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Xie Z, Huang M, Xu W, Liu F, Huang D. USP18 Curbs the Progression of Metabolic Hypertension by Suppressing JAK/STAT Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:576-586. [PMID: 38691302 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a pathological state of the metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Managing hypertension is challenging, and we aimed to identify the pathogenic factors and discern therapeutic targets for metabolic hypertension (MHR). An MHR rat model was established with the combined treatment of a high-sugar, high-fat diet and ethanol. Histopathological observations were performed using hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius Red staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed genes. The role of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) in the proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of HUVECs was explored using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Moreover, USP18 downstream signaling pathways in MHR were screened, and the effects of USP18 on these signaling pathways were investigated by western blotting. In the MHR model, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels increased, while high-density lipoprotein levels decreased. Moreover, high vessel thickness and percentage of collagen were noted along with increased malondialdehyde, decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. The staining results showed that the MHR model exhibited an irregular aortic intima and disordered smooth muscle cells. There were 78 differentially expressed genes in the MHR model, and seven hub genes, including USP18, were identified. USP18 overexpression facilitated proliferation and reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HUVECs treated with Ang in vitro. In addition, the JAK/STAT pathway was identified as a USP18 downstream signaling pathway, and USP18 overexpression inhibited the expression of JAK/STAT pathway-related proteins. Conclusively, USP18 restrained MHR progression by promoting cell proliferation, reversing apoptosis and oxidative stress, and suppressing the JAK/STAT pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Rats
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Janus Kinases/metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- STAT Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Dadao, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Mingshan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Dadao, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Dadao, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Dadao, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Dadao, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
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Du Y, Su J, Yan M, Wang Q, Wang T, Gao S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Lv G, Yu J. Polymethoxyflavones in citrus extract has a beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemia rats by promoting liver cholesterol metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117644. [PMID: 38135227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia is characterized by the disorder of lipid metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress damage, and low-grade inflammation, with the pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic are an important triggering mechanism. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are the active constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, which have many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, anti-obesity, suppressing adipogenesis in adipocytes, and ameliorate type 2 diabetes, with potential roles for regulation of lipid metabolism. However, its associated mechanisms on hyperlipidemia remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the anti-hypercholesterolemia effects and mechanisms of PMFs in a hypercholesterolemia model triggered by high-fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hypercholesterolemia rat model was induced by HFD, and PMFs was intragastric administered at 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 16 weeks. The effects of PMFs on hypercholesterolemia were assessed using serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress levels. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat liver. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acid (TBA) in the liver and feces were determined to evaluate lipid metabolism. RAW264.7 and BRL cells loaded with NBD-cholesterol were used to simulate the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process in vitro. The signaling pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic was evaluated by Western Blotting (WB) and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress injury, and low-grade inflammation in model rats were ameliorated by PMFs administration. Numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets in hepatocytes were markedly reduced. In vitro experiments results revealed decreased NBD-cholesterol levels in RAW264.7 cells and increased NBD-cholesterol levels in BRL cells following PMFs intervention. PMFs upregulated the expression of proteins associated with the RCT pathway, such as LXRα, ABCA1, LDLR, and SR-BI, thereby promoting TC entry into the liver. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol metabolism and efflux pathways such as CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP7B1, ABCG5/8, ABCB1, and BSEP were regulated, thereby promoting cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, PMFs treatment regulated the expression of proteins related to the pathway of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, such as ASBT, OSTα, NTCP, FXR, FGF15, and FGFR4, thereby maintaining lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS PMFs might ameliorate hypercholesterolemia by promoting the entry of cholesterol into the liver through the RCT pathway, followed by excretion via metabolism pathways of cholesterol and bile acid. These findings provide a promising therapeutic potential for PMFs to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030607, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Su Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yajuan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Song Q, Cheng SW, Zou J, Li KSL, Cheng H, Wai Lau DT, Han Q, Yang X, Shaw PC, Zuo Z. Role of gut microbiota on regulation potential of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo in metabolic syndrome: In-vitro fermentation screening and in-vivo verification in db/db mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117437. [PMID: 37981116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (DEN) is a traditional medicine in China since Han dynasty. Decoction of its stem is often used in the treatment of Type-II diabetes (T2D), which is a typical metabolic disease accompanied with the impaired metabolic function of blood glucose and lipid. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to investigate the role of gut microbiota in differentiating DEN from different sources and its related pathway in the alleviation of metabolic syndromes induced by T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extracts of four commercially available Dendrobium (DEN-1∼4) were prepared and screened through an in-vitro fermentation system. Based on their alterations in monosaccharide composition and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) formation during fermentation with db/db faecal fluid, one DEN extract was selected for further in vivo verification. The selected Dendrobium (DEN-4) was orally administered to db/db mice for 16 days once daily at the dosage of 200 mg/kg followed by evaluating its effect on blood glucose level, liver function and intestinal microenvironment including alterations of intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition. In addition, liver metabolomics analysis was employed to reveal the related metabolic pathways. RESULTS Different extent of SCFA formation and utilization of monosaccharides were observed for the extracts of four DEN from different sources with a negative correlation between SCFA level and the ratio of Utilized glucose/Utilized mannose observed in the in-vitro fermentation system with db/db faecal fluid. DEN-4 with the highest SCFA formation during the in-vitro fermentation was selected and exhibited significantly hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice with the alleviation of hepatic steatosis and impaired lipid homeostasis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that orally administered DEN-4 could improve the intestinal integrity of db/db mice via elevating their tight junction protein (ZO-1 and Occludin) expression in the colon and improve the diversity of gut microbiota with enhanced formation of SCFA. Moreover, metabolomics and KEGG pathway analysis of liver tissues suggested that the alleviated metabolic syndrome in db/db mice by DEN-4 might possibly be achieved through activation of PPAR pathway. CONCLUSION Our current study not only revealed the potential of gut microbiota in differentiating DEN from different sources, but also demonstrated that DEN exhibited its beneficial effect on the T2D induced metabolic syndrome possibly through enhancement of intestinal integrity and activation of PPAR pathway via gut-liver axis in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sau Wan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Junju Zou
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kendra Sek Lam Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - David Tai Wai Lau
- School of Life Sciences and Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Life Sciences and Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Xiaohu J, Su G, Yuying Z, Simin C, Wenyan W, Jingjing Y, Meiqiu Y, Jing L, Jie S, Suhong C, Guiyuan L. Traditional Chinese Medicine formula Wubi Shanyao Pills protects against reproductive aging by activating SIRT1/3 to reduce apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116976. [PMID: 37524234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The study of male reproductive aging and its associated concerns holds significant importance within the realm of health issues affecting the elderly population. Wubi Shanyao Pills (WSP), a traditional Chinese patent medicine originating from the Tang Dynasty, has been recognized for its ability to enhance male sexual functions while also tonifying the kidney and spleen. Nevertheless, the precise effects and underlying mechanisms through which WSP ameliorates the decline in reproductive function among aging men remain uncertain. AIM OF THE STUDY This study elucidated the distinctive impacts of WSP on ameliorating the decline in reproductive function caused by natural aging, as well as its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, male mice at the age of 15 months were administered WSP orally at doses of 0.375, 0.75, and 1.50 g/kg per day for a duration of 8 consecutive weeks. The impact of WSP on age-related manifestations in naturally aging mice was assessed based on their behavioral performance. The renal function of the mice was evaluated by measuring serum biochemical indicators, including Creatinine (CR), Uric acid (UA), and Blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Additionally, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in renal tissue were determined using applied chemistry methods. Then assessed the levels of Nitric oxide (NO), Total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS), Guanosine cyclase (GC), and Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the penile tissue, as well as the expression of Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Guanylate Cyclase Activator (GUCA) protein, in order to investigate the erectile function of the penis. Additionally, the quality of epididymal sperm was examined using an electron microscope. Furthermore, the serum sex hormone level and related protein expression were determined through the utilization of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry techniques. Pathological alterations and the ultrastructure of the testis were investigated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the testes was assessed employing TUNEL, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The administration of WSP has been found to enhance the behavioral performance and sexual behavior in aged mice. It's also could increase in serum levels of CR, UA, and BUN, as well as the elevation of SOD activity in kidney tissue, which subsequently leads to a reduction in MDA levels and an improvement in the structural damage caused by aging in the kidney tissue. Consequently, the renal function is enhanced. Additionally, WSP has been observed to elevate the levels of NO, T-NOS, GC, and cGMP in penile tissue, along with an increase in eNOS and GUCA protein expression, indicating an improvement in penile erectile function. The administration of WSP resulted in a decrease in the occurrence of programmed cell death in testicular germ cells, leading to an enhancement in sperm quality and the overall function of testicular spermatogenesis. This improvement can be attributed to the modulation of hormone levels and the regulation of SIRT1/3, p53, FOXO3, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicate that the administration of WSP has the potential to impede the occurrence of programmed cell death in testicular cells by modulating the expression of SIRT1/3 and subsequent genes associated with apoptosis. Consequently, this regulatory mechanism facilitates the proliferation of testicular cells and sustains the spermatogenic function of the testes. Consequently, by modulating the levels of sexual hormones in naturally aging mice, WSP ultimately enhances the quality of sperm and reproductive function. Concurrently, it also ameliorates age-related behavioral changes, renal function, and erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiaohu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Gao Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Yuying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen Simin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wu Wenyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu Jingjing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Meiqiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Liu Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Su Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chen Suhong
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Lv Guiyuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhu X, Hua Y. Chemical Constituents, Bioactivities, and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale: A Review of the Past Decade. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14870-14889. [PMID: 37800982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale, a plant in the Orchidaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Sweet and slightly cold in nature, it can invigorate the stomach, promote fluid production, nourish Yin, and dissipate heat. Over the past decade, more than 60 compounds have been derived from D. officinale, including flavonoids, bibenzyl, and phenanthrene. Various studies have explored the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds, which have shown antitumor, hypoglycemic, hypertensive, gastrointestinal-regulatory, visceral organ protection, antiaging, and neurorestorative effects. This paper presents a systematic review of the structural classification, biological activity, and pharmacological mechanisms of different chemical components obtained from D. officinale over the past decade. This review aims to provide a reference for future study and establish a foundation for clinical applications. Furthermore, this review identifies potential shortcomings in current research as well as potential directions and methodologies in future plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xingyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yunfen Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Chen A, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota in heart failure and related interventions. IMETA 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38867928 PMCID: PMC10989798 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a sophisticated syndrome with structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, either causing symptoms and signs or being asymptomatic. HF is a major global health issue affecting about 64.3 million people worldwide. The gut microbiota refers to the complex ecosystem of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, in the gut. Studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is associated with many diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases. The gut hypothesis of HF suggests that low cardiac output and systemic circulation congestion would cause insufficient intestinal perfusion, leading to ischemia and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The resulting bacterial translocation would contribute to inflammation. Recent studies have refined the hypothesis that changes of metabolites in the gut microbiota have a close relationship with HF. Thus, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for HF due to both its critical role in regulating host physiology and metabolism and its pivotal role in the development of HF. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the gut microbiota's involvement in HF, including the introduction of the gut hypothesis of HF, its association with HF progression, the potential mechanisms involved mediated by the gut microbiota metabolites, and the impact of various interventions on the gut microbiota, including dietary interventions, probiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, and so on. While the gut hypothesis of HF is refined with up-to-date knowledge and the gut microbiota presents a promising target for HF therapy, further research is still needed to further understand the underlying mechanisms between gut microbiota and HF, the efficacy of these interventions, and contribute to the health of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Tian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular MedicationsNational Health CommitteeBeijingChina
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina
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Imig JD. Bioactive lipids in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:1-35. [PMID: 37236756 PMCID: PMC10918458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major healthcare issue that afflicts one in every three adults worldwide and contributes to cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality. Bioactive lipids contribute importantly to blood pressure regulation via actions on the vasculature, kidney, and inflammation. Vascular actions of bioactive lipids include blood pressure lowering vasodilation and blood pressure elevating vasoconstriction. Increased renin release by bioactive lipids in the kidney is pro-hypertensive whereas anti-hypertensive bioactive lipid actions result in increased sodium excretion. Bioactive lipids have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions that increase or decrease reactive oxygen species and impact vascular and kidney function in hypertension. Human studies provide evidence that fatty acid metabolism and bioactive lipids contribute to sodium and blood pressure regulation in hypertension. Genetic changes identified in humans that impact arachidonic acid metabolism have been associated with hypertension. Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 metabolites have pro-hypertensive and anti-hypertensive actions. Omega-3 fish oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are known to be anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular protective. Lastly, emerging fatty acid research areas include blood pressure regulation by isolevuglandins, nitrated fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids. Taken together, bioactive lipids are key contributors to blood pressure regulation and hypertension and their manipulation could decrease cardiovascular disease and associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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Yang Y, Wu C. The linkage of gut microbiota and the property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): Cold-natured and sweet-flavored TCMs as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116167. [PMID: 36641107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique medical theory based on an extensive clinical practice for thousands of years, which guides TCM doctors choosing proper medicines to treat specific diseases. The nature and flavor of TCM are a high generalization of drug's characteristics according to the property theory. Despite intensive investigations, the modern interpretation of TCM property theory still confronts several challenges, which greatly hampers the elucidation of TCM's mechanisms as well as its application. Compelling evidence has proved that gut microbiota may be a potential indicator for TCM's efficacy and mechanism. Nevertheless, at present, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the nature and flavor of TCM has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To fill the gap in this field, we developed a comprehensive study to investigate the relationship between gut microbial community and TCM's property. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched "PubMed" and "China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)" with the key word "gut microbiota", and screened the published articles related to TCM. In this review, we mainly applied cold-natured and sweet-flavored TCMs as an example to explore the modulation of cold-natured and sweet-flavored TCMs on gut microbiota, and identify the potential relationship between the alterations of gut microbiota and TCM's efficacy. RESULTS We found cold-natured and sweet-flavored TCMs possess several pharmacological activities and generally enrich beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which is in good accordance with their pharmacological effects. Simultaneously, these TCMs reduce the relative abundance of some harmful bacteria belonging to Firmicutes (Streptpcoccus, Enterococcus, Turicibacter, Anaerostipes and Oscillibacter) and Proteobacteria (Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Sutterella, Klebsiella, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni). These results indicate that there are some intrinsic correlations between gut microbiota and the property of TCM, and gut microbiota may serve as a potential indicator to reflect the property of TCM. CONCLUSIONS This pilot but comprehensive review provides an interesting proposal that the ancient theory of TCM property may be interpreted by the modern biological findings in gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chongming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Yang J, Kuang MT, Yang L, Huang W, Hu JM. Modern interpretation of the traditional application of Shihu - A comprehensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacology progress of Dendrobium officinale. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115912. [PMID: 36351476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "Shihu" has a long history of medicinal use in China from some species of Dendrobium. D. officinale is a major source of "Shihu" and is widely cultivated in south of China and listed separately as "Tiepi Shihu" by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in now time. Traditionally, D. officinale has been widely used in daily health care and the treatment of diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases. AIM OF THIS REVIEW In order to better develop and utilize D. officinale, we conducted this systematic review of previous studies, showed clear structure of all isolates from D. officinale together with pharmacological progress, hoping to provide references for further research and utilization. In addition, specific display of the chemical components and the research progress of related activities can help to better understand the traditional records and modern pharmaceutical applications of the plant medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of D. officinale was collected from various scientific databases including Web of Science, SciFinder, ACS, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and CNKI. RESULTS More than 180 compounds isolated from D. officinale, including bibenzyls, phenols, phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids and polysaccharides are listed in this review. Furthermore, modern pharmacological researches such as hypoglycemia, immune regulation, antioxidant, cardiovascular regulation and gastrointestinal protection are summarized. CONCLUSION Based on the summary of the research work of D. officinale, we systematically show the chemical composition of the plant, and concluded the relationship of those composition with plant habitat together with the relationship between the structure of chemical components and pharmacological activity. Moreover, we suggest that some of small molecule compounds could also be quality control of D. officinale besides polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Ting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; Bio-Innovation Center of DR PLANT, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Huang Q, Su J, Xu J, Yu H, Jin X, Wang Y, Yan M, Yu J, Chen S, Wang Y, Lv G. Beneficial effects of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen flower saponins in rats with metabolic hypertension by inhibiting the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through complement 3. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36653797 PMCID: PMC9847118 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic hypertension (MH) has become the most common type of hypertension in recent years due to unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles of people, such as over-eating alcohol, high fat, and sugar diets (ACHFSDs). Therefore, effective means to combat MH are needed. Previous studies have shown that Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen flower saponins (PNFS) can lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, whether it acts on MH and its mechanism of action remain unclear. METHODS: The pharmacodynamic effects of PNFS were evaluated in rats with ACHFSDs-induced MH. The blood pressure, blood biochemical, grip strength, face temperature, vertigo time, and liver index were estimated. The histological changes in the liver and aorta were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of ET-1, TXB2, NO, PGI2, Renin, ACE, Ang II, and ALD in plasma were detected using ELISA. The levels of C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin in kidney tissues were measured using qRT-PCR.The expression levels of C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin in kidney tissues were examined using Western blotting. RESULTS In the present study, PNFS was found to reduce blood pressure, face temperature, and vertigo time, increase grip strength and improve dyslipidemia in rats with MH. In addition, PNFS decreased the plasma levels of ET-1 and TXB2, elevated the levels of NO and PGI2, and improved pathological aortic injury. Meanwhile, PNFS decreased the plasma levels of Renin, ACE, Ang II, and ALD. QRT-PCR and Western bolt showed that PNFS downregulated C3, KLF5, LXRα, and Renin protein and mRNA expression in the kidneys of rats with MH. CONCLUSION The finding of the present study suggested that PNFS could downregulate C3 and KLF-5 expression in rats with MH, thereby inhibiting the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, while improving vascular endothelial function and ultimately reducing blood pressure in rats with MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Hu T, Wu Q, Yao Q, Jiang K, Yu J, Tang Q. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism and multiple effects on cardiovascular diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101706. [PMID: 35932976 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and fatty acid metabolism has been well studied. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been less discussed than long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, increasing evidence indicates the importance of SCFAs in regulating cardiac function. Here, we summarize the current understanding of SCFAs in hypertension, ischaemic reperfusion, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and heart failure. Most SCFAs exert positive effects in regulating related diseases. Butyrate and propionate can reduce blood pressure, improve I/R injury and decrease the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. Acetate can also play a positive role in regulating hypertension and preventing atherosclerosis, and malonate can improve cardiac function after MI. They affect these diseases by regulating inflammation, the immune system and related G protein-coupled receptors, with multiple neurohumoural regulation participation. In contrast, succinate can accelerate IR injury, increasing mitochondrial ROS production. SCFAs ultimately affect the regulation of different pathophysiological processes in heart failure. Here, we clarified the importance of short-chain fatty acids in the cardiovascular system and their multiple effects in various pathophysiological processes, providing new insights into their promising clinical application. More research should be conducted to further elucidate the underlying mechanism and different effects of single or multiple SCFA supplementation on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Kebing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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12
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Su J, Wang Y, Yan M, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu J, Li B, Xu W, Yu J, Chen S, Lv G. The beneficial effects of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. superfine powder on metabolic hypertensive rats via gut-derived LPS/TLR4 pathway inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154404. [PMID: 36075182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic hypertension (MH) is characterized by elevated blood pressure accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, with the gut-derived lipopolysaccharide/toll like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) pathway an important triggering mechanism. The conventional Chinese plant Polygonatum sibiricum Red. is traditionally used as a medicinal and edible food source. Currently, several studies have examined its anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions, with potential roles for MH treatment; however, specific P. sibiricum Red. roles in MH and associated mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to identify the effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum Red. superfine powder (PSP) in a MH rat model triggered by high sugar and high fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (ACHSFDs). METHODS A MH rat model was induced by ACHSFDs, and PSP was administered daily at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg doses, respectively. Firstly, the effects of PSP on MH were assessed using blood pressure, serum lipid, and lipid deposition assays in the liver. Changes in intestinal flora were detected by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, while metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and LPS levels were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat colon. d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels and tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression were also measured to assess intestinal barrier function. Also, aortic endothelial microstructures, serum endothelin 1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated to determine vascular endothelial function. Finally, the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in the aorta and gut was evaluated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Blood pressure and blood lipid metabolism disorders induced by ACHSFDs in MH rats were improved by PSP administration. Intestinal flora analyses revealed decreased SCFAs and LPS levels following PSP administration, which was accompanied by increased Streptococcus species levels and decreased Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio species levels. PSP increased SCFAs levels, and the expression of SCFAs receptors GPCR41 and GPCR43 in the colon. Meanwhile, the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as Claudin-1, occludin were upregulated in the ileum and colon, while TLR4 and MyD88 were downregulated, thereby strengthening intestinal barrier integrity and reducing serum LPS levels. Additionally, PSP treatment improved vascular endothelial function by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in vessels, improving vascular endothelial cell shedding, and regulating the NO and ET-1 balance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of PSP in our MH rat model. Based on gut microbiota structure modulation and intestinal barrier improvements, PSP inhibited LPS-induced vascular TLR4/MyD88 signaling activation to improve vascular endothelial function, which in turn reduced blood pressure. Our study provides valuable insights on PSP therapy for MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Xu J, Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021. Hypertension 2022; 79:2127-2137. [PMID: 35912645 PMCID: PMC9458621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a, and Olfr78 knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brittni N. Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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15
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Bioactivities and Mechanism of Actions of Dendrobium officinale: A Comprehensive Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6293355. [PMID: 36160715 PMCID: PMC9507758 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6293355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale has a long history of being consumed as a functional food and medicinal herb for preventing and managing diseases. The phytochemical studies revealed that Dendrobium officinale contained abundant bioactive compounds, such as bibenzyls, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The experimental studies showed that Dendrobium officinale and its bioactive compounds exerted multiple biological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulatory activities and showed various health benefits like anticancer, antidiabetes, cardiovascular protective, gastrointestinal modulatory, hepatoprotective, lung protective, and neuroprotective effects. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical studies, bioactivities, and the mechanism of actions of Dendrobium officinale, and the safety and current challenges are also discussed, which might provide new perspectives for its development of drug and functional food as well as clinical applications.
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Li B, Wang HY, Huang JH, Xu WF, Feng XJ, Xiong ZP, Dong YJ, Li LZ, He X, Wu HS, Zhang K, Su J, Yu QX, Jiang NH, Lv GY, Chen SH. Polysaccharide, the Active Component of Dendrobium officinale, Ameliorates Metabolic Hypertension in Rats via Regulating Intestinal Flora-SCFAs-Vascular Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935714. [PMID: 35899110 PMCID: PMC9310040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hypertension (MH) is the most common type of hypertension worldwide because of unhealthy lifestyles, such as excessive alcohol intake and high-sugar/high-fat diets (ACHSFDs), adopted by humans. Poor diets lead to a decrease in the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by intestinal flora and transferred by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), resulting in impaired gastrointestinal function, disrupted metabolic processes, increased blood pressure (BP), and ultimately, MH. It is not clear whether Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOPS) can mediate its effects by triggering the SCFAs-GPCR43/41 pathway. In this study, DOPS, with a content of 54.45 ± 4.23% and composition of mannose, glucose, and galacturonic acid at mass percentages of 61.28, 31.87, and 2.53%, was isolated from Dendrobium officinale. It was observed that DOPS, given to rats by intragastric administration after dissolution, could lower the BP and improve the abnormal lipid metabolic processes in ACHSFD-induced MH rats. Moreover, DOPS was found to increase the production, transportation, and utilization of SCFAs, while improving the intestinal flora and strengthening the intestinal barrier, as well as increasing the intestinal levels of SCFAs and the expression of GPCR43/41. Furthermore, DOPS improved vascular endothelial function by increasing the expression of GPCR41 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the aorta and the nitric oxide level in the serum. However, these effects were all reversed by antibiotic use. These findings indicate that DOPS is the active component of Dendrobium officinale, and it can reverse MH in rats by activating the intestinal SCFAs-GPCR43/41 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Lin-Zi Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Han-Song Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Xian Yu
- Zhejiang Senyu Co., Ltd, Yiwu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Xian Yu, ; Ning-Hua Jiang, ; Gui-Yuan Lv, ; Su-Hong Chen,
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Wang YJ, Su J, Yu JJ, Yan MQ, Shi ML, Huang QD, Li B, Wu WY, Xia RS, Li SF, Chen SH, Lv GY. Buddleoside-Rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract has a Beneficial Effect on Metabolic Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting the Enteric-Origin LPS/TLR4 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755140. [PMID: 34690786 PMCID: PMC8532163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of patients with metabolic hypertension (MH) is increasing, there is an essential require for global measures to prevent and treat MH. Flavonoids such as buddleoside (BUD) from Chrysanthemum indicum L. are the main pharmacological components of cardiovascular activities. Previous studies have suggested that the buddleoside-rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (BUDE) can reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, its effect on MH and how it works remains to be researched. In this study, it was observed that BUDE could lower blood pressure, improve dyslipidemia, and decrease the level of plasma LPS in MH rats. Moreover, BUDE improved intestinal flora and increased the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the colon, and improved the pathological injury of the colon. Western bolt and qRT-PCR experiments showed that BUDE could down-regulate TLR4 and MyD88 protein and mRNA expression and inhibit phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB p65 in vessels of MH rats. These results showed that BUDE could regulate intestinal flora, improve intestinal barrier function, reduce the production and penetration of LPS, thereby inhibiting the vascular TLR4/MyD88 pathway, improving vascular endothelial function, and ultimately lowering blood pressure in MH rats. This study provides a new mechanism of BUDE against MH by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qiu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Di Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Shuang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen W, Lu J, Zhang J, Wu J, Yu L, Qin L, Zhu B. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et. Migo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726528. [PMID: 34421620 PMCID: PMC8377736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale, a well-known plant used as a medicinal and food homologous product, has been reported to contain various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, and flavonoids. It is also widely used as a traditional medicine to strengthen “Yin”, nourish heart, tonify five viscera, remove arthralgia, relieve fatigue, thicken stomach, lighten body, and prolong life span. These traditional applications are in consistent with modern pharmacological studies, which have demonstrated that D. officinale exhibits various biological functions, such as cardioprotective, anti-tumor, gastrointestinal protective, anti-diabetes, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, and anti-osteoporosis effects. In this review, we summarize the research progress of D. officinale from November 2016 to May 2021 and aim to better understand the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of D. officinale, as well as its quality control and safety. This work presents the development status of D. officinale, analyzes gaps in the current research on D. officinale, and raises the corresponding solutions to provide references and potential directions for further studies of D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiemiao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lilong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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