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Moynihan E, Galiana-Cameo M, Sandri M, Ruffini A, Panseri S, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montesi M, Montagner D. 2D and 3D anticancer properties of C2-functionalised glucosamine-Pt (IV) prodrugs based on cisplatin scaffold. Front Chem 2024; 12:1388332. [PMID: 38770272 PMCID: PMC11102980 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1388332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of C2-functionalied Pt (IV) glycoconjugates based on glucosamine have been synthesised, characterised and tested as anticancer agents on a series of different 2D and 3D cancer cell lines. The carbohydrate will act as a targeted delivery system to improve the selectivity, exploiting the Warburg Effect and the GLUTs receptors that are overexpressed in most of the cancer cells. The hydroxyl at C2 of the carbohydrates does not participate in hydrogen bonding with the GLUTs receptors, making C2 an attractive position for drug conjugation as seen in literature. In this study, we use the amino functionality at the C2 position in glucosamine and Copper-catalysed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition "click" (CuAAC) reaction to connect the prodrug Pt (IV) scaffold to the carbohydrate. We have investigated complexes with different linker lengths, as well as acetyl protected and free derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first series of Pt (IV) glucosamine-conjugates functionalised at C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (ISSMC)– National Research Council (CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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2
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Aputen AD, Elias MG, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Gordon CP, Scott KF, Aldrich-Wright JR. Versatile Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Naproxen and Acemetacin as Chemo-Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092460. [PMID: 37173934 PMCID: PMC10177380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new and versatile platinum(IV) complexes that incorporate bioactive moieties is a rapidly evolving research strategy for cancer drug discovery. In this study, six platinum(IV) complexes (1-6) that are mono-substituted in the axial position with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecule, naproxen or acemetacin, were synthesised. A combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques confirmed the composition and homogeneity of 1-6. The antitumour potential of the resultant complexes was assessed on multiple cell lines and proved to be significantly improved compared with cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The platinum(IV) derivatives conjugated with acemetacin (5 and 6) were determined to be the most biologically potent, demonstrating GI50 values ranging between 0.22 and 250 nM. Remarkably, in the Du145 prostate cell line, 6 elicited a GI50 value of 0.22 nM, which is 5450-fold more potent than cisplatin. A progressive decrease in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial activity was observed for 1-6 in the HT29 colon cell line, up to 72 h. The inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme was also demonstrated by the complexes, confirming that these platinum(IV) complexes may reduce COX-2-dependent inflammation and cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico D Aputen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Maria George Elias
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kieran F Scott
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
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3
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Yang Y, Du LQ, Huang Y, Liang CJ, Qin QP, Liang H. Platinum(II) 5-substituted-8-hydroxyquinoline coordination compounds induces mitophagy-mediated apoptosis in A549/DDP cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112152. [PMID: 36736244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, two new mononuclear platinum(II) coordination compounds, [Pt(L1)(DMSO)Cl] (PtL1) and [Pt(L2)(DMSO)Cl] (PtL2) with the 5-(ethoxymethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride (H-L1) and 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (H-L2) have been synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxic activity of PtL1 and PtL2 were screened in both healthy HL-7702 cell line and cancer cell lines, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cells and cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cancer cells (A549R), and were compared to that of the H-L1, H-L2, H-L3 ligands and 8-hydroxyquinoline (H-L3) platinum(II) complex [Pt(L3)(DMSO)Cl] (PtL3). MTT results showed that PtL1 bearing one deprotonated L1 ligand against A549R was more potent by 8.8-48.6 fold than that of PtL2 and PtL3 complexes but was more selective toward healthy HL-7702 cells. In addition, PtL1 and PtL3 overcomes tumour drug resistance by significantly inducing mitophagy and causing the change of the related proteins expression, which leads to cell apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PtL1 on A549 xenograft tumour was 68.2%, which was much higher than that of cisplatin (cisPt, ca. 50.0%), without significantly changing nude mice weight in comparison with the untreated group. This study helps to explore the potential of the platinum(II) 5-substituted-8-hydroxyquinoline coordination compounds for the new Pt-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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4
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Moynihan E, Panseri S, Bassi G, Rossi A, Campodoni E, Dempsey E, Montesi M, Velasco-Torrijos T, Montagner D. Development of Novel Pt(IV)-Carbohydrate Derivatives as Targeted Anticancer Agents against Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076028. [PMID: 37047001 PMCID: PMC10094171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous importance of cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic agent, its application is impacted by dose-limiting side effects and lack of selectivity for cancer cells. Researchers can overcome these issues by taking advantage of the pro-drug nature of the platinum(IV) oxidation state, and by modifying the coordination sphere of the metal centre with specific vectors whose receptors are overexpressed in tumour cell membranes (e.g., carbohydrates). In this paper we report the synthesis of four novel carbohydrate-modified Pt(IV) pro-drugs, based on the cisplatin scaffold, and their biological activity against osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumour which is most common in adolescents and young adults. The carbohydrate-targeting vectors and Pt scaffold are linked using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry, which is synonymous with mild and robust reaction conditions. The novel complexes are characterised using multinuclear 1D-2D NMR (1H, 13C and 195Pt), IR, HR-MS, Elem. Analyses, and CV. Cytotoxicity on 2D and 3D and cell morphology studies on OS cell lines, as well as non-cancerous human foetal osteoblasts (hFOBs), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council (CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council (CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies "G. D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Rossi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council (CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council (CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Eithne Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council (CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
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5
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Aputen AD, Elias MG, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Gordon CP, Scott KF, Aldrich-Wright JR. Bioactive Platinum(IV) Complexes Incorporating Halogenated Phenylacetates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207120. [PMID: 36296713 PMCID: PMC9611758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of cytotoxic platinum(IV) complexes (1-8) incorporating halogenated phenylacetic acid derivatives (4-chlorophenylacetic acid, 4-fluorophenylacetic acid, 4-bromophenylacetic acid and 4-iodophenylacetic acid) were synthesised and characterised using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Complexes 1-8 were assessed on a panel of cell lines including HT29 colon, U87 glioblastoma, MCF-7 breast, A2780 ovarian, H460 lung, A431 skin, Du145 prostate, BE2-C neuroblastoma, SJ-G2 glioblastoma, MIA pancreas, the ADDP-resistant ovarian variant, and the non-tumour-derived MCF10A breast line. The in vitro cytotoxicity results confirmed the superior biological activity of the studied complexes, especially those containing 4-fluorophenylacetic acid and 4-bromophenylacetic acid ligands, namely 4 and 6, eliciting an average GI50 value of 20 nM over the range of cell lines tested. In the Du145 prostate cell line, 4 exhibited the highest degree of potency amongst the derivatives, displaying a GI50 value of 0.7 nM, which makes it 1700-fold more potent than cisplatin (1200 nM) and nearly 7-fold more potent than our lead complex, 56MESS (4.6 nM) in this cell line. Notably, in the ADDP-resistant ovarian variant cell line, 4 (6 nM) was found to be almost 4700-fold more potent than cisplatin. Reduction reaction experiments were also undertaken, along with studies aimed at determining the complexes' solubility, stability, lipophilicity, and reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico D. Aputen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Maria George Elias
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | | | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-246203218
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6
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Aputen AD, Elias MG, Gilbert J, Sakoff JA, Gordon CP, Scott KF, Aldrich-Wright JR. Potent Chlorambucil-Platinum(IV) Prodrugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810471. [PMID: 36142383 PMCID: PMC9499463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-alkylating derivative chlorambucil was coordinated in the axial position to atypical cytotoxic, heterocyclic, and non-DNA coordinating platinum(IV) complexes of type, [PtIV(HL)(AL)(OH)2](NO3)2 (where HL is 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline or 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, AL is 1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane). The resultant platinum(IV)-chlorambucil prodrugs, PCLB, 5CLB, and 56CLB, were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet-visible, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The prodrugs displayed remarkable antitumor potential across multiple human cancer cell lines compared to chlorambucil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, as well as their platinum(II) precursors, PHENSS, 5MESS, and 56MESS. Notably, 56CLB was exceptionally potent in HT29 colon, Du145 prostate, MCF10A breast, MIA pancreas, H460 lung, A2780, and ADDP ovarian cell lines, with GI50 values ranging between 2.7 and 21 nM. Moreover, significant production of reactive oxygen species was detected in HT29 cells after treatment with PCLB, 5CLB, and 56CLB up to 72 h compared to chlorambucil and the platinum(II) and (IV) precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelico D. Aputen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Maria George Elias
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | | | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-246203218
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7
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Bazin D, Reguer S, Vantelon D, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Frochot V, Daudon M, Esteve E, Colboc H. XANES spectroscopy for the clinician. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Spector DV, Erofeev AS, Gorelkin PV, Vaneev AN, Akasov RA, Ul'yanovskiy NV, Nikitina VN, Semkina AS, Vlasova KY, Soldatov MA, Trigub AL, Skvortsov DA, Finko AV, Zyk NV, Sakharov DA, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK, Krasnovskaya OO. Electrochemical Detection of a Novel Pt(IV) Prodrug with the Metronidazole Axial Ligand in the Hypoxic Area. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14705-14717. [PMID: 36047922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a Pt(IV) prodrug with metronidazole in axial positions Pt-Mnz. The nitroaromatic axial ligand was conjugated with a cisplatin scaffold to irreversibly reduce under hypoxic conditions, thereby retaining the Pt(IV) prodrug in the area of hypoxia. X-ray near-edge adsorption spectroscopy (XANES) on dried drug-preincubated tumor cell samples revealed a gradual release of cisplatin from the Pt-Mnz prodrug instead of rapid intracellular degradation. The ability of the prodrug to penetrate into three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cellular cultures was evaluated by a novel electrochemical assay via a platinum-coated carbon nanoelectrode, capable of single-cell measurements. Using a unique technique of electrochemical measurements in single tumor spheroids, we were able to both detect the real-time response of the axial ligand to hypoxia and establish the depth of penetration of the drug into the tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V Spector
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Petr V Gorelkin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander N Vaneev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Roman A Akasov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Ul'yanovskiy
- Core Facility Center "Arktika," Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Vita N Nikitina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alevtina S Semkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinskiy 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Kseniya Yu Vlasova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute Southern Federal University Sladkova, 178/24, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Alexander L Trigub
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurcha-tova pl.,1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Finko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Sakharov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.,Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga O Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1,3, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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9
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Advantageous Reactivity of Unstable Metal Complexes: Potential Applications of Metal-Based Anticancer Drugs for Intratumoral Injections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040790. [PMID: 35456624 PMCID: PMC9026487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injections of highly cytotoxic or immunomodulating drugs directly into the inoperable tumor is a procedure that is increasingly applied in the clinic and uses established Pt-based drugs. It is advantageous for less stable anticancer metal complexes that fail administration by the standard intravenous route. Such hydrophobic metal-containing complexes are rapidly taken up into cancer cells and cause cell death, while the release of their relatively non-toxic decomposition products into the blood has low systemic toxicity and, in some cases, may even be beneficial. This concept was recently proposed for V(V) complexes with hydrophobic organic ligands, but it can potentially be applied to other metal complexes, such as Ti(IV), Ga(III) and Ru(III) complexes, some of which were previously unsuccessful in human clinical trials when administered via intravenous injections. The potential beneficial effects include antidiabetic, neuroprotective and tissue-regenerating activities for V(V/IV); antimicrobial activities for Ga(III); and antimetastatic and potentially immunogenic activities for Ru(III). Utilizing organic ligands with limited stability under biological conditions, such as Schiff bases, further enhances the tuning of the reactivities of the metal complexes under the conditions of intratumoral injections. However, nanocarrier formulations are likely to be required for the delivery of unstable metal complexes into the tumor.
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10
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Ravera M, Gabano E, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs: dogmas, paradigms, and realities. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2121-2134. [PMID: 35015025 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(II)-based drugs are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors, especially in combination protocols. Severe side effects and occurrence of resistance are the major limitations to their clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, a plethora of Pt(IV) derivatives, acting as anticancer prodrugs, have been designed, synthesized and preclinically (often only in vitro) tested. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development and understanding of the chemical properties and biochemical features of these Pt(IV) prodrugs, especially those containing bioactive molecules as axial ligands, acting as multi-functional agents. Even though no such prodrugs have been yet approved for clinical use, many show encouraging pharmacological profiles. Thus, a better understanding of their features is a promising approach towards improving the available Pt-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
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11
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Bolitho E, Sanchez-Cano C, Shi H, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Single-Cell Chemistry of Photoactivatable Platinum Anticancer Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20224-20240. [PMID: 34808054 PMCID: PMC8662725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) prodrug trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)2] (Pt1) and its coumarin derivative trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)(coumarin-3-carboxylate)] (Pt2) are promising agents for photoactivated chemotherapy. These complexes are inert in the dark but release Pt(II) species and radicals upon visible light irradiation, resulting in photocytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Here, we have used synchrotron techniques to investigate the in-cell behavior of these prodrugs and visualize, for the first time, changes in cellular morphology and Pt localization upon treatment with and without light irradiation. We show that photoactivation of Pt2 induces remarkable cellular damage with extreme alterations to multiple cellular components, including formation of vacuoles, while also significantly increasing the cellular accumulation of Pt species compared to dark conditions. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in cells treated with Pt2 indicate only partial reduction of the prodrug upon irradiation, highlighting that phototoxicity in cancer cells may involve not only Pt(II) photoproducts but also photoexcited Pt(IV) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
M. Bolitho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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12
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Xu Z, Wang Z, Deng Z, Zhu G. Recent advances in the synthesis, stability, and activation of platinum(IV) anticancer prodrugs. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Qiao X, Gao YY, Zheng LX, Ding XJ, Xu LW, Hu JJ, Gao WZ, Xu JY. Targeting ROS-AMPK pathway by multiaction Platinum(IV) prodrugs containing hypolipidemic drug bezafibrate. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113730. [PMID: 34388483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism, commonly disregarded in the past, have been accepted as a hallmark for cancer. Exploring cancer therapeutics that interrupt the lipid metabolic pathways by monotherapy or combination with conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy is of great importance. Here we modified cisplatin with an FDA-approved hypolipidemic drug, bezafibrate (BEZ), via the well-established Pt(IV) strategy, affording two multi-functional Pt(IV) anticancer agents cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(BEZ)(OH)] (CB) and cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(BEZ)2] (CP) (BEZ = bezafibrate). The Pt(IV) prodrug CB exhibited an enhanced anticancer activity up to 187-fold greater than the clinical anticancer drug cisplatin. Both CB and CP had less toxicity to normal cells, showing higher efficacies and superior therapeutic indexes than cisplatin. Mechanism studies revealed that the bezafibrate-conjugated Pt(IV) complex CB, as a representative, could massively accumulate in A549 cells and genomic DNA, induce DNA damage, elevate intracellular ROS levels, perturb mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, activate the cellular metabolic sensor AMPK, and result in profound proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Further cellular data also provided evidence that phosphorylation of AMPK, as a metabolic sensor, could suppress the downstream HMGB1, NF-κB, and VEGFA, which may contribute to the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Our study suggests that the antitumor action of CB and CP mechanistically distinct from the conventional platinum drugs and that functionalizing platinum-based agents with lipid-modulating agents may represent a novel practical strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yu-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li-Xia Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ding
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ling-Wen Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Juan-Juan Hu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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14
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Leal J, Santos L, Fernández-Aroca DM, Cuevas JV, Martínez MA, Massaguer A, Jalón FA, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Sánchez-Prieto R, Rodríguez AM, Castañeda G, Durá G, Carrión MC, Barrabés S, Manzano BR. Effect of the aniline fragment in Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes as anti-proliferative agents. Standard reduction potential as a more reliable parameter for Pt(IV) compounds than peak reduction potential. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111403. [PMID: 33730639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problems of resistance and side effects associated with cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs have boosted research aimed at finding new compounds with improved properties. The use of platinum(IV) prodrugs is one alternative, although there is some controversy regarding the predictive ability of the peak reduction potentials. In the work described here a series of fourteen chloride Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds was synthesised and fully characterised. The compounds contain different bidentate arylazole heterocyclic ligands. Their cytotoxic properties against human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast carcinoma (MCF7) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116 and HT29) cell lines were studied. A clear relationship between the type of ligand and the anti-proliferative properties was found, with the best results obtained for the Pt(II) compound that contains an aniline fragment, (13), thus evidencing a positive effect of the NH2 group. Stability and aquation studies in DMSO, DMF and DMSO/water mixtures were carried out on the active complexes and an in-depth analysis of the two aquation processes, including DFT analysis, of 13 was undertaken. It was verified that DNA was the target and that cell death occurred by apoptosis in the case of 13. Furthermore, the cytotoxic derivatives did not exhibit haemolytic activity. The reduction of the Pt(IV) compounds whose Pt(II) congeners were active was studied by several techniques. It was concluded that the peak reduction potential was not useful to predict the ability for reduction. However, a correlation between the cytotoxic activity and the standard reduction potential was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Leal
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucia Santos
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Diego M Fernández-Aroca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Vicente Cuevas
- Universidad de Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - M Angeles Martínez
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Felix A Jalón
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Laboratorio de Oncología, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas De Madrid Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad asociada al CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carrión
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Departamento de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, IRICA, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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15
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Lovett JH, Harris HH. Application of X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence techniques to the study of metallodrug action. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 61:135-142. [PMID: 33548877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy are two synchrotron-based techniques frequently deployed either individually or in tandem to investigate the fates of metallodrugs and their biotransformation products in physiologically relevant sample material. These X-ray methods confer advantages over other analytical techniques in that they are nondestructive and require minimal chemical or physical manipulation of the sample before analysis, conserving both chemical and spatial information of the element(s) under investigation. In this review, we present selected examples of the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy in studies of metallodrug speciation and localisation in vivo, in cell spheroids and in intact tissues and organs, and offer recent highlights in the advances of these techniques as they pertain to research on metallodrug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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16
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Xu Z, Tang WK, Zhou Q, Chen S, Siu CK, Zhu G. On the hydrolytic stability of unsymmetric platinum(iv) anticancer prodrugs containing axial halogens. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolytic stability of Pt(iv) complexes is determined by all the six ligands that coordinate to the Pt(iv) center. By appropriately choosing all the ligands during the design of Pt(iv) prodrugs, the stability of Pt(iv) prodrugs can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR 999077
- People's Republic of China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute
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17
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Anthony EJ, Bolitho EM, Bridgewater HE, Carter OWL, Donnelly JM, Imberti C, Lant EC, Lermyte F, Needham RJ, Palau M, Sadler PJ, Shi H, Wang FX, Zhang WY, Zhang Z. Metallodrugs are unique: opportunities and challenges of discovery and development. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12888-12917. [PMID: 34123239 PMCID: PMC8163330 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals play vital roles in nutrients and medicines and provide chemical functionalities that are not accessible to purely organic compounds. At least 10 metals are essential for human life and about 46 other non-essential metals (including radionuclides) are also used in drug therapies and diagnostic agents. These include platinum drugs (in 50% of cancer chemotherapies), lithium (bipolar disorders), silver (antimicrobials), and bismuth (broad-spectrum antibiotics). While the quest for novel and better drugs is now as urgent as ever, drug discovery and development pipelines established for organic drugs and based on target identification and high-throughput screening of compound libraries are less effective when applied to metallodrugs. Metallodrugs are often prodrugs which undergo activation by ligand substitution or redox reactions, and are multi-targeting, all of which need to be considered when establishing structure-activity relationships. We focus on early-stage in vitro drug discovery, highlighting the challenges of evaluating anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral metallo-pharmacophores in cultured cells, and identifying their targets. We highlight advances in the application of metal-specific techniques that can assist the preclinical development, including synchrotron X-ray spectro(micro)scopy, luminescence, and mass spectrometry-based methods, combined with proteomic and genomic (metallomic) approaches. A deeper understanding of the behavior of metals and metallodrugs in biological systems is not only key to the design of novel agents with unique mechanisms of action, but also to new understanding of clinically-established drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Hannah E Bridgewater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Oliver W L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jane M Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Edward C Lant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Russell J Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Marta Palau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Zijin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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18
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Chen CKJ, Gui X, Kappen P, Renfrew AK, Hambley TW. The effect of charge on the uptake and resistance to reduction of platinum(IV) complexes in human serum and whole blood models. Metallomics 2020; 12:1599-1615. [PMID: 33084707 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
cis- and trans-Platinum(iv) complexes with diaminetetracarboxylate coordination spheres possess the highly desirable property of exhibiting unusual resistance to reduction by blood serum components and endogenous reductants such as ascorbate. At the same time they are rapidly reduced in the intracellular environment of cancer cells. Consequently, they can potentially be tuned to remain intact in vivo until arrival at the tumour target where they are rapidly reduced to yield the active platinum(ii) species. However, in order to achieve this, uptake must be largely restricted to tumour cells and therefore uptake by healthy cells including red blood cells must be prevented. In this proof of concept study, we report on the effect of net charge as a means of controlling the uptake by red blood cells. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy we found that modifying the net charge of the complex does not influence the rate of reduction of the complexes by an excess of ascorbate. Using XANES spectroscopy we found that modifying the net charge of the platinum(iv) complexes decreased the extent of reduction in whole blood, although probably not to the degree needed for the optimal delivery to tumours. Therefore, it is likely to be necessary to adopt higher charges and/or additional strategies to keep platinum(iv) prodrugs out of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Gui
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Kappen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna K Renfrew
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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