Mesoporous Mo-doped NiCo2O4 nanocrystals for enhanced electrochemical kinetics in high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Capacity fading at high rates and a reduced cyclic life due to the deterioration of electrode integrity is one of the major problems in the practical applications of lithium-ion batteries. In this regard, the development of efficient and innovative electrode materials with outstanding transport features and electrochemical properties is urgently needed. In this work, mesoporous Mo-doped NiCo2O4 nanocrystals with enhanced electrochemical kinetics were prepared and investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Experimental and density functional theory results demonstrated an increase in the specific surface area, creation of defects and enhanced conductivity. These promising features provide an opportunity to boost the lithium-storage capability of Mo-doped NiCo2O4 nanocrystals. The assembled Mo-doped NiCo2O4 electrode delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1225 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and an excellent reversible capacity of ∼512 mA h g-1 at 300 mA g-1 with a coulombic efficiency of about 98%. Moreover, the electrode demonstrated high cyclic stability even after 300 cycles and superior rate performance compared with previously reported electrodes. These results prove that the electrochemically boosted Mo-doped NiCo2O4 structure could be an emerging electrode material for future high-performance batteries.

Tuning electronic structure of hedgehog-like nickel cobaltite via molybdenum-doping for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution catalysis

As a typical spinel oxide, nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) is considered to be a promising and reliable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst due to its abundant oxidation states and the synergistic effect of multiple metal species. However, the electrocatalytic OER performance of NiCo2O4 has always been limited by the low specific surface area and poor intrinsic conductivity of spinels. Herein, the hedgehog-like molybdenum-doped NiCo2O4 (Mo-NiCo2O4) catalyst was prepared as an efficient OER electrocatalyst via a facile hydrothermal method followed with high-temperature annealing. The Mo-NiCo2O4-0.075 with Mo doping concentration of ∼ 1.95 wt% exhibits excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 265 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2and a Tafel slope of 126.63 mV·dec-1, as well as excellent cyclingstability.The results demonstrated that the hedgehog-like structure provides Mo-NiCo2O4 with the high surface area and mesopores that enhance electrolyte diffusion and optimal active site exposure. The in-situ Raman spectra and density functional theory calculations show that the Mo cations doping improve the intrinsic conductivity of the NiCo2O4 while modulating the chemisorption of intermediates. Meanwhile, the energy barriers of *OH and O* formation decrease significantly after Mo doping, effectively facilitating water dissociation and optimizing the reaction kinetics.

Fabrication of CoSe2/CoP with rich selenium- and phosphorus-vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces for asymmetric supercapacitors

CoSe2/CoP with rich Se- and P-vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces (v-CoSe2/CoP) is grown on the surface of nickel foam via a two-step strategy: electrodeposition and NaBH4 reduction, which can be used as the cathode material in asymmetric supercapacitors. The SEM characterization reveals the honeycomb-like structure of the v-CoSe2/CoP, and the results of EPR, XPS and HRTEM reveal the existence of anionic vacancies and heterogeneous interfaces in the v-CoSe2/CoP. The as-fabricated v-CoSe2/CoP exhibits high specific capacitance (3206 mF cm-2 at 1.0 mA cm-2) and cyclic stability (91 % capacitance retention after 2000 cycles). An asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled by using the v-CoSe2/CoP and activated carbon (AC) as cathode and anode materials, respectively, which displays a high energy density of 40.6 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 211.5 W kg-1. The outstanding electrochemical performances of the v-CoSe2/CoP might be ascribed to the synergistic effects of Se- and P-vacancies and the heterogeneous interfaces in the v-CoSe2/CoP.

Lattice strain induced d-band centre engineering enabled pseudocapacitive energy storage in 2D hypo-hyper electronic V-NiCo2O4 for asymmetric supercapacitors

Understanding the role of fundamental structural engineering of materials in unravelling the underlying rudimentary electronic structure-dependent charge storage mechanisms is crucial for developing new strategic approaches toward high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we demonstrate the role of strain engineering by V doping-induced lattice contraction in NiCo2O4 for increasing the energy density and power density of aqueous asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors. For application in energy storage, we demonstrate the influence of electron-deficient V4+/5+ doping in electron-rich Ni2+ sites, which has been found to result in the formation of a hypo-hyper electronically coupled cation pair causing a shift in the d-band and O 2p band centres and distortion of CoO6 octahedra. Optimization of V doping to 3 mol%, achieved by a binder-free one-step hydrothermal method, has yielded a 96% increase in specific capacitance of up to 2316 F g-1 from 1193 F g-1 in pristine materials at 1 A g-1 in a three-electrode configuration with a coulombic efficiency (η%) of 94% and a 24% increase in rate capacity. A two-fold increase in specific capacitance in the pouch cell device, fabricated with a functionalized carbon nanosphere positive electrode, has been observed for the V-doped samples at 1 A g-1 with a η% of 97% and a maximum energy density of 96.3 W h g-1 and a maximum power density of 8733.6 W g-1 which are 41% and 24.3% higher than the pristine device, respectively. Excellent cycling stability of 95.4% capacitance retention has been observed after 6000 cycles. DFT calculations have been carried out to understand the previously unexplored effect of lattice strain on charge transport and quantum capacitance, and ultimately its effect on the transition state kinetics of energy storage faradaic reaction mechanisms. The aim of this work is to establish a fresh perspective on developing a deep understanding of the fundamental electronic and structural properties of materials by drawing in concepts from descriptor models in electrocatalysis to reveal the role of lattice strain and d-band centre tailoring in enabling pseudocapacitive energy storage.

Trimetallic Oxide Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Redox Activity in Zinc-Air Batteries Evaluated by In Situ Analysis

Researchers are investigating innovative composite materials for renewable energy and energy storage systems. The major goals of this studies are i) to develop a low-cost and stable trimetallic oxide catalyst and ii) to change the electrical environment of the active sites through site-selective Mo substitution. The effect of Mo on NiCoMoO4 is elucidated using both in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Also, density functional theory strategies show that NiCoMoO4 has extraordinary catalytic redox activity because of the high adsorption energy of the Mo atom on the active crystal plane. Further, it is demonstrated that hierarchical nanoflower structures of NiCoMoO4 on reduced graphene oxide can be employed as a powerful bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions in alkaline solutions, providing a small overpotential difference of 0.75 V. Also, Zn-air batteries based on the developed bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibit outstanding cycling stability and a high-power density of 125.1 mW cm-2 . This work encourages the use of Zn-air batteries in practical applications and provides an interesting concept for designing a bifunctional electrocatalyst.

Overview of the oxygen vacancy effect in bimetallic spinel and perovskite oxide electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors

Bimetallic spinel and perovskite metal oxide materials are advanced electrode materials for supercapacitor (SC) applications because of their low-cost, distinct crystal structures, eco-friendly nature, and high conductivity. However, they suffer from the disadvantages of poor ion-diffusion kinetics and pulverization issues during cyclability tests. Along with a deeper understanding of redox chemistry, the role of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in electrode materials to support the reaction kinetics for excellence in SCs must be clarified. In this review, we highlight for the first time the importance of OVs and summarize various design strategies for the preparation of advanced bimetallic spinel oxides and perovskites with improved electrochemical performances for SC applications. With new insights, we envision that the SC research community would endeavor to utilize the benefits of OVs effectively for the development of high-performance SCs.