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Wang Y, Chen W, Cui Z, Sun G, Zhang K. Using quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric metasurface array to enhance terahertz fingerprint sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2477-2480. [PMID: 38691748 DOI: 10.1364/ol.522765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The terahertz absorption fingerprint spectrum is crucial for qualitative spectral analysis, revealing the rotational or vibrational energy levels of numerous biological macromolecules and chemicals within the THz frequency range. However, conventional sensing in this band is hindered by weak interactions with trace analytes, leading to subtle signals. In this Letter, an all-dielectric metasurface array is proposed to enhance the absorption fingerprint spectrum using quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonance. The observable quasi-BIC resonance is achieved by breaking the symmetry of the C2v structure. The periodic dimensions of the structure are adjusted to excite quasi-BIC resonances at different frequencies, thereby enhancing the fingerprint spectra of four different substances. By exploiting the correlation between the Q-factor and absorption across different frequencies, calibration of the molecular absorption fingerprint spectrum obtained through metasurface sensing yields precise enhanced absorption fingerprint spectra for various substances within the 0.55-1.6 THz range. Our Letter introduces a novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for trace sensing in the THz frequency range, demonstrating the promising potential for enhanced absorption fingerprint spectrum sensing.
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Lin T, Huang Y, Zhong S, Shi T, Sun F, Zhong Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Q, Cui D. Passive trapping of biomolecules in hotspots with all-dielectric terahertz metamaterials. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116126. [PMID: 38367565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterials feature the capability of squeezing photons into hotspot regions of high intensity near-field enhancement for strong light-matter interaction, underpinning the next generation of emerging biosensors. However, randomly dispersed biomolecules around the hotspots lead to weak interactions. Here, we demonstrate an all-silicon dielectric terahertz metamaterial sensor design capable of passively trapping biomoleculars into the resonant cavities confined with powerful electric field. Specifically, multiple controllable high-quality factor resonances driven by bound states in the continuum (BIC) are realized by employing longitudinal symmetry breaking. The dielectric metamaterial sensor with nearly 15.2 experimental figure-of-merit enabling qualitative and quantitative identification of different amino acids by delivering biomolecules to the hotspots for strong light-matter interactions. It is envisioned that the presented strategy will enlighten high-performance meta-sensors design from microwaves to visible frequencies, and serve as a potential platform for microfluidic sensing, biomolecular capture, and sorting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Tingting Shi
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiukun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Cao Y, Sun H, Chen Y, Ma L, Li L, Jin S, Wu W. A self-aligned assembling terahertz metasurface microfluidic sensor for liquid detection. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38639046 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports a new terahertz metasurface microfluidic sensor, which is actually a kind of reflective terahertz metasurface absorber with a microfluidic-channel structure located in the strong field energy region of the absorber. The metasurface structure is made on an ultra-thin quartz substrate as the cap layer, while a two-step structure is made on a silicon substrate as the pedestal layer. In order to precisely control the thickness of the microfluidic channel, the cap layer is self-aligned assembled with the pedestal layer to form the terahertz metasurface microfluidic sensor. The obtained sensor could enhance the light-matter interaction, resulting in high sensing performance. The measured results show that the sensor has a perfect absorption peak at 2.60 THz and a high Q-factor of 62.59, which are basically consistent with the simulated results. The sensitivity and FOM calculated based on the measured results of different liquids with different refractive indices is 0.733 THz per RIU and 16.4, respectively. Compared with some recently related work, the sensitivity is increased by about 40%, the Q-factor is increased by 3-5 times, and the FOM is increased by 5 times, which make the sensor have great application potential for solution detection in the terahertz frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Hongshun Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yusa Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Liye Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Shengxiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, P. R. China
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Cui Z, Wang Y, Sun G, Chen W, Zhang X, Zhang K, Wang X. Coupling-Based Multiple Bound States in the Continuum and Grating-Assisted Permittivity Retrieval in the Terahertz Metasurface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7631-7639. [PMID: 38300745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) metasurfaces that support bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a promising platform for various applications due to their high Q-factor resonance. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate multiple BICs with different resonance symmetries in the THz metasurface based on mode coupling. The proposed metasurface is composed of 2 × 2 split ring resonators (SRRs) metamolecules. The SRRs of two different gap angles in the metamolecule lattice provide intrinsic resonance with different frequencies, and the coupling between them exhibits high transmission quasi-BIC resonance, which can be tuned by varying the gap angle. The arrangement of SRRs in the 2 × 2 metamolecule lattice determines the types of coupling that govern the resonance symmetry of quasi-BIC. More interestingly, the multiple quasi-BICs enabled by different couplings can be simultaneously achieved in a metasurface. Apart from tuning the gap angles, the permittivity in the vicinity of SRRs also changes the resonance frequency. Consequently, quasi-BIC can be artificially formed by deliberately constructing the permittivity difference of the dielectric environment on the SRRs. In view of this, we introduce the scheme of permittivity retrieval for the dispersive analyte, assisted by the fixed-permittivity gratings. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the metasurface in combination with the microfluidic chip for the sensing of the glucose solution concentration. Our findings offer a possible strategy for the existing manufactured metasurface to achieve quasi-BIC resonance and provide a promising candidate for approaching the spectral analysis of the biochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
| | - Guangcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenshuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
| | - Kuang Zhang
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Xinmei Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
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Zhang W, Lin J, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Shang W, Chin LK, Zhang M. Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275304 PMCID: PMC10813048 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiahan Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxin Yuan
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanxiao Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenli Shang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Saadatmand SB, Shokouhi S, Ahmadi V, Hamidi SM. Design and analysis of a flexible Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskite metastructure based on symmetry-protected THz-bound states in the continuum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22411. [PMID: 38104133 PMCID: PMC10725462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskite PEA2PbX4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) is proposed for metasurface applications. Density functional theory is used to analyze the optical, electrical, mechanical properties, moisture and thermodynamic stability of PEA2PbX4. The refractive index of PEA2PbX4 varies with the halides, resulting in 2.131, 1.901, and 1.842 for X = I, Br, and Cl, respectively. Mechanical properties with Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximations indicate that all three materials are flexible and ductile. Based on the calculations of formation energy and adsorption of water molecules, PEA2PbI4 has superior thermodynamic and moisture stability. We present a novel metasurface based on 2D-PEA2PbI4 and analyze symmetry protected-bound states in the continuum (sp-BIC) excitation. The proposed structure can excite multiple Fano quasi-BICs (q-BICs) with exceptionally high Q-factors. We verify the group theoretical analysis and explore the near-field distribution and far-field scattering of q-BICs. The findings indicate that x-polarized incident waves can excite magnetic toroidal dipole-electromagnetic-induced transparency-BIC and magnetic quadrupole-BIC, while y-polarized incident waves can excite electric toroidal dipole-BIC and electric quadrupole-BIC. The influence of meta-atom and substrate losses, array size limitations, and fabrication tolerances are also discussed. The proposed structure can be employed for applications in the THz region, such as polarization-dependent filters, bidirectional optical switches, and wearable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samad Shokouhi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
- Magneto-Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Zhong H, He T, Meng Y, Xiao Q. Photonic Bound States in the Continuum in Nanostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7112. [PMID: 38005042 PMCID: PMC10672634 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) have garnered considerable attention recently for their unique capacity to confine electromagnetic waves within an open or non-Hermitian system. Utilizing a variety of light confinement mechanisms, nanostructures can achieve ultra-high quality factors and intense field localization with BIC, offering advantages such as long-living resonance modes, adaptable light control, and enhanced light-matter interactions, paving the way for innovative developments in photonics. This review outlines novel functionality and performance enhancements by synergizing optical BIC with diverse nanostructures, delivering an in-depth analysis of BIC designs in gratings, photonic crystals, waveguides, and metasurfaces. Additionally, we showcase the latest advancements of BIC in 2D material platforms and suggest potential trajectories for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (Y.M.)
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Meng Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, He T, Kim JS, Han S, Kim S, Park S, Shen Y, Gong M, Xiao Q, Bae SH. Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1345-1365. [PMID: 37608742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongkun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sunok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Seoungwoong Park
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yijie Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Qiu D, Sun S, Cheng X, Jin X, Qiao Y, Zhang W, Yang D, Chen X, Li Z, Li J, Yao J. The bound state in the continuum in flexible terahertz metasurfaces enabled sensitive biosensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22319-22324. [PMID: 37578284 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a flexible device and novel electromagnetic resonances offers new dimensions to manipulate electromagnetic waves and promises new device functionalities. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a flexible metasurface that can support the bound state in the continuum (BIC) in the terahertz regime. The metasurface consists of toroidal dipole resonant units on top of the flexible polyimide substrate, which can support a terahertz Friedrich-Wintgen BIC resonance, and the resonance characteristics can be tuned by changing the parameters of the coupling unit among two resonant modes. The BIC resonances under different bending conditions are analyzed and compared, showing decent mechanical robustness. The sensing application is demonstrated by combining Fetal Bovine Serum with the flexible BIC metasurface. The measured minimum detectable concentration is 0.007 mg mL-1. Benefiting from the mechanical flexibility and BIC resonance characteristics, our approach can effectively manipulate terahertz waves and have potential applications in the realization of multifunctional and flexible photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Shuai Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xuelan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Yutong Qiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Dexing Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Zeren Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wang R, Xu L, Huang L, Zhang X, Ruan H, Yang X, Lou J, Chang C, Du X. Ultrasensitive Terahertz Biodetection Enabled by Quasi-BIC-Based Metasensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301165. [PMID: 37162455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced sensing devices, highly sensitive, and reliable in detecting ultralow concentrations of circulating biomarkers, are extremely desirable and hold great promise for early diagnostics and real-time progression monitoring of diseases. Nowadays, the most commonly used clinical methods for diagnosing biomarkers suffer from complicated procedures and being time consumption. Here, a chip-based portable ultra-sensitive THz metasensor is reported by exploring quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) and demonstrate its capability for sensing low-concentration analytes. The designed metasensor is made of the designed split-ring resonator metasurface which supports magnetic dipole quasi-BIC combining functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the specific antibody. Attributed to the strong near-field enhancement near the surface of the microstructure enabled by the quasi-BICs, light-analyte interactions are greatly enhanced, and thus the device's sensitivity is boosted significantly. The system sensitivity slope is up to 674 GHz/RIU, allowing for repeatable resolving detecting ultralow concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA), respectively, down to 1 pM. The results touch a range that cannot be achieved by ordinary immunological assays alone, offering a novel non-destructive and rapid trace measured approach for next-generation biomedical quantitative detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lujun Huang
- The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory (XXL), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobao Zhang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ruan
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
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11
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Wang T, Yang Z, Li T, Yao H, Lu Y, Yan X, Cao M, Yang M, Liang L, Zheng W, Wu X, Yao J. Ultrasensitive optical modulation in hybrid metal-perovskite and metal-graphene metasurface THz devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20080-20091. [PMID: 37381409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of efficient terahertz (THz) wave control is essential for THz technology development for applications including sixth-generation communications and THz sensing. Therefore, realization of tunable THz devices with large-scale intensity modulation capabilities is highly desirable. By integrating perovskite and graphene with a metallic asymmetric metasurface, two ultrasensitive devices for dynamic THz wave manipulation through low-power optical excitation are demonstrated experimentally here. The perovskite-based hybrid metadevice offers ultrasensitive modulation with a maximum modulation depth for the transmission amplitude reaching 190.2% at the low optical pump power of 5.90 mW/cm2. Additionally, a maximum modulation depth of 227.11% is achieved in the graphene-based hybrid metadevice at a power density of 18.87 mW/cm2. This work paves the way toward design and development of ultrasensitive devices for optical modulation of THz waves.
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12
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Roh I, Goh SH, Meng Y, Kim JS, Han S, Xu Z, Lee HE, Kim Y, Bae SH. Applications of remote epitaxy and van der Waals epitaxy. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:20. [PMID: 37120780 PMCID: PMC10149550 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxy technology produces high-quality material building blocks that underpin various fields of applications. However, fundamental limitations exist for conventional epitaxy, such as the lattice matching constraints that have greatly narrowed down the choices of available epitaxial material combinations. Recent emerging epitaxy techniques such as remote and van der Waals epitaxy have shown exciting perspectives to overcome these limitations and provide freestanding nanomembranes for massive novel applications. Here, we review the mechanism and fundamentals for van der Waals and remote epitaxy to produce freestanding nanomembranes. Key benefits that are exclusive to these two growth strategies are comprehensively summarized. A number of original applications have also been discussed, highlighting the advantages of these freestanding films-based designs. Finally, we discuss the current limitations with possible solutions and potential future directions towards nanomembranes-based advanced heterogeneous integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpyo Roh
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA
- R&D CENTER, M.O.P Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07281, South Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Goh
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yuan Meng
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- The Institution of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Zhihao Xu
- The Institution of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Yeongin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
- The Institution of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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13
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Zhao W, Zhang Q, Zheng H, Bai Y, Yu Y, Chen Z, Yun X, Liu SD. Resonance coupling between chiral quasi-BICs and achiral molecular excitons in dielectric metasurface J-aggregate heterostructures. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1252-1255. [PMID: 36857260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.483147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The realization of flexible tuning and enhanced chiral responses is vital for many applications in nanophotonics. This study proposes to manipulate the collective optical responses with heterostructures consisting of chiral dielectric metasurfaces and achiral J-aggregates. Owing to the resonance coupling between the chiral quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) and the achiral exciton mode, large mode splitting and anticrossing are observed in both the transmission and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, which indicates the formation of hybrid chiral eigenmodes and the realization of the strong coupling regime. Considering that the radiative and dissipative damping of the hybrid eigenmodes depends on the coherent energy exchange, the chiral resonances can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the geometry and optical constants for the heterostructure, and the CD of the three hybrid eigenmodes approach the maximum (∼1) simultaneously when the critical coupling conditions are satisfied, which can be promising for enhanced chiral light-matter interactions.
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14
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Niu Q, Fu L, Zhong Y, Cui B, Zhang G, Yang Y. Sensitive and Specific Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigens Using Toroidal Metamaterial Biosensors Integrated with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1123-1131. [PMID: 36524836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a biomarker that is highly expressed in cancer patients. Label-free, highly sensitive, and specific detection of CEA biomarkers can therefore greatly aid in the early detection and screening of cancer. This study presents a toroidal metamaterial biosensor integrated with functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that demonstrated highly sensitive and specific detection of CEA using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. In the biosensor, a closed-loop magnetic field formed an electrical confinement, resulting in a high sensitivity (287.8 GHz/RIU) and an ultrahigh quality factor (15.04). In addition, the integrated AuNPs with high refractive indices significantly enhanced the sensing performance of the biosensor. To explore the quantitative and qualitative detection of CEA, CEA biomarkers with various concentrations and four types of proteins were measured by the designed biosensor, achieving a limit of detection of 0.17 ng and high specificity. Even more significant, the proposed AuNP-integrated THz toroidal metamaterial biosensor demonstrates exceptional potential for use in technologies for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Niu
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liling Fu
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhong
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.,Engineering Research Center of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guling Zhang
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.,Engineering Research Center of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.,Engineering Research Center of Photonic Design Software, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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Ma Z, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Lou J, Zhao P, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yu Y, Sun W, Yan Y, Yang X, Sun L, Wang R, Chang C, Li X, Du X. Identification and quantitative detection of two pathogenic bacteria based on a terahertz metasensor. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:515-521. [PMID: 36519408 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection can cause a series of diseases and play a vital role in medical care. Therefore, early diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for effective treatment and the prevention of further infection. However, restricted by the current technology, bacterial detection is usually time-consuming and laborious and the samples need tedious processing even to be tested. Herein, we present a terahertz metasensor based on the coupling of electrical and toroidal dipoles to achieve rapid, non-destructive, label-free identification and highly sensitive quantitative detection of the two most common pathogenic bacteria. The reinforcement of the toroidal dipole significantly boosts the light-matter interactions around the surface of the microstructure, and thus the sensitivity and Q factor of the designed metasensor reach as high as 378 GHz per refractive index unit (RIU) and 21.28, respectively. Combined with the aforementioned advantages, the proposed metasensor successfully identified Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and quantitatively detected four concentrations with the lowest detectable concentration being ∼104 cfu mL-1 in the experiment. This work naturally enriches the research on THz metasensors based on the interference mechanism and inspires more innovations to facilitate the development of biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chiben Zhang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xingpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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16
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Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Label-Free Bound-States-in-the-Continuum Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1120. [PMID: 36551087 PMCID: PMC9775062 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable attentions for biological and chemical sensing due to their infinite quality (Q)-factors in theory. Such high-Q devices with enhanced light-matter interaction ability are very sensitive to the local refractive index changes, opening a new horizon for advanced biosensing. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of label-free optical biosensors governed by BICs. These BICs biosensors are summarized from the perspective of constituent materials (i.e., dielectric, metal, and hybrid) and structures (i.e., grating, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals). Finally, the current challenges are discussed and an outlook is also presented for BICs inspired biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - You Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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17
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Recent progress in terahertz biosensors based on artificial electromagnetic subwavelength structure. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Yin W, Shen Z, Cui Y, Hao H, Zhang H, Li S, Gao F, Fan S, Zhang L, Chen X. Highly sensitive terahertz sensing with 3D-printed metasurfaces empowered by a toroidal dipole. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5513-5516. [PMID: 37219257 DOI: 10.1364/ol.472923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive terahertz (THz) sensing with metasurfaces has attracted considerable attention recently. However, ultrahigh sensing sensitivity remains a huge challenge for practical applications. To improve the sensitivity of these devices, herein we have proposed an out-of-plane metasurface-assisted THz sensor consisting of periodically arranged bar-like meta-atoms. Benefiting from elaborate out-of-plane structures, the proposed THz sensor with high sensing sensitivity of 325 GHz/RIU can be easily fabricated via a simple three-step fabrication process, and the maximum sensing sensitivity can be ascribed to toroidal dipole resonance-enhanced THz-matter interactions. The sensing ability of the fabricated sensor is experimentally characterized by the detection of three types of analytes. It is believed that the proposed THz sensor with ultrahigh sensing sensitivity and its fabrication method might provide great potential in emerging THz sensing applications.
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19
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Li S, Li S, Wang Y. Near-infrared toroidal dipole response supported by silicon metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:7388-7392. [PMID: 36256039 DOI: 10.1364/ao.465264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric metasurfaces supporting non-radiative toroidal dipole resonances play important roles in nanophotonics. In this paper, toroidal dipole resonances using a double-axe nanostructure array in the near-infrared region are theoretically investigated by the characterization of the near-field distribution and far-field scattering. An experimental quality factor of 261 is obtained at the resonant wavelength of 1498 nm.
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20
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Yin W, Shen Z, Li S, Cui Y, Gao F, Hao H, Zhang L, Chen X. THz absorbers with an ultrahigh Q-factor empowered by the quasi-bound states in the continuum for sensing application. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32162-32173. [PMID: 36242284 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional resonances excited by symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) have provided significant potential in high-sensitive sensing applications. Herein, we have proposed a type of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) absorbers supported by QBIC-induced resonances, and the ideal Q-factors of QBIC-induced resonances can be enhanced up to 105 in the THz regime. The coupled mode theory and the multipole scattering theory are employed to thoroughly interpret the QBIC-induced absorption mechanism. Furthermore, the refractive index sensing capacities of the as-presented absorbers have been investigated, where the maximum values of the sensing sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) can reach up to 187 GHz per refractive index unit and 286, respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed absorbers enabled by QBIC-induced resonances hold promising potential in a broad range of highly demanding sensing applications.
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21
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Li G, Wang G, Yang T, Zhang Y, Shen J, Zhang B. Graphene-based terahertz bias-driven negative-conductivity metasurface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3342-3352. [PMID: 36131710 PMCID: PMC9417548 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-based terahertz negative-conductivity metasurface based on two types of unit cell structures is investigated under the control of an external bias voltage. Electrical characterization is conducted and verification is performed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and an optical-pump terahertz (THz)-probe system in terms of simulation and transient response analysis. Owing to the metal-like properties of graphene, a strong interaction between the metasurface and monolayer graphene yields a short-circuit effect, which considerably weakens the intensity of the resonance mode under passive conditions. Under active conditions, graphene, as an active load, actively induces a negative-conductivity effect, which enhances the THz transmission and recovers the resonance intensity gradually because of the weakening of the short-circuit effect. The resulting resonance frequency shows a blue shift. This study provides a reference value for combining graphene exhibiting the terahertz bias-driven negative-conductivity effect with metasurfaces and its corresponding applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Guocui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
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22
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Sun L, Xu L, Wang J, Jiao Y, Ma Z, Ma Z, Chang C, Yang X, Wang R. A pixelated frequency-agile metasurface for broadband terahertz molecular fingerprint sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9681-9685. [PMID: 35723251 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) plasmonic resonance based on an arbitrarily designed resonance metasurface is the key technique of choice for enhancing fingerprint absorption spectroscopy identification of biomolecules. Here, we report a broadband THz micro-photonics sensor based on a pixelated frequency-agile metasurface and illustrate its application ability to enhance and differentiate the detection of broadband absorption fingerprint spectra. The design uses symmetrical metal C-shape resonators with the functional graphene micro-ribbons selectively patterned into the gaps. A strong electric resonance with a high quality factor was formed, consisting of an electric dipole mode associated with the excitation of a dark toroidal dipole (TD) mode through the coupling from the electric dipole moment of the individual frequency-agile meta-unit. The resonance positions are nearly linearly modulated with the varying Fermi level of graphene. The configuration arranges a certain metapixel of the metasurface to multiple response spectra assembling a one-to-many mapping between spatial and spectral information which is instrumental in greatly shrinking the actual size of the sensor. By the synchronous regulation of graphene and C-shape rings, we have obtained highly surface-sensitive resonances over a wide spectral range (∼1.5 THz) with a spectral resolution less than 20 GHz. The target multiple enhanced absorption spectrum of glucose molecules is read out in a broadband region with high sensitivity. More importantly, the design can be extended to cover a larger spectral region by altering the range of geometrical parameters. Our microphotonic technique can resolve absorption fingerprints without the need for spectrometry and frequency scanning, thereby providing an approach for highly sensitive and versatile miniaturized THz spectroscopy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghong Ma
- The Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, China
| | - Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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23
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Wang J, Xia S, Wang R, Ma R, Lu Y, Zhang X, Song D, Wu Q, Morandotti R, Xu J, Chen Z. Topologically tuned terahertz confinement in a nonlinear photonic chip. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:152. [PMID: 35606368 PMCID: PMC9126941 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compact terahertz (THz) functional devices are greatly sought after for high-speed wireless communication, biochemical sensing, and non-destructive inspection. However, controlled THz generation, along with transport and detection, has remained a challenge especially for chip-scale devices due to low-coupling efficiency and unavoidable absorption losses. Here, based on the topological protection of electromagnetic waves, we demonstrate nonlinear generation and topologically tuned confinement of THz waves in an engineered lithium niobate chip forming a wedge-shaped Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice. Experimentally measured band structures provide direct visualization of the THz localization in the momentum space, while robustness of the confined mode against chiral perturbations is also analyzed and compared for both topologically trivial and nontrivial regimes. Such topological control of THz waves may bring about new possibilities in the realization of THz integrated circuits, promising for advanced photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shiqi Xia
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobin Ma
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Daohong Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Jingjun Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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24
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All-Optical Tuning of Fano Resonance for Quasi-BIC and Terahertz Sensing Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bound states in the continuum (BIC) support anomalous resonances in the optical or terahertz band with a theoretically infinite quality factor. Therefore, it has great application prospects in the field of sensors. However, the current regulation of BIC mainly relies on the asymmetry of the material structure, which requires high processing technology. The structure can hardly be effectively adjusted once it is formed. In this work, we propose a new metasurface consisting of an array rectangular hole structure combined with aluminum and photosensitive silicon, which supports quasi-BIC to achieve ultrasensitive sensing in the terahertz range. By introducing photosensitive silicon, the asymmetry of the structure is efficiently controlled by the light field, thus realizing the bidirectional continuous control from quasi-BIC to BIC-like states. Through the optimization of the structure, a class of highly sensitive terahertz sensing based on optical tuning is finally proposed. The narrow-band quasi-BIC resonance is sensitive to medium thickness and refractive index, and compared with pure metal structure, the sensitivity and dynamic range can be increased by 2.60 times and 2.63 times, respectively. Due to the high slope of the Fano lineshape, sensitivity can reach 9.41 GHz/RIU and 0.65 GHz/μm, respectively. Furthermore, this feasible and practical structure provides an ideal platform for highly sensitive sensing.
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25
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Lou C, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yao J, Chang C, Ma Y, Liu X. Ultra-broadband optical detection from the visible to the terahertz range using a miniature quartz tuning fork. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1875-1878. [PMID: 35363758 DOI: 10.1364/ol.452984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sensitive and wideband optical detection strategy based on the light-induced thermoelastic effect in a miniature quartz tuning fork (mQTF) with low stiffness prongs. Compared with a traditional QTF, the soft prongs of the mQTF result in improved sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that the mQTF exhibits ∼54-fold superior sensitivity compared to a QTF, and the mQTF sensor has an ultra-broadband optical response, ranging from visible light to terahertz wavelengths. Its response time reaches 11.7 ms, and the minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) is measured to be 2.2 × 10-9 W Hz-1/2 at room temperature. The mQTF exhibits advantages in its cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and ultra-broadband response, and provides a promising approach for the detection of low-dose optical and terahertz-wave radiation.
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Wang H, Shi W, Hou L, Wang Z, Wu M, Li C, Li C. Effect of THz spectra of L-Arginine molecules by the combination of water molecules. iScience 2022; 25:103788. [PMID: 35198864 PMCID: PMC8844811 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most biomolecules are biologically active only in water; hence, it is worth investigating whether THz spectra of biomolecules are affected by the combination of water molecules and biomolecules. In this report, by combining the sample cell with the THz-TDS system, the THz spectra of L-Arginine crystal as well as its hydrate and aqueous solution are measured. The experimental results show that L-Arginine crystal and its hydrate share the same three absorption peaks at 0.99, 1.46, and 1.7 THz, respectively. But the trend of characteristic absorption spectrum of L-arginine solution is almost identical to that of free water. Because the contents of free water and hydrated water are different in many diseased and normal tissues, the diseased tissues can be detected according to the difference in THz spectral information. The proposed approach provides a reliable means for the detection of pathological changes of active molecules and tissues. L-Arginine crystal and its hydrate have the same three absorption peaks L-Arginine solution and free water have the same trend of absorption spectra The increment of water volume in the sample, the absorption baseline is rising
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Lei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Meilin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Photoelectric Technology and Terahertz Science in Shaanxi, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
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