GaN) monolayers, and tr-B and zinc oxide (ZnO) monolayers together. Using ab initio methods, we theoretically predict the structural, electronic, and electrically conductive properties of tr-B/GaN and tr-B/ZnO van der Waals heterostructures. It is shown that the proposed atomic configurations of tr-B/GaN and tr-B/ZnO heterostructures are energetically stable and are characterized by a gapless band structure in contrast to the semiconductor character of GaN and ZnO monolayers. We find the phenomenon of charge transfer from tr-B to GaN and ZnO monolayers, which predetermines the key role of borophene in the formation of the features of the electronic structure of tr-B/GaN and tr-B/ZnO van der Waals heterostructures. The results of the calculation of the current-voltage (I-V) curves reveal that tr-B/GaN and tr-B/ZnO van der Waals heterostructures are characterized by the phenomenon of current anisotropy: the current along the zigzag edge of the ZnO/GaN monolayers is five times greater than along the armchair edge of these monolayers. Moreover, the heterostructures show good stability of current to temperature change at small voltage. These findings demonstrate that r-B/GaN and tr-B/ZnO vdW heterostructures are promising candidates for creating the element base of nanoelectronic devices, in particular, a conducting channel in field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Slepchenkov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (M.M.S.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kolosov
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (M.M.S.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (M.M.S.); (D.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Wearable Biocompatible Devices and Bionic Prostheses, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Liu X, Choi MS, Hwang E, Yoo WJ, Sun J. Fermi Level Pinning Dependent 2D Semiconductor Devices: Challenges and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108425. [PMID: 34913205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the high expectation for efficient electrostatic modulation of charge transport at very low voltages, atomically thin 2D materials with a range of bandgaps are investigated extensively for use in future semiconductor devices. However, researchers face formidable challenges in 2D device processing mainly originated from the out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) structure of ultrathin 2D materials. As major challenges, untunable Schottky barrier height and the corresponding strong Fermi level pinning (FLP) at metal interfaces are observed unexpectedly with 2D vdW materials, giving rise to unmodulated semiconductor polarity, high contact resistance, and lowered device mobility. Here, FLP observed from recently developed 2D semiconductor devices is addressed differently from those observed from conventional semiconductor devices. It is understood that the observed FLP is attributed to inefficient doping into 2D materials, vdW gap present at the metal interface, and hybridized compounds formed under contacting metals. To provide readers with practical guidelines for the design of 2D devices, the impact of FLP occurring in 2D semiconductor devices is further reviewed by exploring various origins responsible for the FLP, effects of FLP on 2D device performances, and methods for improving metallic contact to 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Min Sup Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Wu X, Chen X, Yang R, Zhan J, Ren Y, Li K. Recent Advances on Tuning the Interlayer Coupling and Properties in van der Waals Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105877. [PMID: 35044721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are receiving increasing research attention due to the theoretically amazing properties and unprecedented application potential. However, the as-synthesized heterostructures are generally underperforming due to the weak interlayer coupling, which inspires the researchers to find ways to modulate the interlayer coupling and properties, realizing the tailored performance for actual applications. There have been a lot of publications regarding the controllable regulation of the structures and properties of 2D vdW heterostructures in the past few years, while a review work summarizing the current advances is not yet available, though it is significant. This paper conducts a state-of-the-art review regarding the current research progress of performance modulation of vdW heterostructures by different techniques. First, the general synthesis methods of vdW heterostructures are summarized. Then, different performance modulation techniques, that is, mechanical-based, external fields-assisted, and particle beam irradiation-based methods, are discussed and compared in detail. Some of the newly proposed concepts are described. Thereafter, applications of vdW heterostructures with tailored properties are reviewed for the application prospects of the topic around this area. Moreover, the future research challenges and prospects are discussed, aiming at triggering more research interest and device applications around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Ruxue Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, China
| | - Jianbin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingzhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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11
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Chen D, Mukherjee S, Zhang C, Li Y, Xiao B, Singh CV. Two-dimensional square metal organic framework as promising cathode material for lithium-sulfur battery with high theoretical energy density. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 613:435-446. [PMID: 35042041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as new generation of energy storage which offer cost-effectiveness and high energy density. However, their commercialization is restricted due to a host of challenges associated with the cathode material which usually contains sulfur with several drawbacks, including a low electronic conductivity of sulfur, the 'shuttle effect', and a large volume expansion during discharge. Herein, a novel two-dimensional porphyrin-like square metal organic framework (MOF) was explored as a promising cathode material using first principles density function theory (DFT) assisted by genetic global search. The DFT results show that, among 7 kinds of transition-metal organic framework (TM-MOF), only V-MOF and Ru-MOF is found to possess considerable chemical interactions with S8 and lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in both vacuum and in electrolytic solvents, demonstrating distinguishable anchoring performance. The genetic global search and further DFT calculations indicate that the lithiation process on V-MOF exhibited a nearly constant open-circuit voltage of about 1.92 V to 1.95 V, and the theoretical energy density could reach up to 1469 Wh kg-1 when lithiation of S8 is considered on both sides of the substrate. The volume expansion of V-MOF during discharge is found to be about 34%, much smaller than 80% for solid sulfur. The band structure and density of states of V-MOF suggest metallic properties or a small band gap for bare surface or during the lithiation process. These results indicate that two-dimensional (2D) V-MOFs can serve as high-performance cathode material with distinguished anchoring performance to block polysulfide dissolution and thereby reduce the 'shuttle effect', and help attain ultra-high energy density. Our work points the way for designing and providing experimental realization of 2D layered materials applied in cathode with high energy density and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Sankha Mukherjee
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Xiao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.
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12
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Hu X, Liu W, Yang J, Zhang S, Ye Y. First-principles study on the electronic structures and contact properties of graphene/XC (X = P, As, Sb, and Bi) van der Waals heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25136-25142. [PMID: 34729574 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrical contacts at the van der Waals (vdW) interface between two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and metal electrodes could dramatically affect the device performance. Herein, we construct a series of graphene (Gr)/XC (X = P, As, Sb, and Bi) vdW heterostructures, in which XC monolayers have aroused considerable attention recently as an emerging class of 2D semiconductors. The electronic structures and contact properties of Gr/XC vdW heterostructures are investigated systematically using first-principles calculations. The band structures indicate that both Gr/PC and Gr/AsC heterostructures form n-type Schottky contacts with Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) of 0.01 eV and 0.43 eV, respectively, while both Gr/SbC and Gr/BiC heterostructures preferably form Ohmic contacts. The different X atoms result in different work functions, electron flows, charge distributions and orientations of the dipole moment in Gr/XC heterostructures. Moreover, the tunneling probabilities increase with the increasing atom radius of X from P to Bi, indicating the most improved current and smaller contact resistance at the interfaces of Gr/BiC compared to Gr/PC, Gr/AsC and Gr/SbC heterostructures. Our work could provide meaningful information for designing high-performance nanoelectronic devices based on Gr/XC heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Hu
- School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China.
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jialin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China. .,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanfeng Ye
- School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China.
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13
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Chettri B, Patra PK, Srivastava S, Laref A, Rai DP. Enhanced H 2 Storage Capacity of Bilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) Incorporating van der Waals Interaction under an Applied External Electric Field. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22374-22382. [PMID: 34497926 PMCID: PMC8412961 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight two-dimensional materials are being studied for hydrogen storage applications due to their large surface area. The characteristics of hydrogen adsorption on the h-BN bilayer under the applied electric field were investigated. The overall storage capacity of the bilayer is 6.7 wt % from our theoretical calculation with E ads of 0.223 eV/H2. The desorption temperature to remove the adsorbed H2 molecules from the surface of the h-BN bilayer system in the absence of an external electric field is found to be ∼176 K. With the introduction of an external electric field, the E ads lies in the range of 0.223-0.846 eV/H2 and the desorption temperature is from 176 to 668 K. Our results show that the external electric field enhances the average adsorption energy as well as the desorption temperature and thus makes the h-BN bilayer a promising candidate for hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Chettri
- Department
of Physics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
- Physical
Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga
University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Patra
- Department
of Physics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Sunita Srivastava
- Department
of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University
of Science & Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
- Department
of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Amel Laref
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dibya Prakash Rai
- Physical
Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga
University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796001, India
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14
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Deng L, Yuan W, He D, Liu S, Du Y, Gong L, Liu H. Transient absorption measurements of interlayer charge transfer in a WS 2/GeS van der Waals heterostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17259-17264. [PMID: 34346436 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01892b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We introduce germanium sulfide (GeS) as a new layered material for the fabrication of two-dimensional van der Waals materials and heterostructures. Heterostructures of WS2/GeS were fabricated using mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer techniques. Significant photoluminescence quenching of WS2 in the heterostructures indicates efficient charge transfer. Transient absorption measurements were performed to study the dynamics of charge transfer. The results show that the heterostructure forms a type-II band alignment with the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum located in the WS2 and GeS layers, respectively. The ultrafast hole transfer from WS2 to GeS is confirmed by the faster decay of the lower peak value of the differential reflection signal in the heterostructure sample, in comparison to the WS2 monolayer. These results introduce GeS as a promising semiconductor material for developing new novel heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lier Deng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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15
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Meftakhutdinov RM, Sibatov RT, Kochaev AI, Evseev DA. First-principles study of graphenylene/MoX 2 (X = S, Te, and Se) van der Waals heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14315-14324. [PMID: 34165113 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures obtained by stacking monolayers of recently synthesized graphenylene (Gr) and two-dimensional 1H-MoX2 (X = S, Te, and Se) are proposed and analyzed using ab initio calculations. These heterostructures are stable under normal conditions and have unique crystalline lattices. The study of electronic properties shows that the proposed materials are direct-gap semiconductors with a narrow band gap, which can be controlled by in-plane tensile strain or a transverse electric field. The considered vdW heterostructures demonstrate the transition of band alignments between types I, II and III, when in-plane stress or a transverse electric field is applied, and hold great potential for creating multifunctional devices for stretched electronics. Computations based on the non-equilibrium Green's function method indicate a high rectification factor of the order of 103-104 for a diode based on the Gr/MoS2 vdW junction. The studied structures exhibit broad optical absorption across the entire visible range and represent a promising material for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R T Sibatov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.
| | - A I Kochaev
- Ulyanovsk State University (UlSU), Ulyanovsk 432017, Russia.
| | - D A Evseev
- Ulyanovsk State University (UlSU), Ulyanovsk 432017, Russia.
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16
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Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Chlorobenzene and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene adsorption studies on θ-Arsenene nanosheet – a first-principles analysis. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1936248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nagarajan
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - R. Chandiramouli
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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17
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Li W, Wei J, Bian B, Liao B, Wang G. The effect of different covalent bond connections and doping on transport properties of planar graphene/MoS 2/graphene heterojunctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6871-6879. [PMID: 33725032 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic transport properties of in-plane graphene/MoS2/graphene heterojunctions are studied using density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function method. It is found that different covalent bond connections cause different electron distributions, such as accumulation or depletion, on the contact surface. The C-S structure exhibits more electron accumulation and depletion, indicating that the electrons can easily transfer from MoS2 to graphene. Since the three structures all form covalent or ionic bonds, the tunneling barrier for carriers is very small. The C-S structure exhibits a smaller p-type Schottky barrier, indicating that it has better transport properties than the other two structures. We found that the effective doping method can reduce the Schottky-barrier height (SBH), resulting in smaller contact resistance. Thus, the current-voltage curves of the undoped and doped C-S structures exhibit rectification and approximately linear characteristics under a given bias, which agrees with experimental reports. These results provide insight for designing high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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18
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Wang J, Zhang D, Zhou B. Achieving an Ohmic contact in graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures by intrinsic defects and the inner polarized electric field of Janus AlGaSSe. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Schottky barrier height is mainly affected by the synergistic action of the inner polarization electric field of Janus AlGaSSe and the 2D/2D heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Baozeng Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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19
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Dong Y, Xu B, Hu H, Yang J, Li F, Gong J, Chen Z. C 9N 4 and C 2N 6S 3 monolayers as promising anchoring materials for lithium-sulfur batteries: weakening the shuttle effect via optimizing lithium bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12958-12967. [PMID: 34037024 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The notorious polysulfide shuttle effect is a crucial factor responsible for the degradation of Li-S batteries. A good way to suppress the shuttle effect is to effectively anchor dissoluble lithium polysulfides (LPSs, Li2Sn) on appropriate substrates. Previous studies have revealed that Li of Li2Sn is prone to interact with the N of N-containing materials to form Li-N bonds. In this work, by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations, we explored the possibility to form Li bonds on ten different N-containing monolayers, including BN, C2N, C2N6S3, C9N4, a covalent triazine framework (CTF), g-C3N4, p-C3N4, C3N5, S-N2S, and T-N2S, by examining the adsorption behavior of Li2Sn (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8) on these two-dimensional (2D) anchoring materials (AMs), and investigated the performance of the formed Li bonds (if any) in inhibiting the shuttle effect. By comparing and analyzing the nitrogen content, the N-containing pore size, charge transfer, and Li bonds, we found that the N content and N-containing pore size correlate with the number of Li bonds, and the formed Li-N bonds between LPSs and AMs correspond well with the adsorption energies of the LPSs. The C9N4 and C2N6S3 monolayers were identified as promising AMs in Li-S batteries. From the view of Li bonds, this work provides guidelines for designing 2D N-containing materials as anchoring materials to reduce the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries, and thus improving the performance of Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Dong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Bai Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Haiyu Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Jiashu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Fengyu Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
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