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Guo YY, Wang RD, Wei WM, Fang F, Wang L, Zhang SS, Zhang J, Du L, Zhao QH. Comparative Analysis of Proton Conductivity in Two Zn-Based MOFs Featuring Sulfate and Sulfonate Functional Groups. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3870-3881. [PMID: 38356223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promising potential as proton-conducting materials due to their tunable structures and high porosity. In this study, two novel MOFs had been successfully synthesized, one containing sulfate groups (MOF-1; [Zn4(TIPE)2(SO4)4(H2O)]·5H2O) and the other containing sulfonate groups (MOF-2; [Zn2(TIPE)(5-sip)(NO3)0.66]·0.34NO3·17.5H2O) (TIPE = 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)ethene, H35-sip = 5-sulfoisophthalicacid), and the effect of the two groups on the proton conductivity of Zn-based MOFs had been investigated and compared for the first time. The proton conductivity of these MOFs was systematically measured at different temperatures and humidity conditions. Remarkably, the results revealed significant differences in proton conductivity between the two sets of MOFs. At 90 °C and 98% RH, MOF-1 and MOF-2 achieved optimal proton conductivity of 4.48 × 10-3 and 5.69 × 10-2 S·cm-1, respectively. This was due to the structural differences arising from the presence of different functional groups, which subsequently affected the porosity and hydrophilicity, thereby influencing the proton conductivity. Overall, this comparative study revealed the influence of sulfate and sulfonate groups on the proton conductivity of Zn-based MOFs. This research provided a feasible idea for the development of advanced MOF materials with enhanced proton conductivity and opened up new possibilities for their application in proton devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo-Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- New Energy Photovoltaic Industry Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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Szufla M, Krawczuk A, Jajko G, Kozyra P, Matoga D. Flattening of a Bent Sulfonated MOF Linker: Impact on Structures, Flexibility, Gas Adsorption, CO 2/N 2 Selectivity, and Proton Conduction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:151-162. [PMID: 38117683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of organic building blocks provides opportunities to control and tune various physicochemical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including gas handling, proton conduction, and structural flexibility, the latter of which is responsible for new adsorption phenomena and often superior properties compared to rigid porous materials. In this work, we report synthesis, crystal structures, gas adsorption, and proton conduction for a flexible two-dimensional cadmium-based MOF (JUK-13-SO3H-SO2) containing a new sulfonated 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate) linker with a blocking SO2 bridge. This two-dimensional (2D) MOF is compared in detail with a previously reported three-dimensional Cd-MOF (JUK-13-SO3H), based on analogous, but nonflat, SO2-free sulfonated dicarboxylate. The comprehensive structure-property relationships and the detailed comparisons with insights into the networks flexibility are supported by five guest-dependent structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), and corroborated by spectroscopy (IR, 1H NMR), powder XRD, and elemental/thermogravimetric analyses, as well as by volumetric adsorption measurements (for N2, CO2, H2O), ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST), density-functional theory (DFT+D) quantum chemical and grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) calculations, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Whereas both dynamic MOFs show moderate proton conductivity values, they exhibit excellent CO2/N2 selectivity related to the capture of CO2 from flue gases (IAST coefficients for 15:85 mixtures are equal to ca. 250 at 1 bar and 298 K). The presence of terminal sulfonate groups in both MOFs, introduced using a unique prechlorosulfonation strategy, is responsible for their hydrophilicity and water-assisted proton transport ability. The dynamic nature of the MOFs results in the appearance of breathing-type adsorption isotherms that exhibit large hysteresis loops (for CO2 and H2O) attributed to strong host-guest interactions. Theoretical modeling provides information about the adsorption mechanism and supports interpretation of experimental CO2 adsorption isotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szufla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Krawczuk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Jajko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kozyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Szufla M, Choroś A, Nitek W, Matoga D. A Porous Sulfonated 2D Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework as a Robust Platform for Proton Conduction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200835. [PMID: 35510822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
By using the strategy of pre-assembly chlorosulfonation applied to a linker precursor, the first sulfonated zirconium metal-organic framework (JUK-14) with two-dimensional (2D) structure, was synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the material is built of Zr6 O4 (OH)4 (COO)8 oxoclusters, doubly 4-connected by angular dicarboxylates, and stacked in layers spaced 1.5 nm apart by the presence of sulfonic groups. JUK-14 exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability, permanent porosity confirmed by gas adsorption studies, and shows high (>10-4 S/cm) and low (<10-8 S/cm) proton conductivity under humidified and anhydrous conditions, respectively. Post-synthesis inclusion of imidazole improves the overall conductivity increasing it to 1.7×10-3 S/cm at 60 °C and 90 % relative humidity, and by 3 orders of magnitude at 160 °C. The combination of 2D porous nature with robustness of zirconium MOFs offers new opportunities for exploration of the material towards energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szufla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Choroś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Poland
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4
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Kościelniak P, Dębosz M, Wieczorek M, Migdalski J, Szufla M, Matoga D, Kochana J. The Use of an Acylhydrazone-Based Metal-Organic Framework in Solid-Contact Potassium-Selective Electrode for Water Analysis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020579. [PMID: 35057298 PMCID: PMC8781722 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A solid-contact ion-selective electrode was developed for detecting potassium in environmental water. Two versions of a stable cadmium acylhydrazone-based metal organic framework, i.e., JUK-13 and JUK-13_H2O, were used for the construction of the mediation layer. The potentiometric and electrochemical characterizations of the proposed electrodes were carried out. The implementation of the JUK-13_H2O interlayer is shown to improve the potentiometric response and stability of measured potential. The electrode exhibits a good Nernstian slope (56.30 mV/decade) in the concentration range from 10−5 to 10−1 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.1 µmol L−1. The long-term potential stability shows a small drift of 0.32 mV h−1 over 67 h. The electrode displays a good selectivity comparable to ion-selective electrodes with the same membrane. The K-JUK-13_H2O-ISE was successfully applied for the determination of potassium in three certified reference materials of environmental water with great precision (RSD < 3.00%) and accuracy (RE < 3.00%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Dębosz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Marcin Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Migdalski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Szufla
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Jolanta Kochana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
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5
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Li J, Yi M, Zhang L, You Z, Liu X, Li* B. Energy related ion transports in coordination polymers. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Mao Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Laiyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Zifeng You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xiongli Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Baiyan Li*
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
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Lupa M, Kozyra P, Jajko G, Matoga D. Trojan Horse Thiocyanate: Induction and Control of High Proton Conductivity in CPO-27/MOF-74 Metal-Organic Frameworks by Metal Selection and Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Dosing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29820-29826. [PMID: 34137584 PMCID: PMC8289229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proton-conducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining attention for their role as solid-state electrolytes in various devices for energy conversion and storage. Here, we present a convenient strategy for inducing and tuning of superprotonic conductivity in MOFs with open metal sites via postsynthetic incorporation of charge carriers enabled by solvent-free mechanochemistry and anion coordination. This scalable approach is demonstrated using a series of CPO-27/MOF-74 [M2(dobdc); M = Mg2+, Zn2+, Ni2+; dobdc = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate] materials loaded with various stoichiometric amounts of NH4SCN. The modified materials are not achievable by conventional immersion in solutions. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, supported by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, provide structures of the modified MOFs including positions of inserted ions inside the [001] channels. Despite the same type and concentration of proton carriers, the MOFs can be arranged in the increasing order of conductivity (Ni < Zn < Mg), which strongly correlates with amounts of water vapor adsorbed. We conclude that the proton conductivity of CPO-27 materials can be controlled over a few orders of magnitude by metal selection and mechanochemical dosing of ammonium thiocyanate. The dosing of a solid is shown for the first time as a useful, simple, and ecological method for the control of material conductivity.
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7
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Liu XT, Wang BC, Hao BB, Zhang CX, Wang QL. Dual-functional coordination polymers with high proton conduction behaviour and good luminescence properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8718-8726. [PMID: 34075984 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two coordination polymers, [M(5-hip)(H2O)3]n (M = Cd2+ (1), Zn2+ (2), 5-hip = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structure reveals that complexes 1 and 2 have 1D chain structures by the coordination of metal ions and 5-hip. 1D chains are connected by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D structure. AC impedance analysis shows that the proton conductivity of complexes 1 and 2 comes up to 1.58 × 10-3 S cm-1 (98%RH, 343 K) and 5.27 × 10-4 S cm-1 (98%RH, 353 K), respectively. To further improve the proton conductivity, a hybrid membrane was prepared by the solution casting method with complexes as fillers and sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as the organic matrix. The proton conductivity of hybrid membranes 1@SPEEK-5 and 2@SPEEK-5 is 1.97 and 1.58 times higher than that of pure SPEEK membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the two complexes are excellent fluorescent sensors, which could detect Cr2O72- in aqueous solution with high sensitivity and selectivity. Both of them have low detection limits for Cr2O72- in aqueous solution, where the detection limit of complex 1 is 0.8 μM and that of complex 2 is 1 μM. The above work demonstrates that the two complexes are dual-functional materials with high proton conduction and good fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Bin-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Biao-Biao Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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8
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Roztocki K, Rauche M, Bon V, Kaskel S, Brunner E, Matoga D. Combining In Situ Techniques (XRD, IR, and 13C NMR) and Gas Adsorption Measurements Reveals CO 2-Induced Structural Transitions and High CO 2/CH 4 Selectivity for a Flexible Metal-Organic Framework JUK-8. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28503-28513. [PMID: 34101414 PMCID: PMC8289234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials in gas-related technologies. Adjusting the material to processes requires understanding of the flexibility mechanism and its influence on the adsorption properties. Herein, we present the mechanistic understanding of CO2-induced pore-opening transitions of the water-stable MOF JUK-8 ([Zn(oba)(pip)]n, oba2- = 4,4'-oxybis(benzenedicarboxylate), pip = 4-pyridyl-functionalized benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide) as well as its potential applicability in gas purification. Detailed insights into the global structural transformation and subtle local MOF-adsorbate interactions are obtained by three in situ techniques (XRD, IR, and 13CO2-NMR). These results are further supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis of the solvated and guest-free phases. High selectivity toward carbon dioxide derived from the single-gas adsorption experiments of CO2 (195 and 298 K), Ar (84 K), O2 (90 K), N2 (77 K), and CH4 (298 K) is confirmed by high-pressure coadsorption experiments of the CO2/CH4 (75:25 v/v) mixture at different temperatures (288, 293, and 298 K) and in situ NMR studies of the coadsorption of 13CO2/13CH4 (50:50 v/v; 195 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornel Roztocki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcus Rauche
- Chair
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Nandi S, Wang S, Wahiduzzaman M, Yadav V, Taksande K, Maurin G, Serre C, Devautour-Vinot S. Multivariate Sulfonic-Based Titanium Metal-Organic Frameworks as Super-protonic Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20194-20200. [PMID: 33885276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The proton-conducting performances of a microporous Ti-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MIP-207, were successfully tuned using a multicomponent ligand replacement strategy to gradually introduce a controlled amount of sulfonic acid groups as a source of Brönsted acidic sites while keeping the robustness and ecofriendly synthesis conditions of the starting material. Typically, multivariate sulfonic-based solids MIP-207-(SO3H-IPA)x-(BTC)1-x were prepared by combining various ratios of trimesate 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) moieties and 5-SO3H-isophthalate (SO3H-IPA). The best sulfonic-MOF candidate that combines structural integrity with high proton conductivity values (e.g., σ = 2.6 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 363 K/95% relative humidity) was further investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. These calculations supported that the -SO3H groups act as proton donors and revealed that the proton transfer mechanism results from the solvation structure of protons through the fast Zundel/hydronium interconversion along the continuous H-bonded network connecting the adsorbed water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamapada Nandi
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sujing Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | | | - Vibhav Yadav
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Kiran Taksande
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Government of Maharashtra's Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 411060, India
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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