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Tang X, Li H, Wang Y, Zeng L, Long L, Qu Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Li Y, Yu Y, Zhou Q, Luo M. Chronic Fluoride Exposure Induces Ovarian Dysfunction and Potential Association with Premature Ovarian Failure in Female Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3225-3236. [PMID: 37828391 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fluorosis has been widely investigated for its adverse effects on skeletal and neurological health; however, its impact on reproductive health, especially in females, remains underexplored. In this study, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to different fluoride concentrations (0.75, 50, and 100 mg/L) in their drinking water for six months. Dental fluorosis and increased urinary fluoride content were observed in fluoride-exposed rats, reflecting fluoride accumulation and exposure levels. Chronic fluorosis resulted in reduced ovary organ coefficient, indicating harmful effects on ovarian tissue. Additionally, the number of ovarian primordial and primary/secondary follicles decreased, while the number of atresia follicles increased. Furthermore, chronic fluorosis led to disrupted estrous cycles. Hormonal analysis revealed altered secretion of estrogen, progesterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, and inhibin B in response to fluoride exposure. Ultrastructural observation of ovarian granulosa cells showed evidence of apoptosis, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was increased, and ATP levels were decreased, suggesting mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis induction. The mRNA and protein expression of BMP15 and GDF9, essential regulators of ovarian function, significantly decreased with increasing fluoride concentration. Furthermore, gene expression analysis identified a panel of premature ovarian failure-related genes that were downregulated in fluoride-exposed rat ovaries. These findings suggest that chronic fluoride exposure may contribute to ovarian dysfunction and possibly the pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure. Understanding the toxicological effects of chronic fluoride exposure on ovarian function is essential for identifying potential environmental risk factors affecting female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongliang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajun Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Valipour J, Taghizadeh F, Esfahani R, Ramesh M, Rastegar T. Role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in female and male fertility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29752. [PMID: 38720768 PMCID: PMC11076650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to a condition where there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and their removal by antioxidants. While the function of reactive oxygen species as specific second messengers under physiological conditions is necessary, their overproduction can lead to numerous instances of cell and tissue damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of many cytoprotective genes that respond to redox stresses. Nrf2 is regularly degraded by kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and Nrf2 complex have attracted attention in both basic and clinical infertility research fields. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of female infertility, including primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis, as well as male infertility, namely varicocele, cryptorchidism, spermatic cord torsion, and orchitis. Most scientists believe that Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic method in female and male infertility disorders due to its antioxidant effect. Here, the potential roles of oxidative stress and Nrf2 in female and male infertility disorders are reviewed. Moreover, the key role of Nrf2 in the inhibition or induction of these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Valipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Esfahani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Ramesh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liang Y, Shi Y, Guo R, Xu C, Fu M, Shen J, Gao X, Li W, Qin K. Wine- and stir-frying processing of Cuscutae Semen enhance its ability to alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis via the Keap 1-Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/AKT pathways in H 2O 2-challenged KGN human granulosa cell line. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:189. [PMID: 38750475 PMCID: PMC11094956 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuscutae Semen (CS) has been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for millennia as an aging inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, a pain reliever, and an aphrodisiac. Its three main forms include crude Cuscutae Semen (CCS), wine-processed CS (WCS), and stir-frying-processed CS (SFCS). Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a globally occurring medical condition. The present work sought a highly efficacious multi-target therapeutic approach against POI with minimal side effects. Finally, it analyzed the relative differences among CCS, WCS and SFCS in terms of their therapeutic efficacy and modes of action against H2O2-challenged KGN human granulosa cell line. METHODS In this study, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-Q-ExactiveTM Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS), oxidative stress indices, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), real-time PCR, Western blotting, and molecular docking were used to investigate the protective effect of CCS, WCS and SFCS on KGN cells oxidative stress and apoptosis mechanisms. RESULTS The results confirmed that pretreatment with CCS, WCS and SFCS reduced H2O2-induced oxidative damage, accompanied by declining ROS levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in the KGN cells. CCS, WCS and SFCS upregulated the expression of antioxidative levels (GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, SOD, T-AOC),mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the relative mRNA(Nrf2, Keap1, NQO-1, HO-1, SOD-1, CAT). They inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2, downregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, and lowering the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. They also exerted antioxidant efficacy by partially activating the PI3K/Akt and Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present work demonstrated the inhibitory efficacy of CCS, WCS and SFCS against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in KGN cells and showed that the associated mechanisms included Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 activation, P-PI3K upregulation, and P-Akt-mediated PI3K-Akt pathway induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Changli Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinyi People's Hospital, Xinyi Jiangsu, 221400, China
| | - Mian Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jinyang Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Engineering Research Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Kunming Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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Jin S, Wang YS, Huang JC, Wang TT, Li BY, Guo B, Yue ZP. Osthole exhibits the remedial potential for polycystic ovary syndrome mice through Nrf2-Foxo1-GSH-NF-κB pathway. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38741282 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the primary cause of female infertility with a lack of universal therapeutic regimen. Although osthole exhibits numerous pharmacological activities in treating various diseases, its therapeutic effect on PCOS is undiscovered. The present study found that application of osthole improved the symptoms of PCOS mice through preventing ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) production of more estrogen and alleviating the liberation of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Meanwhile, osthole enhanced ovarian antioxidant capacity and alleviated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation with a concurrent attenuation for oxidative stress, while intervention of antioxidant enzymic activity and glutathione (GSH) synthesis neutralized the salvation of osthole on GCs secretory disorder and chronic inflammation. Further analysis revealed that osthole restored the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and forkhead box O 1 (Foxo1) whose repression antagonized the amelioration of osthole on the insufficiency of antioxidant capacity and accumulation of ROS. Moreover, Nrf2 served as an intermedium to mediate the regulation of osthole on Foxo1. Additionally, osthole restricted the phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 by DHEA and weakened the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, but this effectiveness was abrogated by the obstruction of Nrf2 and Foxo1, whereas adjunction of GSH renewed the redemptive effect of osthole on NF-κB whose activation caused an invalidation of osthole in rescuing the aberration of GCs secretory function and inflammation response. Collectively, osthole might relieve the symptoms of PCOS mice via Nrf2-Foxo1-GSH-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Si Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Tan W, Zhang J, Dai F, Yang D, Gu R, Tang L, Liu H, Cheng YX. Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:467-486. [PMID: 37097332 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a well-known function in inflammation and regulates a wide variety of biological processes. Low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of NF-κB in the progression of PCOS particularly, such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial dysfunction. From a clinical perspective, progressive recognition of NF-κB pathway provides opportunities for therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting pathway-specific mechanisms. With the accumulation of basic experimental and clinical data, NF-κB signaling pathway was recognized as a therapeutic target. Although there have been no specific small molecule NF-κB inhibitors in PCOS, a plethora of natural and synthetic compound have emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the pathway. The traditional herbs developed for NF-κB pathway have become increasingly popular in recent years. Abundant evidence elucidated that NF-κB inhibitors can significantly improve the symptoms of PCOS. Herein, we summarized evidence relating to how NF-κB pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCOS. Furthermore, we present an in-depth overview of NF-κB inhibitors for therapy interventions of PCOS. Taken together, the NF-κB signaling may be a futuristic treatment strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Duan C, Ma L, Qin M, Zhang L, Hu S, Liu L, Sun Y, Ma F, Li D. Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum A56 in relieving food allergy through immunoregulation, antioxidation, and reshaping intestinal microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109560. [PMID: 38163625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy is an abnormal immune reaction triggered by food protein antigens. Relevant studies have suggested that probiotic supplementation was with the potential to alleviate food allergy. This study aimed to explore the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum A56 on the alleviation of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy via immunomodulatory function, antioxidation, and modification of intestinal microbiota. Balb/c mice were sensitized with OVA (20 µg/mouse) by intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks and accompanied by oral administration of L. plantarum A56 (109 CFU/mL), subsequently with orally challenged twice by OVA at 50 mg/mL for 1 week. The results showed that oral supplementation of L. plantarum A56 could effectively relieve allergic symptoms of mice, and decreased OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 concentrations. It also declined interleukin (IL)-4 level, raised interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum, and splenocyte supernatant, and the qPCR results were consistent with above results. Moreover, L. plantarum A56 treatment also fortified superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum. The increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) expression indicated that L. plantarum A56 exerted antioxidation through Nrf2-Foxo1 pathway. In addition, L. plantarum A56 treatment elevated Bacteroidetes richness, ASV/OTU number, species diversity, etc. Notably, Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes displayed obviously negative correlation with IgE and IgG1, but Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria exhibited significantly positive correlation with IgG1 and IgE. Collectively, these results suggested that L. plantarum A56 could alleviate OVA-induced food allergy by regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance, antioxidation, and modulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled, Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology, Jilin Provincial Department of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled, Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Wang YS, Li BY, Xing YF, Huang JC, Chen ZS, Yue L, Zou YG, Guo B. Puerarin Ameliorated PCOS through Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction Dependent on the Maintenance of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2963-2976. [PMID: 38305024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the major cause of infertility in reproductive women, but no universal drug is feasible. Although puerarin clinically treats cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, its curative effect on PCOS remains elusive. The present study discovered that administration of puerarin restored estrous cycle of PCOS mice and diminished the number of cystic follicles with the concomitant recovery for circulating testosterone, LH and FSH levels, and LH/FSH ratio, indicating the therapeutic role of puerarin in PCOS. KEGG analysis of differential genes between PCOS and control revealed the enrichment in MAPK and calcium signaling pathway. Application of puerarin restricted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, whose activation neutralized the improvement of puerarin on the secretory function and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Meanwhile, puerarin alleviated the accumulation of cytosolic Ca2+ through restricting the opening of Ryr and Itpr channels, but this effectiveness was counteracted by the activatory ERK1/2 and JNK. Attenuation of cytosolic Ca2+ counteracted the antagonistic effects of ERK1/2 and JNK activation on puerarin's role in rescuing the calcineurin and Nfatc. Further analysis manifested that Mcu had been authenticated as a direct downstream target of Nfatc to mediate the amelioration of puerarin on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Moreover, puerarin prevented the disorder of ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening through maintaining mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Collectively, puerarin might ameliorate the symptoms of PCOS mice through preventing mitochondrial dysfunction that is dependent on the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis after inactivation of ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yin-Fei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhi-Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zou
- Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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8
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Shirvanian K, Vali R, Farkhondeh T, Abderam A, Aschner M, Samarghandian S. Genistein Effects on Various Human Disorders Mediated via Nrf2 Signaling. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:40-50. [PMID: 36443970 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221128162753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is a flavonoid, mostly found in soybean extract and is widely used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Genistein can interact with estrogen receptors due to its structural similarities to estrogen. It also inhibits protein tyrosine kinases and affects a variety of intracellular signal transductions. Genistein attenuates oxidative stress via diverse cellular mechanisms. However, nuclear factor (erythroidderived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the main antioxidant regulator, potentiates genistein's antioxidant effects and reduces cell damage. Nrf2 includes of seven domains and controls the expression of the phase II antioxidant enzymes to decrease oxidative stress. In this review, we address findings related to Nrf2 signaling pathways in the context of genistein's effects on diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Shirvanian
- School of Biology, College of science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Vali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Abderam
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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9
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Hou Y, Hu J, Li J, Li H, Lu Y, Liu X. MFN2 regulates progesterone biosynthesis and proliferation of granulosa cells during follicle selection in hens. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:51-66. [PMID: 37921053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Follicle selection in hens refers to a biological process that only one small yellow follicle (SYF) is selected daily or near-daily for following hierarchical development (from F5/F6 to F1) until ovulation. MFN2 is a kind of GTPases located on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which plays a crucial role in mitochondrial fusion. This study aimed to elucidate the role of MFN2 in proliferation and progesterone biosynthesis of granulosa cells (GCs) during follicle selection in hens. The results showed that GCs began to produce progesterone (P4) after follicle selection, accompanied with changes from multi-layer with flat cells to single layer with cubic cells. MFN2 was detected in GCs of follicles from SYF to F1. After follicle selection, the expression level of MFN2 in GCs upregulated significantly, accompanied with increases in P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers of granulosa cells. FSH (80 ng/mL) facilitated the effects of P4 biosynthesis and secretion, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers, cell proliferation and the MFN2 transcription of granulosa cells from F5 (F5G) in vitro. However, FSH treatment did not promote P4 secretion in granulosa cells from SYF (SYFG) in vitro. Meanwhile, we observed that change fold of MFN2 transcription, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers and cell proliferation rate in F5G after treatment with FSH were greater than those in SYFG. Furthermore, expression levels of MFN2 protein and messenger RNA in F5G were significantly higher than those in SYFG after treatment with FSH. P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers as well as cell proliferation reduced significantly in F5G with MFN2 knockdown. Oppositely, P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers and cell proliferation increased significantly in SYFG after the overexpression of MFN2. Our results suggest that the upregulation of MFN2 may be involved in the initiation of P4 biosynthesis, and promotion of GCs proliferation during follicle selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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10
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Luo M, Wang L, Xiao C, Zhou M, Li M, Li H. miR136 regulates proliferation and differentiation of small tail han sheep preadipocytes. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2173966. [PMID: 36722834 PMCID: PMC9928478 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2173966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low meat performance is the defect of Small Tail Han sheep. Intramuscular fat affects meat quality and largely determined by adipogenesis. In previous study, miR136 was showed one of differentially expressed microRNAs between preadipocytes and mature adipocytes of Small Tail Han sheep but its role in adipogenesis is still not elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of miR136 on adipogenesis and the underlying mechanism. qPCR data showed that miR136 level increased with preadipocytes proliferation while declined with preadipocytes differentiation. Moreover, miR136 mimics blocked lipid droplet formation, reduced lipid content and triglyceride accumulation while miR136 inhibitor showed the opposite effects, revealing that miR136 promoted preadipocytes proliferation but inhibited preadipocytes differentiation. Bioinformatics and biochemical validation manifested that PPARGC1B was a target of miR136. Furthermore, miR136 mimics decreased PPARγ and C/EBPα expression accompanied by PPARGC1B expression descending. Reverse effects were observed with miR136 inhibitor. Besides, overexpression of miR136 elevated IGF1 expression. Collectively, our data first exhibited a regulatory role of miR136 in adipogenesis, which is promoting preadipocytes proliferation through elevating IGF1 expression while inhibiting preadipocytes differentiation through targeting PPARGC1B and further declined PPARγ and C/EBPα expression. The modulation of PPARGC1B by miR136 may provide a new potential target for increasing intramuscular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,CONTACT Hongjuan Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 16 Tongbai North Road, Zhengzhou450001, China
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11
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Hui M, Hu S, Ye L, Zhang M, Jing X, Hong Y. PAK2/beta-catenin/c-Myc/PKM2 signal transduction suppresses ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:54-62. [PMID: 37549602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibits the highest morbidity among endocrine diseases in women ranging from age 18 to 44. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The imbalance between systemic and ovarian oxidative stress (OS) is a key characteristic of PCOS, and accumulating evidence indicates that the antioxidative protein nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is implicated in cell apoptosis and inflammation caused by OS. The activated kinase 2 (PAK2)/-catenin/c-Myc/pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) axis is a newly identified signaling pathway that may regulate Nrf2 expression and thereby influence OS. In this study, we sought to identify PAK2 expression and function in PCOS cells. PAK2 and downstream PKM2 expression in KGN cells and tissues were detected by microarray and qPCR. Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 and colony formation assays (CFAs). Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. qPCR and ELISA were used to examine cell inflammation. Oxidant and OS-related enzymes were examined by ELISA. We found that PAK2 and PKM2 expression levels were reduced in KGN cells and PCOS ovarian cortex tissues. PAK2 overexpression activated β-catenin/c-Myc/PKM2 while PAK2 silencing deactivated it. PAK2 overexpression was reduced, whereas PAK2 silencing promoted, KGN cell proliferation and colony formation. Cell apoptosis and inflammation were also induced by PAK2 overexpression but were alleviated by its silencing. Furthermore, increased peroxidation product levels decreased antioxidative protein activities, and deactivated antioxidative Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected in PAK2-overexpressing KGN cells, whereas these effects were counteracted in PAK2 silenced cells. Our data suggest that PAK2 and its associated β-catenin/c-Myc/PKM2 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and inflammation by triggering OS by deactivating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting the potential of PAK2 as a therapeutic PCOS treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hui
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Shuihan Hu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Lingchai Ye
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Jing
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yanli Hong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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12
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Zuo W, Liu X, Chen J, Zuo W, Yin Y, Nie X, Tang P, Huang Y, Yu Q, Hu Q, Zhou J, Tan Y, Huang X, Ren Q. Single-cell sequencing provides insights into the landscape of ovary in PCOS and alterations induced by CUMS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E346-E362. [PMID: 37584608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder related to psychological distress. However, the mechanism underlying increased prevalence of depression in PCOS remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the unique transcriptional landscape of ovary and offered a platform to explore the mechanism of PCOS, as well as the influences caused by depression. The PCOS rat model was established by letrozole whereas PCOS rat model with depression was established by letrozole combined with chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Then single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was applied to analyze the transcriptional features of rat ovaries. Granulosa cells (GCs) and fibroblasts (Fibros) accounted for the top two clusters of total 12 cell types. There were nine clusters in GCs, related to inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and steroidogenesis. The expression of differentially expressed genes (DEG) Hes1 was higher in PCOS and PCOS + CUMS groups, exhibiting enhanced expression by pseudotime and positively related to inflammation. Pseudotemporal analysis revealed that inflammation contributed to the different GCs distributions. Moreover, analysis of DEGs and gene ontology (GO) function enrichment revealed CUMS aggravated inflammation in PCOS GCs possibly via interferon signaling pathway. In theca cells (TCs), nine clusters were observed and some of them were relevant to inflammation, ER stress, and lipid metabolism. DEGs Ass1, Insl3, and Ifi27 were positively related to Cyp17a1, and Ces1d might contribute to the different trajectory of TCs. Subsequent scRNA-seq revealed a signature profile of endothelial cells (ECs) and Fibros, which suggest that inflammation-induced damage of ECs and Fibro, further exacerbated by CUMS. Finally, analysis of T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) revealed the existence of immune dysfunction, among which interferon signaling played a critical role. These findings provided more knowledge for a better understanding PCOS from the view of inflammation and identified new biomarkers and targets for the treatment of PCOS with psychological diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we mapped the landscape of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovary with rat model induced by letrozole and provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of PCOS accompanied by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) at single-cell transcriptomic level. These observations highlight the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCOS, which might also be the bridge between PCOS and psychological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zuo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenren Zuo
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Science and Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Ren
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Jin S, Wang TT, Huang JC, Wang YS, Guo B, Yue ZP. Melatonin modulates endometrial decidualization via NOTCH1-NRF2-FOXO1-GSH pathway†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:299-308. [PMID: 37334936 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is important for oocyte maturation, fertilization, early embryonic development, and embryo implantation, but less knowledge is available regarding its role in decidualization. The present study found that melatonin did not alter the proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), as well as cell cycle progress, but suppressed stromal differentiation after binding to the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B), which was visualized in decidualizing ESCs. Further analysis evidenced that application of melatonin resulted in the diminishment for NOTCH1 and RBPJ expression. Supplementation of recombinant NOTCH1 protein (rNOTCH1) counteracted the impairment of stromal differentiation conferred by melatonin, while the addition of the NOTCH signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT aggravated the differentiation progress. Meanwhile, melatonin might restrain the expression and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), whose blockage accelerated the fault of stromal differentiation under the context of melatonin, but this restraint was subsequently ameliorated by rNOTCH1. Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) was identified as a downstream target of melatonin in decidualization. Repression of NRF2 antagonized the retrieval of rNOTCH1 due to aberrant FOXO1 expression elicited by melatonin. Moreover, melatonin brought about the occurrence of oxidative stress accompanied by an obvious accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a significant reduction in glutathione (GSH) content, as well as enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, whereas supplementation of rNOTCH1 improved the above-mentioned effects. Nevertheless, this improvement was disrupted by the blockage of NRF2 and FOXO1. Furthermore, addition of GSH rescued the defect of stromal differentiation by melatonin. Collectively, melatonin might impair endometrial decidualization by restraining the differentiation of ESCs dependent on NOTCH1-NRF2-FOXO1-GSH pathway after binding to the MTNR1B receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
- Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Si Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Ulug E, Pinar AA. A New Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors: Dietary Polyphenols. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:508-526. [PMID: 37530952 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology and causing various reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and psychological complications. Recent meta-analyses and systemic reviews showed that PCOS increases the risk factor for various cardio-metabolic complications like insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition to these, it was suggested that chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are the underlying mechanisms of PCOS-mediated metabolic consequences and might trigger cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. At this point, there is substantial evidence to suggest that various non-nutrient food components modulate cardio-metabolic health together with inflammation and oxidative stress. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing the intake of dietary polyphenols might reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and thus alleviate the risk of metabolic, endothelial, and cardiovascular disorders. Nowadays, there are an increasing number of studies related to the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and its accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances. Currently, there is a cumulative number of studies connected to the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances. However, there is a lack of knowledge in combining the probable mechanisms of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and related cardio-metabolic consequences. Thus, the effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and accompanying cardio-metabolic disturbances need to be discussed and evaluated with underlying mechanisms. Consequently, this review was written to reveal the potential effects of dietary polyphenols on PCOS and related metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in all their aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Acikgoz Pinar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Siemers KM, Klein AK, Baack ML. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PCOS: Insights into Reproductive Organ Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13123. [PMID: 37685928 PMCID: PMC10488260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, but relatively common endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and micro-polycystic ovaries. In addition to reduced fertility, people with PCOS have a higher risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease, all comorbidities that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarizes human and animal data that report mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation in PCOS to better understand how mitochondria impact reproductive organ pathophysiology. This in-depth review considers all the elements regulating mitochondrial quantity and quality, from mitochondrial biogenesis under the transcriptional regulation of both the nuclear and mitochondrial genome to the ultrastructural and functional complexes that regulate cellular metabolism and reactive oxygen species production, as well as the dynamics that regulate subcellular interactions that are key to mitochondrial quality control. When any of these mitochondrial functions are disrupted, the energetic equilibrium within the cell changes, cell processes can fail, and cell death can occur. If this process is ongoing, it affects tissue and organ function, causing disease. The objective of this review is to consolidate and classify a broad number of PCOS studies to understand how various mitochondrial processes impact reproductive organs, including the ovary (oocytes and granulosa cells), uterus, placenta, and circulation, causing reproductive pathophysiology. A secondary objective is to uncover the potential role of mitochondria in the transgenerational transmission of PCOS and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Siemers
- Physician Scientist (MD/Ph.D.) Program, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Abigail K. Klein
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Lee Medical Building, 414 E. Clark St., Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Michelle L. Baack
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th St., Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
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16
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Liu S, Jia Y, Meng S, Luo Y, Yang Q, Pan Z. Mechanisms of and Potential Medications for Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Granulosa Cells: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119205. [PMID: 37298157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cells are essential for follicle initiation and development, and their abnormal function or apoptosis is a crucial factor leading to follicular atresia. A state of oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of the antioxidant system is disturbed. Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of the abnormal function and apoptosis of granulosa cells. Oxidative stress in granulosa cells causes female reproductive system diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the mechanism of oxidative stress in granulosa cells is closely linked to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, FOXO axis, Nrf2 pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and mitophagy. It has been found that drugs such as sulforaphane, Periplaneta americana peptide, and resveratrol can mitigate the functional damage caused by oxidative stress on granulosa cells. This paper reviews some of the mechanisms involved in oxidative stress in granulosa cells and describes the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological treatment of oxidative stress in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siheng Liu
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yunbing Jia
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shirui Meng
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiran Luo
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Pang X, Cheng J, Wu T, Sun L. SIRT3 ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through FOXO1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Endocrine 2023; 80:201-211. [PMID: 36598711 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies have shown that Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) plays a key role in oocyte maturation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease caused by endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. The specific regulatory role and mechanism of SIRT3 in PCOS have not been reported. METHODS SIRT3 was overexpressed in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS model in mice. Ovary morphology, serum hormone level, and apoptosis of tissue cells were detected. The expression of SIRT3/Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)/peroxlsome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactlvat-1α (PGC-1α)-related proteins was detected. Then SIRT3 was overexpressed in DHT-induced human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN. After the detection of the pathway-associated proteins, PGC-1α specific inhibitor SR-18292 was added to detect cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS (MitoROS) levels, and other mitochondrial-related indicators RESULTS: The expression of SIRT3 in PCOS model was significantly decreased. Overexpression of SIRT3 could significantly improve ovarian morphology and serum sex hormone levels in DHT-induced PCOS mice and inhibit apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of SIRT3 also could improve mitochondrial dysfunction in DHT-induced KGN cells via FOXO1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. And PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292 reversed the protective effect of SIRT3 overexpression on apoptosis and mitochondrial function damage of DHT-induced KGN cells. CONCLUSION SIRT3 regulated FOXO1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS, thereby improving PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tiancheng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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18
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Glutathione system enhancement for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 36792890 PMCID: PMC9932120 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH) system is considered to be one of the most powerful endogenous antioxidant systems in the cardiovascular system due to its key contribution to detoxifying xenobiotics and scavenging overreactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous investigations have suggested that disruption of the GSH system is a critical element in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Meanwhile, a newly proposed type of cell death, ferroptosis, has been demonstrated to be closely related to the GSH system, which affects the process and outcome of myocardial injury. Moreover, in facing various pathological challenges, the mammalian heart, which possesses high levels of mitochondria and weak antioxidant capacity, is susceptible to oxidant production and oxidative damage. Therefore, targeted enhancement of the GSH system along with prevention of ferroptosis in the myocardium is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first systematically describe the physiological functions and anabolism of the GSH system, as well as its effects on cardiac injury. Then, we discuss the relationship between the GSH system and ferroptosis in myocardial injury. Moreover, a comprehensive summary of the activation strategies of the GSH system is presented, where we mainly identify several promising herbal monomers, which may provide valuable guidelines for the exploration of new therapeutic approaches.
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Makinde E, Ma L, Mellick GD, Feng Y. Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020226. [PMID: 36830595 PMCID: PMC9953029 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are widely considered the "power hub" of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, and cell apoptosis. The mitochondria also perform crucial multifaceted roles in biosynthetic pathways, serving as an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, amino acid, glucose, and heme. Since mitochondria play multiple vital roles in the cell, it is not surprising that disruption of mitochondrial function has been linked to a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the key physiological and pathological functions of mitochondria and present bioactive compounds with protective effects on the mitochondria and their mechanisms of action. We highlight promising compounds and existing difficulties limiting the therapeutic use of these compounds and potential solutions. We also provide insights and perspectives into future research windows on mitochondrial modulators.
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Cong J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang Y, He H, Wang M. Anti-polycystic ovary syndrome effect of electroacupuncture: IMD inhibits ER stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Nasimi Doost Azgomi R, Moini Jazani A, Karimi A, Pourreza S. Potential roles of genistein in polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175275. [PMID: 36108737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent polygenic endocrine disorders in reproductive-age women. Genistein is a soy-isolated phytoestrogen and isoflavone with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic, and antineoplastic activity. This systematic review aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of actions of genistein in PCOS. The present study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases up to February 2022 using relative keywords. Studies published in English evaluated genistein's effects on PCOS, and its related symptoms were considered. Out of 298 records screened, only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria: Nine animal and 4 human studies. The results of the current study indicated that genistein supplementation may effectively improve PCOS-related symptoms by decreasing insulin resistance and anthropometric indices, improving ovarian morphology and regulating reproductive hormones, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation by influencing biological pathways. According to the current literature, genistein may diminish the dues of PCOS. Therefore, this study shows that genistein can be considered an effective agent. in reducing the complications of PCOS. However, further studies are recommended for a broad conclusion on the exact mechanism of genistein in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Arash Karimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Li Y, Xu J, Li L, Bai L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang H. Inhibition of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 attenuates cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome through the activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 550:111645. [PMID: 35413388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. In this study, a rat model of PCOS was established by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). NOX4 was highly expressed in PCOS rat ovaries, while its specific role in PCOS remains unclear. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting NOX4 inhibited oxidative stress by reducing ROS, 4-HNE and MDA levels, and increasing SOD and GPX activities in rat ovaries. NOX4 deficiency increased Bcl-2 levels and decreased Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 levels and DHEA-induced cell apoptosis in rat ovaries. Similar to the in vivo results, NOX4 silencing inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in DHEA-treated rat granulosa cells. Moreover, NOX4 silencing promoted Nrf-2 translocation, and the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, NOX4 deficiency may ameliorate PCOS in rats by reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Lingxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Yunping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
| | - Haixu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
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Fan X, Fan Z, Yang Z, Huang T, Tong Y, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. Flavonoids-Natural Gifts to Promote Health and Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042176. [PMID: 35216290 PMCID: PMC8879655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of mammals is accompanied by the progressive atrophy of tissues and organs and the accumulation of random damage to macromolecular DNA, protein, and lipids. Flavonoids have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can delay aging and prolong a healthy lifespan by eliminating senescent cells, inhibiting senescence-related secretion phenotypes (SASPs), and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, only a few systematic studies have described flavonoids in clinical treatment for anti-aging, which needs to be explored further. This review first highlights the association between aging and macromolecular damage. Then, we discuss advances in the role of flavonoid molecules in prolonging the health span and lifespan of organisms. This study may provide crucial information for drug design and developmental and clinical applications based on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqiang Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Tiantian Huang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Yingdong Tong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.F.); (Z.F.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (D.Y.); (X.M.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Ji R, Jia FY, Chen X, Wang ZH, Jin WY, Yang J. Salidroside alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis via AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in DHT-induced human granulosa cell line KGN. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 715:109094. [PMID: 34813774 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, emerging evidence established persistent oxidative stress to be a key player in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Particularly, it damages the function of granulosa cells, and thus hinders the development of follicles. The present study aimed to explore and establish the protective effects of salidroside on dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced Granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), mediated via antioxidant mechanisms. The study assessed the positive effects of salidroside on DHT-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, damage of antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. Interestingly, salidroside partly reversed DHT mediated effects, via stimulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and the downstream antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQO1). Additionally, the knockdown of Nrf2 partly moderated the antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects of salidroside in DHT-treated KGN cells. Mechanistically, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was identified to be the upstream signaling involved in salidroside-induced Nrf2 activation, as silencing of AMPK partly prevented the upregulation of Nrf2 and the downstream proteins HO-1 and NQO1. Altogether, the present study is the first to effectively demonstrate the inhibitory effect of salidroside on DHT-stimulated oxidative stress and apoptosis in KGN cells, which was dependent on Nrf2 activation that involved AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ji
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Jia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Aortic Surgery, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Hao Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
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