1
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Sadiq Z, Yang W, Meraz MM, Yang W, Sun WH. Catalytic Activity of 2-Imino-1,10-phenthrolyl Fe/Co Complexes via Linear Machine Learning. Molecules 2024; 29:2313. [PMID: 38792174 PMCID: PMC11124342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In anticipation of the correlations between catalyst structures and their properties, the catalytic activities of 2-imino-1,10-phenanthrolyl iron and cobalt metal complexes are quantitatively investigated via linear machine learning (ML) algorithms. Comparatively, the Ridge Regression (RR) model has captured more robust predictive performance compared with other linear algorithms, with a correlation coefficient value of R2= 0.952 and a cross-validation value of Q2= 0.871. It shows that different algorithms select distinct types of descriptors, depending on the importance of descriptors. Through the interpretation of the RR model, the catalytic activity is potentially related to the steric effect of substituents and negative charged groups. This study refines descriptor selection for accurate modeling, providing insights into the variation principle of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Sadiq
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhong Yang
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Md Mostakim Meraz
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weisheng Yang
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Z.S.); (M.M.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Tan C, Chen C. Synthesis of Polar-functionalized Isotactic Polypropylenes Using Commercial Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6837-6845. [PMID: 38426800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of polar-functionalized polypropylenes with high molecular weight and high stereoregularity represents a challenging task. This challenge becomes even more daunting when pursuing an industrially preferred heterogeneous process. This study demonstrated the realization of these goals through the use of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts in the copolymerization of propylene with ionic cluster polar monomers. The results revealed high copolymerization activity (∼1.1 × 107 g mol-1 h-1), moderate polar monomer incorporation ratios (∼4.9 mol %), high copolymer molecular weight (Mw > 105 g mol-1), high stereoregularity ([mmmm] ∼ 96%), and high melting temperature range (150-162 °C). The utilization of ionic cluster polar monomers improved the thermal stability as well as stereoselectivity of the catalyst. Moreover, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst can homopolymerize ionic cluster polar monomers with high activities (>104 g mol-1 h-1). The resulting polar-functionalized isotactic polypropylenes (iPP) exhibited superior tensile strength, impact strength, creep resistance, transparency, and crystallinity compared with nonpolar iPP. This enhancement was attributable to the dual roles of the ionic cluster polar monomer unit, serving as both a transparent nucleating agent and a dynamic cross-linking functionality. Furthermore, the polar-functionalized iPP exhibited improved compatibility with polar materials, offering benefits for applications in composites, recycling of mixed plastic wastes, 3D printing, and other fields. This study offered a comprehensive solution for the future industrial production of polar-functionalized iPP via copolymerization, bridging the gap between an efficient and practical copolymerization process from a synthetic chemistry perspective and enhanced material properties from an application perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Feng H, Li C, Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang S, Xu X, Song Z. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Effect of Dioldibenzoate Isomers on the Performance of Polypropylene Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38399937 PMCID: PMC10892235 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the comprehensive effect of different 3,5-heptanedioldibenzoate (HDDB) optical isomers as the internal electron donor on the catalytic performance of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The experimental catalytic activity of HDDB has a positive correlation with the relative content of the mesomer incorporated during catalyst preparation, while the hydrogen response of HDDB displayed a negative correlation with the relative content of the mesomer. In order to apply the DFT calculation results to the macroscopic activity of the catalyst, the content of the active centers of the catalyst was analyzed. Assuming that the content of the active centers is proportional to the internal electron donor content of the catalyst, binary linear regression was carried out, which showed a good linear correlation between experimental activity data and internal electron donor content. Furthermore, the fitted activity of the single active centers aligned well with the calculated activation energies. These results revealed that the catalytic activity of polypropylene (PP) catalysts is dependent on both the active center content and the catalytic activity of an individual active center. Additionally, the lower hydrogen response of HDDB leads to a higher molecular weight of polypropylene obtained from the RS-containing catalyst compared to the SS-containing catalyst. Further study reveals that the hydrogen transfer reactions of 2,4-pentanediol dibenzoate (PDDB)/HDDB are influenced by the orientation of the methyl/ethyl groups in different isomers, which affect the activation energy differences between the hydrogen transfer reaction and the propylene insertion reaction, and finally influence the molecular weight of PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Feng
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Changxiu Li
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Junling Zhou
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiangya Xu
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Division of Polyethylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
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Parfenova LV, Bikmeeva AK, Kovyazin PV, Khalilov LM. The Dimerization and Oligomerization of Alkenes Catalyzed with Transition Metal Complexes: Catalytic Systems and Reaction Mechanisms. Molecules 2024; 29:502. [PMID: 38276580 PMCID: PMC10820739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimers and oligomers of alkenes represent a category of compounds that are in great demand in diverse industrial sectors. Among the developing synthetic methods, the catalysis of alkene dimerization and oligomerization using transition metal salts and complexes is of undoubted interest for practical applications. This approach demonstrates substantial potential, offering not only elevated reaction rates but also precise control over the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of the reactions. In this review, we discuss the data on catalytic systems for alkene dimerization and oligomerization. Our focus lies in the analysis of how the activity and chemoselectivity of these catalytic systems are influenced by various factors, such as the nature of the transition metal, the ligand environment, the activator, and the substrate structure. Notably, this review particularly discusses reaction mechanisms, encompassing metal complex activation, structural and dynamic features, and the reactivity of hydride intermediates, which serve as potential catalytically active centers in alkene dimerization and oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia
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Mehdizadeh M, Karkhaneh F, Nekoomanesh M, Sadjadi S, Emami M, Teimoury H, Salimi M, Solà M, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N, Posada-Pérez S. Influence of the Ethanol Content of Adduct on the Comonomer Incorporation of Related Ziegler-Natta Catalysts in Propylene (Co)polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4476. [PMID: 38231935 PMCID: PMC10708330 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the ethanol content of adducts on the catalytic behavior of related Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts in propylene homo- and copolymerizations (with 1-hexene comonomer) in terms of activity, isotacticity, H2 response, and comonomer incorporation. For this purpose, three MgCl2.nEtOH adducts with n values of 0.7, 1.2, and 2.8 were synthesized and used in the synthesis of related ZN catalysts. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption, and DFT techniques. Additionally, the microstructure of the synthesized (co)polymers was distinguished via DSC, SSA, and TREF techniques. Their activity was found to enhance with the adduct's ethanol content in both homo- and copolymerization experiments, and the increase was more pronounced in homopolymerization reactions in the absence of H2. Furthermore, the catalyst with the highest ethanol content provided a copolymer with a lower isotacticity index, a shorter meso sequence length, and a more uniform distribution of comonomer within the chains. These results were attributed to the higher total surface area and Ti content of the corresponding catalyst, as well as its lower average pore diameter, a larger proportion of large pores compared to the other two catalysts, and its spherical open bud morphology. It affirms the importance of catalyst/support ethanol-content control during the preparation process. Then, molecular simulation was employed to shed light on the iso-specificity of the polypropylene produced via synthesized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Fereshteh Karkhaneh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehdi Nekoomanesh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Samahe Sadjadi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Mehrsa Emami
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - HamidReza Teimoury
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehrdad Salimi
- Research & Development Center, Kermanshah Polymer Company, Kermanshah 14965/115, Iran; (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (M.M.); (M.N.); (S.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain;
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Hernández-Fernández J, González-Cuello R, Ortega-Toro R. Evaluation of the Reactivity of Methanol and Hydrogen Sulfide Residues with the Ziegler-Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis and Its Effects on Polymer Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4061. [PMID: 37896305 PMCID: PMC10610409 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the evaluation of the influence of inhibitory compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanol (CH3OH) on the catalytic productivity and properties of the polymers in the polymerization process with the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The investigation involved experimental measurements, computational calculations using DFT, and analysis of various parameters, such as molecular weight, melt flow index, xylene solubility, and reactivity descriptors. The results revealed a clear correlation between the concentration of H2S and methanol and the parameters evaluated. Increasing the H2S concentrations, on average by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, resulted in a drastic decrease in the polymer's molecular weight. A directly proportional relationship was observed between the flow rate and the H2S concentration. In the case of methanol, the change occurred from 60 ppm, causing a sharp decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer, which translates into an increase in the fluidity index and a decrease in solubility in xylene. The presence of these inhibitors also affected the catalytic activity, causing a reduction in the productivity of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Computational calculations provided a deeper understanding of the molecular behavior and reactivity of the studied compounds. The computational calculations yielded significantly lower results compared to other studies, with values of -69.0 and -43.9 kcal/mol for the Ti-CH3OH and H2S interactions, respectively. These results indicate remarkable stability in the studied interactions and suggest that both adsorptions are highly favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Parque Industrial y Tecnológico Carlos Vélez Pombo, Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Turbaco 130001, Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Science, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 30300, Colombia
| | - Rafael González-Cuello
- Food Packaging and Shelf-Life Research Group (FP & SL), Food Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia; (R.G.-C.); (R.O.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
- Food Packaging and Shelf-Life Research Group (FP & SL), Food Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado St. 30, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia; (R.G.-C.); (R.O.-T.)
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7
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Rana TRK, Swain A, Rajaraman G. The role of agostic interaction in the mechanism of ethylene polymerisation using Cr(III) half-sandwich complexes: What dictates the reactivity? Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11826-11834. [PMID: 37555755 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-based catalysts play a significant role in the production of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and half-sandwich functionalised-metallocene complexes were proven to be one of the most suitable candidates as catalysts for generating such large polymeric-length olefins. Earlier experimental studies on olefin polymerisation using a series of catalysts such as [L1-2CrCl2] (where L1 = 1-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)indenyl (1) and L2 = 2-methyl-1-{[4-(yridinene-1-yl)yridine-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indenyl (2)) reveal significant variation where peripheral substitution on the ligand was found to influence the reactivity significantly. However, the specific ligand position that affects the reactivity has not been established. As these reactions are fast and robust, it is challenging to establish reactive intermediates via experiments, and therefore, mechanistic clues for such reactions are elusive. Here we have undertaken a detailed computational study by employing an array of DFT (uB3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP, CASSCF/NEVPT2, and DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods to explore the substituted and non-substituted pyridine-cyclo-pentadienyl chromium complexes and their influence on the catalytic activity in ethylene polymerisation. Our study not only unravels the catalytic pathway for olefin polymerisation for such Cr(III)-half-sandwich complexes but also reveals that the energetics of the formation of pseudo-three-coordinate alkyl intermediates is key to the variation in the reactivity observed. A detailed examination using MO and NBO analysis unveils the presence of a C-H⋯Cr agostic interaction that is found to significantly stabilise this intermediate when the pyridine ligand has strong electron-donating groups at its para position. The other substitutions, such as on the cyclopentadienyl ligand, neither yield the desired stability nor the desired interaction. Further studies on models support this proposal. In order to improve the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic systems in olefin polymerisation, we strongly advocate for the integration of agostic interactions as a crucial criterion in the design of future catalysts. Considering the prevalence of electron-deficient metal centres in successful olefin polymerisation catalysts, this research prompts a broader mechanistic inquiry to propose a unified approach for this industrially crucial reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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Schober L, Dobiašová H, Jurkaš V, Parmeggiani F, Rudroff F, Winkler M. Enzymatic reactions towards aldehydes: An overview. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2023; 38:221-242. [PMID: 38505272 PMCID: PMC10947199 DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Many aldehydes are volatile compounds with distinct and characteristic olfactory properties. The aldehydic functional group is reactive and, as such, an invaluable chemical multi-tool to make all sorts of products. Owing to the reactivity, the selective synthesis of aldehydic is a challenging task. Nature has evolved a number of enzymatic reactions to produce aldehydes, and this review provides an overview of aldehyde-forming reactions in biological systems and beyond. Whereas some of these biotransformations are still in their infancy in terms of synthetic applicability, others are developed to an extent that allows their implementation as industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schober
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Hana Dobiašová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringSlovak University of TechnologyBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
- Area BiotransformationsAustrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyGrazAustria
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9
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Zhong W, Xu T, Shen X, Fu Z, Cai X, Liu H, Wang Q, Fan Z. Estimation of the chain propagation rate constants of propylene polymerization and ethylene‐1‐hexene copolymerization catalyzed with
MgCl
2
‐supported
Ziegler–Natta
catalysts. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Hangzhou Xinglu Technologies Co., Ltd Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Xianrong Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Anhui Polytechnic University Wuhu 241000 China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing 100013 China
| | - Haitao Liu
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Beijing 100013 China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Trivedi PM, Gocher CP, Balachandran V, Gupta VK. Insight of polypropylene synthesis with high performance multidentate internal donor catalyst system. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv M. Trivedi
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis R&D Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
| | | | - Vijai Balachandran
- Advanced Analytical Division Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis R&D Reliance Research and Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited Navi Mumbai India
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11
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Luo Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao J, Li Q, Li H, Hu Y. Synthesis of Bis(methoxymethyl)silanes and Their Application in MgCl 2-Supported Ziegler–Natta Propylene Polymerization as External Donors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jialei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youliang Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Bodkhe DV, Chikkali SH. Ti-Iminocarboxylate Catalyzed Polymerization of Ethylene to Highly Crystalline, Disentangled, Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Transition Metal-(μ-Cl)-Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217164. [PMID: 36363991 PMCID: PMC9654437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding in Ziegler−Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M−(μ-Cl)−Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M−(μ-Cl)−Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler−Natta processes and beyond.
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14
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Shams A, Mehdizadeh M, Teimoury H, Emami M, Mirmohammadi SA, Sadjadi S, Bardají E, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Effect of the pore architecture of Ziegler-Natta catalyst on its behavior in propylene/1-hexene copolymerization. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Liu T, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao S, Luo Y. Ancillary ligand effects on α-olefin polymerization catalyzed by zirconium metallocene: a computational study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21111-21121. [PMID: 35975060 PMCID: PMC9341425 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Having achieved an agreement between theory and experiment, it was found that the effect of the catalyst ligand on the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion reaction was significantly greater than that on the β-H elimination reaction. Therefore, the molecular weight of polymers can be increased by improving the activity of the CC insertion. In addition, in comparison with propylene, the chain length of α-olefins can directly affect the stereotacticity of polymerization products, owing to steric hindrance between the polymer chain and monomer. The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xianming Xu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Tong Liu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Libo Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing 102206 China
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16
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Alzamly A, Bakiro M, Hussein Ahmed S, Siddig LA, Nguyen HL. Linear α-olefin oligomerization and polymerization catalyzed by metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Ni Q, Chen M, Chen Y, Li W, Zhou Q, Dai J, Ye S, Jiang B, Wang J, Yang Y. Suppressing the Entanglements of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene via Controlling the Adhesion Effect in a POSS-Modified Support. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianbin Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbo Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Exploring cocatalyst type effect on the Ziegler–Natta catalyzed ethylene polymerizations: experimental and DFT studies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDue to the important role of cocatalyst in the polymerization process employing industrially favored Ziegler–Natta catalysts, its effect on kinetic behavior, catalyst activity, and polymer properties is discussed. In this paper, triethyl aluminum (TEA) and triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) have been used as the main cocatalyst ingredient with 10–20 mol percent of diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) and ethyl aluminum dichloride (EADC) cocatalysts, being neat TEA the cocatalysts with the highest activity. Moreover, TEA-DEAC and TEA-EADC cocatalysts revealed a built-up kinetic profile, while TIBA-DEAC and TIBA-EADC show a decay-type kinetic curve. According to melt flow index results, no considerable change in flowability was detected in the synthesized polyethylenes (PE). On the other hand, the ethylene insertion and chain termination mechanisms were investigated by means of density functional calculations using Ti active center located in (110) and (104) facets of the MgCl2 surface. To shed light on the bulkiness level of employed cocatalysts, buried volume (VBur) together with the two-dimensional map of cocatalyst systems were considered. Higher VBur of TIBA complex can explain its lower activity and decay type kinetic profile obtained by experimental studies.
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19
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Patil HR, Karthikeyan S, Kote V, Sengupta P, Samanta P, Kadam P, Venkateswaran N, Gupta VK. An insight into Ziegler–Natta catalyst active site distribution for polyolefins: application of jitter differential evolution. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Piovano A, Groppo E. Flexible ligands in heterogeneous catalysts for olefin polymerization: Insights from spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Guo X, Shao Y, Luo J, Liu Z, Liu B. The atomic defects on the (104) and (110) surfaces of the MgCl 2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst: a periodic DFT study. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a DFT study on the effects of atomic defects in the MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The adsorption behaviours of TiCl4 and internal donors on the ideal and defective MgCl2(104) and (110) surfaces were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunqi Shao
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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22
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Bazgir H, Abbas-Abadi MS, Haghighi MN, Darounkola MRR, Issaabadi Z, Rashedi R. Synthesis of novel Ziegler Natta catalyst in the presence of internal promoter and electron donors for ethylene and ethylene/ 1-hexene polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Piovano A, Signorile M, Braglia L, Torelli P, Martini A, Wada T, Takasao G, Taniike T, Groppo E. Electronic Properties of Ti Sites in Ziegler–Natta Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piovano
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Signorile
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Martini
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Toru Wada
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Gentoku Takasao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taniike
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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24
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Xie J, Tan X, Peng W, Yang X, He A. Effect of AlEt2Cl on the polymerization of isoprene using TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler-Natta catalyst: A DFT study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Progress in MgCl2 supported Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polyolefin products and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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