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Hwang HS, Lee CS. Nanoclay-Composite Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering. Gels 2024; 10:513. [PMID: 39195042 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoclay-composite hydrogels represent a promising avenue for advancing bone tissue engineering. Traditional hydrogels face challenges in providing mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity necessary for successful bone regeneration. The incorporation of nanoclay into hydrogel matrices offers a potential unique solution to these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication, physico-chemical/biological performance, and applications of nanoclay-composite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. Various fabrication techniques, including in situ polymerization, physical blending, and 3D printing, are discussed. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating biocompatibility and bioactivity have demonstrated the potential of these hydrogels for promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Their applications in bone defect repair, osteochondral tissue engineering and drug delivery are also explored. Despite their potential in bone tissue engineering, nanoclay-composite hydrogels face challenges such as optimal dispersion, scalability, biocompatibility, long-term stability, regulatory approval, and integration with emerging technologies to achieve clinical application. Future research directions need to focus on refining fabrication techniques, enhancing understanding of biological interactions, and advancing towards clinical translation and commercialization. Overall, nanoclay-composite hydrogels offer exciting opportunities for improving bone regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Chang Z, Chen D, Peng J, Liu R, Li B, Kang J, Guo L, Hou R, Xu X, Lee M, Zhang X. Bone-Targeted Supramolecular Nanoagonist Assembled by Accurate Ratiometric Herbal-Derived Therapeutics for Osteoporosis Reversal. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5154-5164. [PMID: 38602357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel strategies for defeating osteoporosis has become a world-wide challenge with the aging of the population. In this work, novel supramolecular nanoagonists (NAs), constructed from alkaloids and phenolic acids, emerge as a carrier-free nanotherapy for efficacious osteoporosis treatment. These precision nanoagonists are formed through the self-assembly of berberine (BER) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), utilizing noncovalent electrostatic, π-π, and hydrophobic interactions. This assembly results in a 100% drug loading capacity and stable nanostructure. Furthermore, the resulting weights and proportions of CGA and BER within the NAs are meticulously controlled with strong consistency when the CGA/BER assembly feed ratio is altered from 1:1 to 1:4. As anticipated, our NAs themselves could passively target osteoporotic bone tissues following prolonged blood circulation, modulate Wnt signaling, regulate osteogenic differentiation, and ameliorate bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice. We hope this work will open a new strategy to design efficient herbal-derived Wnt NAs for dealing with intractable osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangpeng Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Dengke Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Rongyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Li
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jianbang Kang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ruigang Hou
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
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Yang YY, Zheng Y, Liu JJ, Chang ZP, Wang YH, Shao YY, Hou RG, Zhang X. Natural Chlorogenic Acid Planted Nanohybrids with Steerable Hyperthermia for Osteosarcoma Suppression and Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300325. [PMID: 37167574 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the most common approach for the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, two major complications, including residual tumor cells and large bone defects, often arise from the surgical resection of osteosarcoma. Discovering new strategies for programmatically solving the two above-mentioned puzzles has become a worldwide challenge. Herein, a novel one-step strategy is reported for natural phenolic acid planted nanohybrids with desired physicochemical properties and steerable photothermal effects for efficacious osteosarcoma suppression and bone healing. Nanohybrids are prepared based on the self-assembly of chlorogenic acid and gold nanorods through robust Au-catechol interface actions, featuring precise nanostructures, great water solubility, good stability, and adjustable hyperthermia generating capacity. As expected, on the one hand, these integrated nanohybrids can severely trigger apoptosis and suppress tumor growth with strong hyperthermia. On the other hand, with controllable mild NIR irradiation, the nanohybrids promote the expression of heat shock proteins and induce prominent osteogenic differentiation. This work initiates a brand-new strategy for assisting osteosarcoma surgical excision to resolve the blockage of residual tumor cells elimination and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang-Peng Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Yun Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Gang Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
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Hwang HS, Lee CS. Recent Progress in Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023; 9:588. [PMID: 37504467 PMCID: PMC10379028 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based bone tissue engineering is a potential strategy for treating bone abnormalities and fractures. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer that is widely distributed in the human body and plays a significant role in numerous physiological processes such as cell migration, tissue hydration, and wound healing. Hydrogels based on HA and its derivatives have gained popularity as potential treatments for bone-related diseases. HA-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for their ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone tissue and provide a suitable microenvironment for cell support and tissue regeneration. The physical and chemical properties of HA can be modified to improve its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential. Moreover, HA-based hydrogels combined with other biomaterials in the presence or absence of bioactive agents have been investigated as a means of improving the mechanical properties and bioactivity of the hydrogel scaffold. Therefore, HA-based hydrogels have shown great promise in bone tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in HA-based hydrogels for bone tissue engineering, highlighting the key advances, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Sun H, Meng S, Chen J, Wan Q. Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Its Strategies. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040194. [PMID: 37103284 PMCID: PMC10145040 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia refers to the abnormal increase in plasma lipid level exceeding the normal range. At present, a large number of patients require dental implantation. However, hyperlipidemia affects bone metabolism, promotes bone loss, and inhibits the osseointegration of dental implants through the mutual regulation of adipocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. This review summarized the effects of hyperlipidemia on dental implants and addressed the potential strategies of dental implants to promote osseointegration in a hyperlipidemic environment and to improve the success rate of dental implants in patients with hyperlipidemia. We summarized topical drug delivery methods to solve the interference of hyperlipidemia in osseointegration, which were local drug injection, implant surface modification and bone-grafting material modification. Statins are the most effective drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and they also encourage bone formation. Statins have been used in these three methods and have been found to be positive in promoting osseointegration. Directly coating simvastatin on the rough surface of the implant can effectively promote osseointegration of the implant in a hyperlipidemic environment. However, the delivery method of this drug is not efficient. Recently, a variety of efficient methods of simvastatin delivery, such as hydrogels and nanoparticles, have been developed to boost bone formation, but few of them were applied to dental implants. Applicating these drug delivery systems using the three aforementioned ways, according to the mechanical and biological properties of materials, could be promising ways to promote osseointegration under hyperlipidemic conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm.
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Guo R, Yu D, Wang S, Fu L, Lin Y. Nanosheet-hydrogel composites: from preparation and fundamental properties to their promising applications. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1465-1481. [PMID: 36752168 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of soft materials with elastic and intelligent properties. Nevertheless, these traditional hydrogels usually possess poor mechanical properties and limited functions, which greatly restrict their further applications. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, there have been significant advances in the design and fabrication of functional nanocomposite hydrogels with unique properties and functions. Among various materials, nanosheets with planar topography, large specific surface areas, and versatile physicochemical properties have attracted intense research interest. Herein, this review summarises the synthesis mechanisms, fundamental properties, and promising applications of nanosheet-incorporated hydrogels. In particular, how the nanosheet structure is applied to improve the overall performance of the hydrogel in each application is emphasized. Additionally, the current challenges and prospects are briefly discussed in this area. We expect that the combination of nanosheets and hydrogels can attract more researchers' interest and bring new opportunities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Guo
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Lianlian Fu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Youhui Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zhao C, Xu C, Shin A, Wu J, Li D, Lin K, Liu J. A sustained-release PDGF-BB nanocomposite hydrogel for DM-associated bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:974-984. [PMID: 36594257 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of bone tissue in the environment of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the clinical challenges, with malfunction of stem cells in a high-glucose microenvironment being the primary obstacle. We designed an injectable sustained-release PDGF-BB nanocomposite hydrogel. PDGF-BB, a star molecule for treating various complications of DM, was used for the first time for DM-associated bone regeneration, and we showed that it restored stem cell proliferation and migration and facilitated osteogenesis inhibition under high glucose stimulation by activating ERK and AKT pathways. To address the requirements for continuous PDGF-BB release in GelMA while also increasing mechanical strength, nanoclay LAPONITE® was added, which may still exhibit pro-osteogenic activity in diabetic environments by releasing bioactive ions (Si4+, Mg2+, and Li+). This injectable hydrogel heals calvarial lesions successfully in diabetic rats and has the potential to be used as a direct and effective tool for treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenci Xu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Airi Shin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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A composite, off-the-shelf osteoinductive material for large, vascularized bone flap prefabrication. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:641-649. [PMID: 36261107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously described an immortalized, genetically-engineered human Mesenchymal stromal cell line to generate BMP2-enriched Chondrogenic Matrices (MB-CM), which after devitalization and storage could efficiently induce ectopic bone tissue by endochondral ossification. In order to increase the efficiency of MB-CM utilization towards engineering scaled-up bone structures, here we hypothesized that MB-CM can retain osteoinductive properties when combined with an osteoconductive material. We first tested different volumetric ratios of MB-CM:SmartBone® (as clinically used, osteoconductive reference material) and assessed the bone formation capacity of the resulting composites following ectopic mouse implantation. After 8 weeks, as little as 25% of MB-CM was sufficient to induce bone formation and fusion across SmartBone® granules, generating large interconnected bony structures. The same composite percentage was then further assessed in a scaled-up model, namely within an axially-vascularized, confined, ectopically prefabricated flap (0.8 cm3) in rats. The material efficiently induced the formation of new bone (31% of the cross-sectional area after 8 weeks), including bone marrow and vascular elements, throughout the flap volume. Our findings outline a strategy for efficient use of MB-CM as part of a composite material, thereby reducing the amount required to fill large spaces and enabling utilization in critically sized grafts, to address challenging clinical scenarios in bone reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most bone repair strategies rely either on osteconductive properties of ceramics and devitalized bone, or osteoinductive properties of growth factors and extracellular matrices (ECM). Here we designed a composite material made of a clinically accepted osteoconductive material and an off-the-shelf tissue engineered human cartilage ECM with strong osteoinductive properties. We showed that low amount of osteoinductive ECM potentiated host cells recruitment to form large vascularized bone structures in two different animal models, one being a challenging prefabricated bone-flap model targeting challenging clinical bone repair. Overall, this study highlights the use of a promising human off-the-shelf material for accelerated healing towards clinical applications.
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Lu L, Zhou W, Chen Z, Hu Y, Yang Y, Zhang G, Yang Z. A Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by the Synergy of Hydrophobic Interaction and Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding. Gels 2022; 8:244. [PMID: 35448145 PMCID: PMC9032949 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing preference for minimally invasive surgery requires novel soft materials that are injectable, with rapid self-healing abilities, and biocompatible. Here, by utilizing the synergetic effect of hydrophobic interaction and quadruple hydrogen bonding, an injectable supramolecular hydrogel with excellent self-healing ability was synthesized. A unique ABA triblock copolymer was designed containing a central poly(ethylene oxide) block and terminal poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) block, with ureido pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties randomly incorporated (termed MA-UPy-PEO-UPy-MA). The PMMA block could offer a hydrophobic microenvironment for UPy moieties in water and thus boost the corresponding quadruple hydrogen bonding interaction of Upy-Upy dimers. Owing to the synergetic effect of hydrophobicity and quadruple hydrogen bonding interaction, the obtained MA-UPy-PEO-UPy-MA hydrogel exhibited excellent self-healing properties, and injectable capability, as well as superior mechanical strength, and therefore, it holds great promise in tissue engineering applications, including in cell support and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmei Lu
- College of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, 69 North Dongxia Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhuzuan Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuohong Yang
- College of Materials and Energy, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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