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Monzón González CR, Sánchez Vergara ME, Elías‐Espinosa MC, Rodríguez‐Valencia SA, López‐Mayorga BJ, Castillo‐Arroyave JL, Toscano RA, Flores OL, Álvarez Toledano C. Design of Promising Uranyl(VI) Complexes Thin Films with Potential Applications in Molecular Electronics. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300219. [PMID: 38180301 PMCID: PMC11164027 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, it is proposed the development of organic semiconductors (OS) based on uranyl(VI) complexes. The above by means of the synthesis and the characterization of the complexes by Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. Films of these complexes were deposited and subsequently, topographic and structural characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, the nanomechanical evaluation was performed to know the stiffness of uranyl films using their modulus of elasticity. Also, the optical characterization took place in the devices and their bandgap value ranges between 2.40 and 2.93 eV being the minor for the film of the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 4 (2 c). Finally, the electrical behavior of the uranyl(VI) films was evaluated, and important differences were obtained: the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 2 (2 a) film is not influenced by changes in lighting and its current density is in the order of 10-3 A/cm2. The film with uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 3 (2 b) and 2 c presents a greater current flow under lighting conditions and two orders of magnitude larger than in film 2 a. In these films 2 b and 2 c, ohmic behavior occurs at low voltages, while at high voltages the charge transport changes to space-charge limited current behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Raúl Monzón González
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n. C.U.Delegación Coyoacán, C.P.04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Anáhuac MéxicoAvenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas AnáhuacHuixquilucanEstado de México52786México
| | - Milton Carlos Elías‐Espinosa
- Tecnológico de MonterreyEscuela de Ingeniería y CienciasAv. Carlos Lazo 100Santa Fe, La LomaCiudad de MéxicoMéxico01389
- Tecnológico de MonterreyEscuela de Ingeniería y CienciasCalle del PuenteEjidos de Huipulco, TlalpanCiudad de MéxicoMéxico14380
| | - Sergio Arturo Rodríguez‐Valencia
- Tecnológico de MonterreyEscuela de Ingeniería y CienciasCarr. Lago de Guadalupe Km. 3.5, Col. Margarita Maza de JuárezAtizapán de ZaragozaEstado de MéxicoMéxico52926
| | - Byron José López‐Mayorga
- Escuela de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmaciaUniversidad de San Carlos de Guatemala11 avenidaCiudad de GuatemalaGuatemala01012
| | - José León Castillo‐Arroyave
- Escuela de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmaciaUniversidad de San Carlos de Guatemala11 avenidaCiudad de GuatemalaGuatemala01012
| | - Rubén Alfredo Toscano
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n. C.U.Delegación Coyoacán, C.P.04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Octavio Lozada Flores
- Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad PanamericanaAugusto Rodin 498Ciudad de México03920México
| | - Cecilio Álvarez Toledano
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior s/n. C.U.Delegación Coyoacán, C.P.04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
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2
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Wilhelmer R, Diez M, Krondorfer JK, Hauser AW. Molecular Pseudorotation in Phthalocyanines as a Tool for Magnetic Field Control at the Nanoscale. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14620-14632. [PMID: 38743819 PMCID: PMC11140746 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines, a highly versatile class of aromatic, planar, macrocyclic molecules with a chelated central metal ion, are topical objects of ongoing research and particularly interesting due to their magnetic properties. However, while the current focus lies almost exclusively on spin-Zeeman-related effects, the high symmetry of the molecule and its circular shape suggests the exploitation of light-induced excitation of 2-fold degenerate vibrational states in order to generate, switch, and manipulate magnetic fields at the nanoscale. The underlying mechanism is a molecular pseudorotation that can be triggered by infrared pulses and gives rise to a quantized, small, but controllable magnetic dipole moment. We investigate the optical stimulation of vibrationally induced molecular magnetism and estimate changes in the magnetic shielding constants for confirmation by future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Wilhelmer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Diez
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes K Krondorfer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas W Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Lim S, Nguyen KV, Lee WH. Enhancing Sensitivity in Gas Detection: Porous Structures in Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2862. [PMID: 38732968 PMCID: PMC11086080 DOI: 10.3390/s24092862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gas detection is crucial for detecting environmentally harmful gases. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their promising performance and potential for integration into flexible and wearable devices. This review examines the operating mechanisms of OFET-based gas sensors and explores methods for improving sensitivity, with a focus on porous structures. Researchers have achieved significant enhancements in sensor performance by controlling the thickness and free volume of the organic semiconductor layer. Additionally, innovative fabrication techniques like self-assembly and etching have been used to create porous structures, facilitating the diffusion of target gas molecules, and improving sensor response and recovery. These advancements in porous structure fabrication suggest a promising future for OFET-based gas sensors, offering increased sensitivity and selectivity across various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lamontagne HR, Cranston RR, Comeau ZJ, Harris CS, Shuhendler AJ, Lessard BH. Axial Phenoxylation of Aluminum Phthalocyanines for Improved Cannabinoid Sensitivity in OTFT Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2305515. [PMID: 38641886 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis producers, consumers, and regulators need fast, accurate, point-of-use sensors to detect Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) from both liquid and vapor source samples, and phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) provide a cost-effective solution. Chloro aluminum phthalocyanine (Cl-AlPc) has emerged as a promising material due to its unique coordinating interactions with cannabinoids, allowing for superior sensitivity. This work explores the molecular engineering of AlPc to tune and enhance these interactions, where a series of novel phenxoylated R-AlPcs are synthesized and integrated into OTFTs, which are then exposed to THC and CBD solution and vapor samples. While the R-AlPc substituted molecules have a comparable baseline device performance to Cl-AlPc, their new crystal structures and weakened intermolecular interactions increase sensitivity to THC. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to investigate this film restructuring, where a significant shift in the crystal structure, grain size, and film roughness is detected for the R-AlPc molecules that do not occur with Cl-AlPc. This significant crystal reorganization and film restructuring are the driving force behind the improved sensitivity to cannabinoids relative to Cl-AlPc and demonstrate that analyte-semiconductor interactions can be enhanced through chemical modification to create more responsive OTFT sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halynne R Lamontagne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rosemary R Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zachary J Comeau
- Advanced Electronics and Devices, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Cory S Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Alsharif MA, Darwish AAA, Qashou SI, Alaysuy O, El-Zaidia EFM, Al-Ghamdi SA, Sadiq M, Alqurashi RS, Al-Abandi MH, Hamdalla TA. Optical and electronic properties of MgPc-Ch-diisoQ blend organic thin film as an active layer for photovoltaic cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299079. [PMID: 38630772 PMCID: PMC11023275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells are a promising technology for generating renewable energy from sunlight. These cells are made from organic materials, such as polymers or small molecules, and can be lightweight, flexible, and low-cost. Here, we have created a novel mixture of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) and chlorophenyl ethyl diisoquinoline (Ch-diisoQ). A coating unit has been utilized in preparing MgPc, Ch-diisoQ, and MgPc-Ch-diisoQ films onto to FTO substrate. The MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film has a spherical and homogeneous surface morphology with a grain size of 15.9 nm. The optical absorption of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film was measured, and three distinct bands were observed at 800-600 nm, 600-400 nm, and 400-250 nm, with a band gap energy of 1.58 eV. The current density-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements were performed to analyze the photoelectric properties of the three tested cells. The forward current density obtained from our investigated blend cell is more significant than that for each material by about 22%. The photovoltaic parameters (Voc, Isc, and FF) of the MgPc-Ch-diisoQ cell were found to be 0.45 V, 2.12 μA, and 0.4, respectively. We believe that our investigated MgPc-Ch-diisoQ film will be a promising active layer in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. A. A. Darwish
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem I. Qashou
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omaymah Alaysuy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. F. M. El-Zaidia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physics, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S. A. Al-Ghamdi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Sadiq
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Taymour A. Hamdalla
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Sandoval Plata EI, Ballinas Indili R, Salcedo R, Álvarez Toledano C. Structural determination, characterization and computational studies of doped semiconductors base silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide and dienynoic acids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25518. [PMID: 38356521 PMCID: PMC10864961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical doping of silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide (SiPc(OH)2), with (2E, 4Z)-5, 7-diphenylhepta-2, 4-dien-6-ynoic acids (DAc) with electron-withdrawing (BrDAc) and electron-donating (MeODAc) substituents is the main purpose of this work. Theoretical calculations were carried out on Gaussian16 software, with geometrical optimization of all involved species, and obtention of the highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the respective energy gaps. The theoretical calculations show two hydrogen bridge formations: the first one as a peripheral interaction between the terminal oxygen atoms from the acid unit and hydrogen atoms from the phthalocyanine aromatic rings. The second one as the interaction at the nitrogen atoms of the phthalocyanine, which are compelled to form a new flat plane far from the original flat phthalocyanine deck. These organic semiconductors were deposited as thin films and characterized by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the optical parameters were gathered from UV-Vis studies. The indirect and direct optical band gap, the onset gap and the Urbach energy were obtained. In order to compare the effect of the acids as dopants of the silicon phthalocyanine, the SiPc(OH)2-DAc films were electrically characterized. The SiPc(OH)2-DAc films exhibit an ambipolar electrical behavior, which is influenced by the incidence of different lighting conditions at voltages above 0.3V. The glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-MeODAc/Ag reaches a maximum current of 5.68 × 10-5 A for natural light condition, while the glass/ITO/SiPc(OH)2-BrDAc/Ag, reaches a maximum current of 9.21 × 10-9 A for white illumination condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio I. Sandoval Plata
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, 52786, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ballinas Indili
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Ahmadipour M, Bhattacharya A, Sarafbidabad M, Syuhada Sazali E, Krishna Ghoshal S, Satgunam M, Singh R, Rezaei Ardani M, Missaoui N, Kahri H, Pal U, Ling Pang A. CA19-9 and CEA biosensors in pancreatic cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117788. [PMID: 38246211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathophysiological condition causing millions of deaths each year. Early diagnosis is essential especially for pancreatic cancer. Existing diagnostic tools rely on circulating biomarkers such as Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). Unfortunately, these markers are nonspecific and may be increased in a variety of disorders. Accordingly, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer generally involves more invasive approaches such as biopsy as well as imaging studies. Recent advances in biosensor technology have allowed the development of precise diagnostic tools having enhanced analytical sensitivity and specificity. Herein we examine these advances in the detection of cancer in general and in pancreatic cancer specifically. Furthermore, we highlight novel technologies in the measurement of CA19-9 and CEA and explore their future application in the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadipour
- Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43650 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Anish Bhattacharya
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Ibnu Sina Institute of Laser Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohsen Sarafbidabad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ezza Syuhada Sazali
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Ibnu Sina Institute of Laser Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sib Krishna Ghoshal
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Ibnu Sina Institute of Laser Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Meenaloshini Satgunam
- Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43650 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43650 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43650 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Processing (AMMP), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Ardani
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nadhem Missaoui
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Kahri
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ujjwal Pal
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ai Ling Pang
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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8
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Toledo Dircio E, Cantera Cantera LA, Bazán-Diaz L, Salcedo R. Using Recycled Tetrapak and Doped Titanyl/Vanadyl Phthalocyanine to Make Solid-State Devices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:309. [PMID: 38255476 PMCID: PMC10817484 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work we studied the semiconductor behavior of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), doped with anthraflavic acid and deposited on Tetrapak/graphite as flexible electrodes. The molecular structure was approached using the density functional theory and astonishingly, it was found that the structure and electronic behavior can change depending on the metal in the phthalocyanine. Experimentally, the Root Mean Square was found to be 124 and 151 nm for the VOPc-Anthraflavine and TiOPc-Anthraflavine films, respectively, and the maximum stress was 8.58 MPa for the film with VOPc. The TiOPc-Anthraflavine film presents the smallest fundamental gap of 1.81 eV and 1.98 eV for indirect and direct transitions, respectively. Finally, the solid-state devices were fabricated, and the electrical properties were examined. The tests showed that the current-voltage curves of the devices on Tetrapak and VOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate exhibit the same current saturation behavior at 10 mA, which is achieved for different voltage values. Since the current-voltage curves of the TiOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate presents a defined diode model behavior, it was approximated by nonlinear least squares, and it has been determined that the threshold voltage of the sample for the different lighting conditions is between 0.6 and 0.8 volts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Emiliano Toledo Dircio
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Cantera Cantera
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional—ESIME, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Gustavo A. Madero, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Bazán-Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n. C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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9
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Ben Brahim N, Touaiti S, Sellés J, Lambry JC, Negrerie M. The control of nitric oxide dynamics and interaction with substituted zinc-phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:772-780. [PMID: 38086651 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are artificial macrocycles that can harbour a central metal atom with four symmetric coordinations. Similar to metal-porphyrins, metal-phthalocyanines (M-PCs) may bind small molecules, especially diatomic gases such as NO and O2. Furthermore, various chemical chains can be grafted at the periphery of the M-PC macrocycle, which can change its properties, including the interaction with diatomic gases. In this study, we synthesized Zn-PCs with two different substituents and investigated their effects on the interaction and dynamics of nitric oxide (NO). Time-resolved absorption spectroscopy from picosecond to millisecond revealed that NO dynamics dramatically depends on the nature of the groups grafted to the Zn-PC macrocycle. These experimental results were rationalized by DFT calculations, which demonstrate that electrostatic interactions between NO and the quinoleinoxy substituent modify the potential energy surface and decrease the energy barrier for NO recombination, thus controlling its affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Ben Brahim
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Bd. de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Touaiti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Institut Supérieur de l'Education et de la Formation Continue, 2000 Bardo, Tunisia
| | - Julien Sellés
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Micro-Algues, UMR 7141 CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lambry
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U-1182, CNRS UMR-7645, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Michel Negrerie
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, INSERM U-1182, CNRS UMR-7645, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
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10
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Dickson LE, Cranston RR, Xu H, Swaraj S, Seferos DS, Lessard BH. Blade Coating Poly(3-hexylthiophene): The Importance of Molecular Weight on Thin-Film Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55109-55118. [PMID: 37963182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) is one of the most prevalent and promising conjugated polymers for use in organic electronics. However, the deposition of this material in thin films is highly dependent on the process, such as blade coating versus spin coating and material properties such as molecular weight. Typically, large polymer dispersity makes it difficult to isolate the effect of molecular weight without considering a distribution. In this study, we characterize oligothiophenes of exactly 8, 11, and 14 repeat units, which were deposited into thin films by varying blade coating conditions and postdeposition annealing. From synchrotron-based grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), Raman microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was suggested that higher molecular weight polymers exhibit a fast-forming crystalline polymorph (form-1) while low molecular weight polymers exhibit a slow forming polymorph (form-2) with large domain boundaries. As molecular weight is gradually increased, the polymorph formed transitions from form-1 and form-2, where 11 repeat unit oligomers display both polymorphs. We also found that processing conditions can increase the formation of the form-2 polymorph. We also report improved organic thin film transistor (OTFT) performance when form-1 is present. Overall, oligothiophene polymorph formation is highly dependent on the molecular weight and processing conditions, providing critical insight into the importance of polymer weight control in the development of thin-film electronics based on conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dickson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rosemary R Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sufal Swaraj
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, SOLEIL Synchrotron, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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11
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Lathia R, Nagpal S, Modak CD, Mishra S, Sharma D, Reddy BS, Nukala P, Bhat R, Sen P. Tunable encapsulation of sessile droplets with solid and liquid shells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6445. [PMID: 37833273 PMCID: PMC10575970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet encapsulations using liquid or solid shells are of significant interest in microreactors, drug delivery, crystallization, and cell growth applications. Despite progress in droplet-related technologies, tuning micron-scale shell thickness over a large range of droplet sizes is still a major challenge. In this work, we report capillary force assisted cloaking using hydrophobic colloidal particles and liquid-infused surfaces. The technique produces uniform solid and liquid shell encapsulations over a broad range (5-200 μm shell thickness for droplet volume spanning over four orders of magnitude). Tunable liquid encapsulation is shown to reduce the evaporation rate of droplets by up to 200 times with a wide tunability in lifetime (1.5 h to 12 days). Further, we propose using the technique for single crystals and cell/spheroid culture platforms. Stimuli-responsive solid shells show hermetic encapsulation with tunable strength and dissolution time. Moreover, scalability, and versatility of the technique is demonstrated for on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik Lathia
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Satchit Nagpal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Chandantaru Dey Modak
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Satyarthi Mishra
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Bheema Sankar Reddy
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Pavan Nukala
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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12
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Zhang Y, Doan BT, Gasser G. Metal-Based Photosensitizers as Inducers of Regulated Cell Death Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10135-10155. [PMID: 37534710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) have been discovered and were found to improve cancer treatment. Although there are several reviews on RCD induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT), a comprehensive summary covering metal-based photosensitizers (PSs) as RCD inducers has not yet been presented. In this review, we systematically summarize the works on metal-based PSs that induce different types of RCD, including ferroptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and pyroptosis. The characteristics and mechanisms of each RCD are explained. At the end of each section, a summary of the reported commonalities between different metal-based PSs inducing the same RCD is emphasized, and future perspectives on metal-based PSs inducing novel forms of RCD are discussed at the end of the review. Considering the essential roles of metal-based PSs and RCD in cancer therapy, we hope that this review will provide the stage for future advances in metal-based PSs as RCD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Doan
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnosis, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Hamo Y, Neudert A, Bendikov T, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Compositionally Controlled Electron Transfer in Metallo-Organics. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18075-18083. [PMID: 37529898 PMCID: PMC10436274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here the assembly of a nanolayer of electrochromic iron complexes on the top of composite layers of cobalt and ruthenium complexes. Depending on the ratio of the latter two complexes, we can tailor materials that show different electron transport pathways, redox activities, and color transitions. No redox activity of the top layer, consisting of iron complexes, is observable when the relative amount of the ruthenium complexes is low in the underlying composite layer because of the insulating properties of the isostructural cobalt complexes. Increasing the amount of ruthenium complexes opens an electron transport channel, resulting in charge storage in both the cobalt and iron complexes. The trapped charges can be chemically released by redox-active ferrocyanide complexes at the film-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Hamo
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alena Neudert
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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14
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Lebioda M, Korzeniewska E. The Influence of Buffer Layer Type on the Electrical Properties of Metallic Layers Deposited on Composite Textile Substrates in the PVD Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4856. [PMID: 37445172 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of developing wearable electronics, the miniaturization of electronic systems and their implementation in the textile industry is one of the key issues. For this reason, it is important to select the appropriate textile substrates upon which it is possible to produce electroconductive structures, as well as their selection from the point of view of the electrical parameters' stability. For this purpose, research related to the effect of heating a substrate on the resistance of the structures produced in the process of physical vacuum planting was conducted. Textile composites with a buffer layer made of polyurethane, Teflon, and acrylic were used as substrates in the tests. Such layers are an integral part of textile composites and a necessary element for producing structures with continuous electrical conductivity. The conducted tests showed that a buffer layer made of polyurethane (thermal conductivity, e.g., PERMACOL 5450 resin 0.16 W/mK) heated to 15 °C above room temperature was a layer that introduced changes into the surface resistance of the structures. The resistance values of the samples produced on a substrate containing a buffer layer of polyurethane varied in the range of 9-23%, depending on the manufacturer of the composite in the case of a self-heating mode, and in the case of an external heating mode, these changes were smaller and ranged from 8 to 16%. Such a phenomenon occurred regardless of the type of applied metal, and this was not observed in the case of composites with a Teflon or acrylic sublayer. For this reason, it is necessary to take into account the fact that textronic structures made on substrates containing a polyurethane layer may change the surface resistance depending on the temperature. The electrical parameters of such structures were checked by heating the structure using an external heater and self-heating mechanism. The same phenomenon was observed in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lebioda
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 18, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Luna Zempoalteca A, Hernández de la Luz JÁD, Luna Flores A, Luna López JA, Benítez Lara A. MnPc Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis at Low Temperatures: Optical, Morphological and Structural Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4357. [PMID: 37374540 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report how manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) films obtained using the ultrasonic spray-pyrolysis technique at 40 °C deposited on glass substrate subjected to thermal annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C. The MnPc films were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The absorption spectra of the MnPc films were studied in a wavelength range from 200 to 850 nm, where the characteristic bands of a metallic phthalocyanine known as B and Q bands were observed in this range of the spectrum. The optical energy band (Eg) was calculated using the Tauc equation. It was found that, for these MnPc films, the Eg has the values of 4.41, 4.46, and 3.58 eV corresponded to when they were deposited, annealing at 100 °C and 120 °C, respectively. The Raman spectra of the films showed the characteristic vibrational modes of the MnPc films. In the X-Ray diffractograms of these films, the characteristic diffraction peaks of a metallic phthalocyanine are observed, presenting a monoclinic phase. The SEM images of these films were studied in a cross-section obtaining thicknesses of 2 μm for the deposited film and 1.2 μm and 0.3 μm for the annealed films at 100 °C and 120 °C. Additionally, in the SEM images of these films, average particle sizes ranging from 4 to 0.041 µm were obtained. The results agree with those reported in the literature for MnPc films deposited by performing other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayantzi Luna Zempoalteca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Álvaro David Hernández de la Luz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Adan Luna Flores
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Luna López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación 14 Sur, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Benítez Lara
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C, Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico
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16
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Li T, Bandari VK, Schmidt OG. Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209088. [PMID: 36512432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next-generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one-molecule-electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two-molecule-electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two-molecule-electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Li
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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17
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King B, Radford CL, Vebber MC, Ronnasi B, Lessard BH. Not Just Surface Energy: The Role of Bis(pentafluorophenoxy) Silicon Phthalocyanine Axial Functionalization and Molecular Orientation on Organic Thin-Film Transistor Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of surface chemistry on the dielectric-semiconductor interface, thin-film morphology, and molecular alignment enables the optimization of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). We explored the properties of thin films of bis(pentafluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine (F10-SiPc) evaporated onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of varying surface energies and by weak epitaxy growth (WEG). The total surface energy (γtot), dispersive component of the total surface energy (γd), and polar component of the total surface energy (γp) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt method and related to electron field-effect mobility of devices (μe), and it was determined that minimizing γp and matching γtot yielded films with the largest relative domain sizes and highest resulting μe. Subsequent analyses were completed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to relate surface chemistry to thin-film morphology and molecular order at the surface and semiconductor-dielectric interface, respectively. Films evaporated on n-octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) yielded devices with the highest average μe of 7.2 × 10-2 cm2·V-1·s-1 that we attributed to it having both the largest domain length, which were extracted from power spectral density function (PSDF) analysis, and a subset of molecules with a pseudo edge-on orientation relative to the substrate. Films of F10-SiPc with the mean molecular orientation of the π-stacking direction being more edge-on relative to the substrate also generally resulted in OTFTs with a lower average VT. Unlike conventional MPcs, F10-SiPc films fabricated by WEG experienced no macrocycle in an edge-on configuration. These results demonstrate the critical role of the F10-SiPc axial groups on WEG, molecular orientation, and film morphology as a function of surface chemistry and the choice of SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin King
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chase L Radford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bahar Ronnasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Comeau ZJ, Cranston RR, Lamontagne HR, Shuhendler AJ, Lessard BH. Strong Magnetic Field Annealing for Improved Phthalocyanine Organic Thin-Film Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206792. [PMID: 36567424 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film microstructure, morphology, and polymorphism can be controlled and optimized to improve the performance of carbon-based electronics. Thermal or solvent vapor annealing are common post-deposition processing techniques; however, it can be difficult to control or destructive to the active layer or substrates. Here, the use of a static, strong magnetic field (SMF) as a non-destructive process for the improvement of phthalocyanine (Pc) thin-film microstructure, increasing organic thin-film transistor (OTFTs) mobility by twofold, is demonstrated. Grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) elucidate the effect of SMF on both para- and diamagnetic Pc thin-films when subjected to a magnetic field. A SMF is found to increase the concentration of oxygen-induced radical species within the Pc thin-film, lending a paramagnetic character to ordinarily diamagnetic metal-free Pc and resulting in magnetic field induced changes to its thin-film microstructures. In a nitrogen environment, without competing degradation effects of molecular oxygen, SMF processing is found to favorably improve charge transport characteristics and increase OTFT mobility. Thus, post-deposition thin-film annealing with a magnetic field is presented as an alternative and promising technique for future thin-film engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Comeau
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N9A7, Canada
| | - Rosemary R Cranston
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Halynne R Lamontagne
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N9A7, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N9A7, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N9B4, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 800 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada
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19
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Manaf BAA, Hong SP, Rizwan M, Arshad F, Gwenin C, Ahmed MU. Recent advancement in sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using nanomaterials based immunosensors. SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023; 36:102596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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Octafluoro-Substituted Phthalocyanines of Zinc, Cobalt, and Vanadyl: Single Crystal Structure, Spectral Study and Oriented Thin Films. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032034. [PMID: 36768358 PMCID: PMC9917058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, octafluoro-substituted phthalocyanines of zinc, vanadyl, and cobalt (MPcF8, M = Zn(II), Co(II), VO) were synthesized and studied. The structures of single crystals of the obtained phthalocyanines were determined. To visualize and compare intermolecular contacts in MPcF8, an analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces (HS) was performed. MPcF8 nanoscale thickness films were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition technique and their structure and orientation were studied using X-ray diffraction. Comparison of X-ray diffraction patterns of thin films with the calculated diffractograms showed that all three films consisted of a single crystal phase, which corresponded to a phase of single crystals. Only one strong diffraction peak corresponding to the plane (001) was observed on the diffraction pattern of each film, which indicated a strong preferred orientation with the vast majority of crystallites oriented with a (001) crystallographic plane parallel to the substrate surface. The effect of the central metals on the electronic absorption and vibrational spectra of the studied phthalocyanines as well as on the electrical conductivity of their films is also discussed.
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21
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Villanueva Heredia LF, Hamui L. Influence of the Coordinated Ligand on the Optical and Electrical Properties in Titanium Phthalocyanine-Based Active Films for Photovoltaics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:551. [PMID: 36676288 PMCID: PMC9861883 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tetravalent titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and titanium phthalocyanine dichloride (TiCl2Pc) films were deposited via the high-vacuum thermal evaporation technique and subsequently structurally and morphologically characterized, to be later evaluated in terms of their optoelectronic behavior. The IR and UV-vis spectroscopy of the films displayed α- and β-phase signals in TiOPc and TiCl2Pc. Additionally, the UV-vis spectra displayed the B and Q bands in the near-UV region of 270-390 nm and in the visible region between 600 and 880 nm, respectively. The films presented the onset gap (~1.30 eV) and the optical gap (~2.85 eV). Photoluminescence emission bands at 400-600 nm and 800-950 nm are present for the films. One-layer ITO/TiCl2Pc or TiOPc/Ag and two-layer ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TiCl2Pc or TiOPc/Ag planar heterojunction devices with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) deposited by the spin-coating technique were constructed. In these devices, an electrical activation energy between 0.18 and 0.21 eV and a refractive index between 1.14 and 1.44 were obtained. The devices presented a change in the J-V curves for the illuminated and darkness conditions, as much as 1.5 × 102 A/cm2, related to the device architecture and phthalocyanine ligand. The latter indicates that the films should be used for optoelectronic applications.
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22
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Progresses and Perspectives of Near-Infrared Emission Materials with "Heavy Metal-Free" Organic Compounds for Electroluminescence. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010098. [PMID: 36616447 PMCID: PMC9823557 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) have attracted a rising number of investigations due to their promising applications for high-resolution fullcolor displays and energy-saving solid-state lightings. Near-infrared (NIR) emitting dyes have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in electroluminescence and optical imaging in optical tele-communication platforms, sensing and medical diagnosis in recent decades. And a growing number of people focus on the "heavy metal-free" NIR electroluminescent materials to gain more design freedom with cost advantage. This review presents recent progresses in conjugated polymers and organic molecules for OLEDs/PLEDs according to their different luminous mechanism and constructing systems. The relationships between the organic fluorophores structures and electroluminescence properties are the main focus of this review. Finally, the approaches to enhance the performance of NIR OLEDs/PLEDs are described briefly. We hope that this review could provide a new perspective for NIR materials and inspire breakthroughs in fundamental research and applications.
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23
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Surface engineering of zinc phthalocyanine organic thin-film transistors results in part-per-billion sensitivity towards cannabinoid vapor. Commun Chem 2022; 5:178. [PMID: 36697684 PMCID: PMC9814745 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been demonstrated as sensors for a range of analytes, including cannabinoids, in both liquid and gas phases. Detection of the primary cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), is necessary for quality control and regulation, however, current techniques are often not readily available for consumers, industry, and law-enforcement. The OTFT characteristics, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, and grazing incident wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) spectra of two copper and three zinc phthalocyanines, with varying degrees of peripheral fluorination, were screened to determine sensitivity to THC vapor. Unsubstituted ZnPc was found to be the most sensitive material and, by tuning thin-film morphology, crystal polymorphs, and thickness through altered physical vapor deposition conditions, we increased the sensitivity to THC by 100x. Here we demonstrate that deposition conditions, and the resulting physical film characteristics, play a significant role in device sensitization.
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24
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Borovkov NY, Kolker AM, Kholodkov IV, Kholodkova NV. Processing Additives for Solution‐Deposited Films of Zinc Phthalocyanine. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Yu. Borovkov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1, Akademicheskaya St Ivanovo 153045 Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy M. Kolker
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1, Akademicheskaya St Ivanovo 153045 Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Kholodkov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology 7, Sheremetev Av Ivanovo 153000 Russian Federation
| | - Nathalie V. Kholodkova
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology 7, Sheremetev Av Ivanovo 153000 Russian Federation
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25
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Pelmuş M, Fadeev AY. Solution Adsorption of Fluorinated Zinc Phthalocyanines on Titania: Combined XPS, UV-Vis, and Contact Angle Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12316-12324. [PMID: 36154148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium solution adsorption of perfluorinated metal phthalocyanines FXPcZn (x = 16, 64) on titania was investigated. This method was explored as an alternative to the frequently used vapor deposition technique for the preparation of solid-supported phthalocyanines for applications such as sensitizers, catalysts, and sensors. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis, and water contact angles, the adsorption of phthalocyanines from acetone solution occurred readily at room temperature resulting in the formation of hydrophobic surfaces of the solid-supported phthalocyanines. The adsorption isotherms (298 K) were of the Langmuir-type with saturation plateau. The effective thickness of the adsorbed layers at the plateau regions was estimated at 0.17 nm (F16PcZn) and 0.47 nm (F64PcZn), which, assuming the face-down orientation of phthalocyanines, corresponded to ∼52 and ∼77% of the complete monolayers, respectively. In the case of F64PcZn, the state of the adsorbed molecules was similar to that of bulk F64PcZn, suggesting only weak adsorption interactions of dispersive type. In contrast, F16PcZn showed strong interactions with the surface of titania including the dissociation of C-F bonds, i.e., chemisorption. The difference in the adsorption interactions of F16PcZn vs F64PcZn was attributed to the presence of eight i-C3F7 groups decorating the perimeter of the F64PcZn molecule. These bulky substituents in the peripheral positions sterically protected the nonperipheral fluorine atoms, thereby preventing their substitution and any other specific interactions between the macrocycle and the surface OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Pelmuş
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
- Center for Functional Materials, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Alexander Y Fadeev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
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26
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Vacuum-deposited petroporphyrins: Effect of regioisomerism on film morphology. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Chang Q, Liu Y, Lee JH, Ologunagba D, Hwang S, Xie Z, Kattel S, Lee JH, Chen JG. Metal-Coordinated Phthalocyanines as Platform Molecules for Understanding Isolated Metal Sites in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16131-16138. [PMID: 36007154 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) of non-precious transition metals (TMs) often show unique electrochemical performance, including the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the inhomogeneity in their structures makes it difficult to directly compare SACs of different TM for their CO2RR activity, selectivity, and reaction mechanisms. In this study, the comparison of isolated TMs (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) is systematically investigated using a series of crystalline molecular catalysts, namely TM-coordinated phthalocyanines (TM-Pcs), to directly compare the intrinsic role of the TMs with identical local coordination environments on the CO2RR performance. The combined experimental measurements, in situ characterization, and density functional theory calculations of TM-Pc catalysts reveal a TM-dependent CO2RR activity and selectivity, with the free energy difference of ΔG(*HOCO) - ΔG(*CO) being identified as a descriptor for predicting the CO2RR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ju-Hyeon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Damilola Ologunagba
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shyam Kattel
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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28
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Balzer F, Breuer T, Witte G, Schiek M. Template and Temperature-Controlled Polymorph Formation in Squaraine Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9266-9277. [PMID: 35858043 PMCID: PMC9352357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the polymorph formation in organic semiconductor thin films by the choice of processing parameters is a key factor for targeted device performance. Small molecular semiconductors such as the prototypical anilino squaraine compound with branched butyl chains as terminal functionalization (SQIB) allow both solution and vapor phase deposition methods. SQIB has been considered for various photovoltaic applications mainly as amorphous isotropic thin films due to its broad absorption within the visible to deep-red spectral range. The two known crystalline polymorphs adopting a monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal phase show characteristic Frenkel excitonic spectral signatures of overall H-type and J-type aggregates, respectively, with additional pronounced Davydov splitting. This gives a recognizable polarized optical response of crystalline thin films suitable for identification of the polymorphs. Both phases emerge with a strongly preferred out-of-plane and rather random in-plane orientation in spin-casted thin films depending on subsequent thermal annealing. By contrast, upon vapor deposition on dielectric and conductive substrates, such as silicon dioxide, potassium chloride, graphene, and gold, the polymorph expression depends basically on the choice of growth substrate. The same pronounced out-of-plane orientation is adopted in all crystalline cases, but with a surface templated in-plane alignment in case of crystalline substrates. Strikingly, the amorphous isotropic thin films obtained by vapor deposition cannot be crystallized by thermal postannealing, which is a key feature for the spin-casted thin films, here monitored by polarized in situ microscopy. Combining X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and polarized spectro-microscopy, we identify the processing-dependent evolution of the crystal phases, correlating morphology and molecular orientations within the textured SQIB films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Balzer
- SDU
Centre for Photonics Engineering, University
of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Department
of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department
of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Institute
of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26111, Germany
- Center
for Surface- and Nanoanalytics (ZONA), Institute for Physical Chemistry
(IPC) & Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Johannes Kepler University, Linz A-4040, Austria
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29
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Klyamer DD, Basova TV. EFFECT OF THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF METAL PHTHALOCYANINE FILMS ON THEIR ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Crystallinity and Molecular Packing of Small Molecules in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystallinity has played a major role in organic solar cells (OSCs). In small molecule (SM) bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, the crystallinity and crystalline packing of SM donors have been shown to have a dramatic impact on the formation of an optimum microstructure leading to high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein we describe how crystallinity differs from polymers to SMs, and how the packing habits of SMs (particularly donors) in active layers of BHJ devices can be described as following two different main modes: a single crystal-like and a liquid crystal-like packing type. This notion is reviewed from a chronological perspective, emphasising milestone donor structures and studies focusing on the crystallinity in SM-BHJ OSCs. This review intends to demonstrate that a shift towards a liquid crystalline-like packing can be identified throughout the history of SM-BHJ, and that this shift can be associated with an increase in overall PCE.
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31
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Yabaş E, Kölemen S, Biçer E, Almammadov T, Başer P, Kul M. Organo-soluble dendritic zinc phthalocyanine: photoluminescence and fluorescence properties. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2078360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yabaş
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Safacan Kölemen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Biçer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Toghrul Almammadov
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Başer
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kul
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
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32
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Studies on the Structure, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Doped Manganese (III) Phthalocyanine Chloride Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, significant advances have been achieved in the development of organic semiconductors for use in optoelectronic devices. This work reports the doping and deposition of semiconducting organic thin films based on manganese (III) phthalocyanine chloride (MnPcCl). In order to enhance the semiconducting properties of the MnPcCl films, different types of pyridine-based chalcones were used as dopants, and their influence on the optical and electric properties of the films was analyzed. The morphology and structure of the films were studied using IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties of MnPcCl–chalcone films were investigated via UV–Vis spectroscopy, and the absorption spectra showed the Q band located between 630 and 800 nm, as well as a band related to charge transfer (CT) in the region between 465 and 570 nm and the B band in the region between 280 and 460 nm. Additionally, the absorption coefficient measurements indicated that the films had an indirect transition with two energy gaps: the optical bandgap of around 1.40 eV and the fundamental gap of around 2.35 eV. The electrical behavior is strongly affected by the type of chalcone employed; for this reason, electrical conductivity at room temperature may vary from 1.55 × 10−5 to 3.02 × 101 S·cm−1 at different voltages (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 V). Additionally, the effect of temperature on conductivity was also measured; electrical conductivity increases by two orders of magnitude with increasing temperature from 25 to 100 °C. The doping effect of chalcone favors electronic transport, most likely due to its substituents and structure with delocalized π-electrons, the formation of conduction channels caused by anisotropy, and the bulk heterojunction induced by the dopant. In terms of optical and electrical properties, the results suggest that the best properties are obtained with chalcones that have the methoxy group as a substituent. However, all MnPcCl–chalcone films are candidates for use in optoelectronic devices.
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33
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Feng S, Wang YC, Liang W, Zhao Y. Vibrationally resolved absorption spectra and ultrafast exciton dynamics in α-phase and β-phase zinc phthalocyanine aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2974-2987. [PMID: 35043813 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved absorption spectra and ultrafast exciton dynamics in α-phase and β-phase zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) aggregates are theoretically investigated using a non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equation combined with first-principles calculations. It is found that although similar double-peak structures arise in the Q-band region of the absorption spectra in both phases, these peaks are different in nature and exhibit distinct types of behavior with respect to the aggregation length. The analysis on the basis of an effective two-state model indicates that the two absorption peaks in the α phase are from mixing between the charge-transfer (CT) state and the bright Frenkel exciton (FE) state. By contrast, in the β-phase, the low-energy peak is solely contributed by a low-lying bright FE state, whereas the high-energy peak originates from the interplay between the CT state and another high-lying bright FE state. For the relaxation processes right after photoexcitation from the Q-band region, it is found that within the first dozens of femtoseconds the ZnPc aggregates of both phases tend to temporarily fall into some intermediate states where the population distribution and average electronic energy do not obviously evolve. In addition, it is found that the optical transition of the low-lying bright FE state in the β phase is not favorable for the formation of bound CT states due to the absence of enough driving forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Electrochemically Deposited Zinc (Tetraamino)phthalocyanine as a Light-activated Antimicrobial Coating Effective against S. aureus. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030975. [PMID: 35160921 PMCID: PMC8838431 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated antimicrobial coatings are currently considered to be a promising approach for the prevention of nosocomial infections. In this work, we present a straightforward strategy for the deposition of a photoactive biocidal organic layer of zinc (tetraamino)phthalocyanine (ZnPcNH2) in an electrochemical oxidative process. The chemical structure and morphology of the resulting layer are widely characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, while its ability to photogenerate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is investigated in situ by UV–Vis spectroscopy with α-terpinene or 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran as a chemical trap. It is shown that the ZnPcNH2 photosensitizer retained its photoactivity after immobilization, and that the reported light-activated coating exhibits promising antimicrobial properties towards Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus).
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35
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Deposit and Characterization of Semiconductor Films Based on Maleiperinone and Polymeric Matrix of (Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate). Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small semiconductor molecules such as the maleiperinone, have gained importance due to their applications in optoelectronics. In this work semiconductor films composed by a polymer matrix of PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) and maleiperinone were manufactured. The films used in the studies were deposited by vacuum evaporation and spin-coating techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopy were used for the analysis of morphological and structural films. The fundamental and the onset of the direct and indirect band gaps were also obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy. The band-model theory and the Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to determine the optical parameters. The dipole moment is 3.33 Db, and the high polarity gives a signal of the heterogeneous charge distribution along the structure of maleiperinone. Simple devices were made from the films and their electrical behavior was subsequently evaluated. The presence of the polymer decreased the energy barrier between the film and the anode, favoring the transport of charges in the device. Graphene decreased the absorption and its ohmic behavior make it a candidate to be used as a transparent electrode in optoelectronic devices. Finally, the MoO3 provides a behavior similar to a dielectric.
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36
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Study of Photoregeneration of Zinc Phthalocyanine Chemiresistor after Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9090237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a complex study of photoregeneration of a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) sensor by illumination from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It includes an investigation of photoregeneration effectivity for various wavelengths (412–723 nm) of incident light carried out at sensor operating temperatures of 55 °C. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of photoregeneration is increasing with a decrease in the light wavelength. In the region of longer wavelengths (723–630 nm), the regeneration degree (RD) was low and ranged from 12% to 15%. In the region of shorter wavelengths (518–412 nm), the RD rose from 35% for 518 nm to 94% for 412 nm. The efficiency of photoregeneration is also shown to be higher in comparison with the temperature regeneration efficiency. In order to understand the chemism of photoregeneration processes, the electrical measurements are supplemented with Raman and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) studies. The spectroscopic results showed that nitrogen dioxide bonds to the Zn atom in ZnPc in the form of NO2− and NO−, i.e., partial decomposition of NO2 molecules occurs during the interaction with the surface. NAP-XPS spectra proved that light illumination of the ZnPc surface is essential for almost complete desorption of NOx species. At the same time, it is demonstrated that in case of long-time exposure or exposure of a ZnPc chemiresistor with a high concentration of NO2, the oxygen, released due to the NO2 decomposition, slowly but irreversibly oxidizes the layer. This oxidation process is most probably responsible for the sensor deactivation observed in sensor experiments with high NO2 concentrations. Based on these studies, the mechanism of nitrogen dioxide interaction with zinc phthalocyanine both under LED illumination and in dark conditions is proposed, and a special method for the sensor operation called “constant exposure dose” is established.
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