1
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Chen H, Chen W, Wang D, Chen Y, Liu Z, Ye S, Tan G, Gao S. An Isolable One-Coordinate Lead(I) Radical with Strong g-Factor Anisotropy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402093. [PMID: 38438306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Lead-based radicals in the oxidation state of +1 are elusive species and are highly challenging to isolate in the condensed phase. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of the first isolable free plumbylyne radical 2 bearing a one-coordinate Pb(I) atom. It reacts with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to afford a two-coordinate NHC-ligated Pb(I) radical 3. 2 and 3 represent the first isolable Pb(I)-based radicals. Theoretical calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that the unpaired electron mainly resides at the Pb 6p orbital in both radicals. Owing to the unique one-coordinate nature of the Pb atom in 2, it possesses two-fold orbital pseudo-degeneracy and substantial unquenched orbital angular momentum, and exhibits hitherto strongest g-factor anisotropy (gx,y,z=1.496, 1.166, 0.683) amongst main group radicals. Preliminary investigations into the reactivity of 2 unveiled its Pb-centered radical nature, and plumbylenes were isolated as products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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2
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Zhao L, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Guo P, Zhang Z, Shen L, Zhang N, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Chen Z. Atomically Dispersed p-Block Aluminum-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402657. [PMID: 38477874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The main group metals are commonly perceived as catalytically inert in the context of oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) due to the delocalized valence orbitals. Regulating the local environment and structure of metal center coordinated by nitrogen ligands (M-Nx) is a promising approach to accelerate catalytic dynamics. Herein, we, for the first time, report the atomically dispersed Al catalysts coordinated with N and C atoms for 4-electron ORR. The axial coordinated pyrrolyl N group (No) is constructed in the Al-N4-No moiety to regulate the p-band structure of Al center, effectively steering the local environment and structure of the square planar Al-N4 sites, which typically exhibit too strong interaction with ORR intermediates. The dynamic covalency competition of axial Al-No and Al-O bonding could endow the Al center with moderate hybridization between Al 3p orbital and O 2p orbital, alleviating the binding energy of ORR intermediates. The as-prepared Al-N4-No electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity, selectivity, and durability, along with the rapid kinetics as demonstrated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. This work offers a fundamental comprehension of the fine regulation on p-band and guides the rational design of main-group metal-based single atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yunkun Dai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pan Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixiao Shen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 3G1, Canada
- Power Battery & Systems Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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3
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Steffenfauseweh H, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, de Bruin B, Ghadwal RS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Wittig Hydrocarbon. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400879. [PMID: 38437163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) analogues of Wittig hydrocarbon, [(NHC)(Stil)(NHC)] (3a-c) (NHC = SIPr (1a) = C[N(Dipp)CH2]2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; IPr (1b) = C[N(Dipp)CH]2; Me-IPr (1c) = C[N(Dipp)CMe]2 and Stil = C6H4CHCHC6H4) have been reported as crystalline solids. 3a-c are prepared by two-electron reductions of the corresponding bis-1,3-imidazoli(ni)um bromides [(NHC)(Stil)NHC)](Br)2 (2a-c) with KC8 in >94 % yields. 2a-c are accessible by the nickel catalyzed direct C-C coupling of NHCs (1a-c) with (E)-4,4'-dibromostilbene. One-electron oxidation of 3a,b yields the corresponding radical cations [(NHC)(Stil)NHC)]B(C6F5)4 4a,b. All compounds have been characterized by UV-Vis/NMR/EPR spectroscopy as well as 2a, 3a, and 3b by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The electronic structures of representative systems have been analyzed by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Steffenfauseweh
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam (UvA), Faculty of Science, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Group, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Wenzel JO, Werner J, Allgaier A, van Slageren J, Fernández I, Unterreiner AN, Breher F. Visible-Light Activation of Diorganyl Bis(pyridylimino) Isoindolide Aluminum(III) Complexes and Their Organometallic Radical Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402885. [PMID: 38511969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of a series of (mostly) air-stable diorganyl bis(pyridylimino) isoindolide (BPI) aluminum complexes and their chemistry upon visible-light excitation. The redox non-innocent BPI pincer ligand allows for efficient charge transfer homolytic processes of the title compounds. This makes them a universal platform for the generation of carbon-centered radicals. The photo-induced homolytic cleavage of the Al-C bonds was investigated by means of stationary and transient UV/Vis spectroscopy, spin trapping experiments, as well as EPR and NMR spectroscopy. The experimental findings were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Reactivity studies enabled the utilization of the aluminum complexes as reactants in tin-free Giese-type reactions and carbonyl alkylations under ambient conditions, which both indicated radical-polar crossover behavior. A deeper understanding of the physical fundamentals and photochemical process was provided, furnishing in turn a new strategy to control the reactivity of bench-stable aluminum organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Allgaier
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Dhara D, Endres L, Krummenacher I, Arrowsmith M, Dewhurst RD, Engels B, Bertermann R, Finze M, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Fantuzzi F, Braunschweig H. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Dialane-Bridged Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401052. [PMID: 38415886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Radicals of the lightest group 13 element, boron, are well established and observed in numerous forms. In contrast to boron, radical chemistry involving the heavier group 13 elements (aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium) remains largely underexplored, primarily attributed to the formidable synthetic challenges associated with these elements. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of planar and twisted conformers of a doubly CAAC (cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene)-radical-substituted dialane. Extensive characterization through spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallography confirms their identity, while quantum chemical calculations support their open-shell nature and provide further insights into their electronic structures. The dialane-connected diradicals exhibit high susceptibility to oxidation, as evidenced by electrochemical measurements and reactions with o-chloranil and a variety of organic azides. This study opens a previously uncharted class of dialuminum systems to study, broadening the scope of diradical chemistry and its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Park Wood Rd, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Liu S, Li Y, Lin J, Ke Z, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5376-5384. [PMID: 38577367 PMCID: PMC10988588 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites are expected to show both radical and cationic reactivity at different sites within one molecule. However, such "dual" reactivity has rarely been observed in the condensed phase. Herein we report the isolation of crystalline 1λ2,3λ2-1-phosphonia-3-phosphinyl-cyclohex-4-enes 2a,b˙+, which can be considered delocalized DRCs and were completely characterized by crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods. These DRCs contain a radical and cationic site with seven and six valence electrons, respectively, which are both stabilized via conjugation, yet remain spatially separated. They exhibit reactivity that differs from that of conventional radical cations (CRCs); specifically they show sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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7
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Hollister KK, Molino A, Jones N, Le VV, Dickie DA, Cafiso DS, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Unlocking Biradical Character in Diborepins. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6506-6515. [PMID: 38420913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Systems that possess open- and closed-shell behavior attract significant attention from researchers due to their inherent redox and charge transport properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of the first diborepin biradicals. They display tunable biradical character based on the steric and electronic profile of the stabilizing ligand and the resulting geometric deviation of the diborepin core from planarity. While there are numerous all-carbon-based biradical systems, boron-based biradical compounds are comparatively rare, particularly ones in which the radical sites are disjointed. Calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and multireference methods demonstrate that the fused diborepin scaffold exhibits high biradical character, up to 95%. Use of a nonsterically demanding diaminocarbene promotes the planarization of the pentacyclic framework, resulting in the synthetic realization of a diborepin containing a dibora-quinoidal core, which possesses a closed-shell ground state and thermally accessible triplet state. The biradicals were structurally authenticated and characterized by both solution and solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Half-field transitions were observed at low temperatures (about 170 K), confirming the presence of the triplet state. Initial reactivity studies of the biradicals led to the isolation and structural characterization of bis(borepin hydride) and bis(borepin dianion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nula Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - VuongVy V Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David S Cafiso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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8
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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9
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Chan K, Ying F, He D, Yang L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Su JH, Wu B, Yang XJ. One-Electron (2c/1e) Tin···Tin Bond Stabilized by ortho-Phenylenediamido Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2333-2338. [PMID: 38241610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Odd-electron bonds, i.e., the two-center, three-electron (2c/3e), or one-electron (2c/1e) bonds, have attracted tremendous interest owing to their novel bonding nature and radical properties. Herein, complex [K(THF)6][LSn:···Sn:L] (1), featuring the first and unsupported 2c/1e Sn···Sn σ-bond with a long distance (3.2155(9) Å), was synthesized by reduction of stannylene [LSn:] (L = N,N-dpp-o-phenylene diamide) with KC8. The one-electron Sn-Sn bond in 1 was confirmed by the crystal structure, DFT calculations, EPR spectroscopy, and reactivity studies. This compound can be viewed as a stabilized radical by delocalizing to two metal centers and can readily mediate radical reactions such as C-C coupling of benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyip Chan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongyu He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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10
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Krämer F, Wenzel JO, Fernández I, Breher F. Intramolecular dearomative 1,4-addition of silyl and germyl radicals to a phenyl moiety. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38284266 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present that the radicals [Ph3PC(Me)EMes2]˙ (2Si and 2Ge) can be generated from the α-silylated and α-germylated phosphorus ylides Ph3PC(Me)E(Cl)Mes2 (1Si and 1Ge) through one-electron reduction with Jones' dimer (MesNacNacMg)2 in benzene. Although isolation of the free radicals was not possible, the products of the intramolecular addition of the radicals to a phenyl substituent of the phosphorus moiety, followed by subsequent reaction with 2Si or 2Ge to the isolated species 3Si and 3Ge, respectively, were observed. This transformation witnesses a dearomative 1,4-addition of tetryl radical species to the phenyl scaffold in a stereoselective anti-fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jonas O Wenzel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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11
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Sun Q, Chen H, Zhao Y, Wang T, Pei R, Zhao Y, Ye S, Wang X. A Discrete, Boron-Containing Triangular Triradical. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302582. [PMID: 37842967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A neutral boron-containing triangular triradical based on a triptycene derivative has been designed and synthesized. Its structure, bonding and physical property have been studied by EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as theoretical calculations. The triradical has a series of isosceles triangle conformations in the solution due to the Jahn-Teller distortion, leading to the splitting of the two low-lying doublet states. This factor together with negligible spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of composing light atoms quenches the spin frustration. The work represents a rare example of a neutral through-space triangular triradical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Runbo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Duan C, Cui C. Boryl-substituted low-valent heavy group 14 compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:361-379. [PMID: 38086648 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Low valent group 14 compounds exhibit diverse structures and reactivities. The employment of diazaborolyl anions (NHB anions), isoelectronic analogues to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), in group 14 chemistry leads to the exceptional structures and reactivity. The unique combination of σ-electron donation and pronounced steric hindrance impart distinct structural characteristics to the NHB-substituted low valent group 14 compounds. Notably, the modulation of the HOMO-LUMO gap in these compounds with the diazaborolyl substituents results in novel reaction patterns in the activation of small molecules and inert chemical bonds. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances in NHB-substituted low-valent heavy Group 14 compounds, emphasizing their synthesis, structural characteristics and application to small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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13
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Mei Y, Chen X, Wei R, Chang XY, Tao L, Liu LL. An Isolable Radical Anion Featuring a 2-Center-3-Electron π-Bond without a Clearly Defined σ-Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315555. [PMID: 37942957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Featuring an extra electron in the π* antibonding orbital, species with a 2-center-3-electron (2c3e) π bond without an underlying σ bond are scarcely known. Herein, we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a radical anion salt [K(18-C-6)]+ {[(HCNDipp)2 Si]2 P2 }⋅- (i.e. [K(18-C-6)]+ 3⋅- ) (18-C-6=18-crown-6, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl), in which 3⋅- features a perfectly planar Si2 P2 four-membered ring. This species represents the first example of a Si- and P-containing analog of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane radical anion. The unusual bonding motif of 3⋅- was thoroughly investigated via X-ray diffraction crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and calculations by density functional theory (DFT), which collectively unveiled the existence of a 2c3e π bond between the bridgehead P atoms and no clearly defined supporting P-P σ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Dongguan Key Laboratory for Data Science and Intelligent Medicine, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Abdurahman A, Shen L, Wang J, Niu M, Li P, Peng Q, Wang J, Lu G. A highly efficient open-shell singlet luminescent diradical with strong magnetoluminescence properties. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:272. [PMID: 37963871 PMCID: PMC10645991 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing open-shell singlet (OS) diradicals with high luminescent properties and exceptional single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) performance is extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a concept to enhance luminescent efficiency by adjusting the donor conjugation of OS diradicals, thereby achieving a highly luminescent diradical, DR1, with outstanding stability and making it a viable option for use in the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). More importantly, the 0.5 wt%-DR1 doped film demonstrates significant single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) properties. A giant ML value of 210% is achieved at a magnetic field of 7 T, showing the great potential of DR1 in magneto-optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim Abdurahman
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Li Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Meiling Niu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
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15
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Yuan L, Yang J, Qi S, Liu Y, Tian X, Jia T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradicaloid Boron-Doped Molecular Carbons Achieved by Pentagon-Fusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314982. [PMID: 37924227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular carbons (MCs) are molecular cutouts of carbon materials. Doping with heteroatoms and constructing open-shell structures are two powerful approaches to achieve unexpected and unique properties of MCs. Herein, we disclose a new strategy to design open-shell boron-doped MCs (BMCs), namely by pentagon-fusion of an organoborane π-system. We synthesized two diradicaloid BMC molecules that feature C24 B and C38 B π-skeletons containing a pentagonal ring. A thorough investigation reveals that such pentagon-fusion not only leads to their local antiaromaticity, but also incorporates an internal quinoidal substructure and thereby induces open-shell singlet diradical states. Moreover, their fully fused structures enable efficient π conjugation, which is expanded over the whole frameworks. Consequently, some intriguing physical properties are achieved, such as narrow energy gaps, very broad light absorptions, and superior photothermal capability, along with excellent photostability. Notably, the solid of the C38 B molecule exhibits absorption that covers the range of 300-1200 nm and an efficiency of 93.5 % for solar-driven water evaporation, thus demonstrating the potential of diradicaloid BMCs as high-performance organic photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
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16
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Kaymak P, Yang M, Benkő Z. A quest for stable phosphonyl radicals: limitations and possibilities of carbocyclic backbones and bulky substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13930-13945. [PMID: 37753839 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphonyl radicals play an important role as transient species in many chemical transformations, such as photoinitiated polymerisation reactions, permanently stable phosphonyl radicals are yet to be discovered. In this computational study, we aim at a conceptual understanding of the electronic effects influencing the stabilities of phosphonyl radicals through computing radical stabilisation energies (RSEs) for a large set of phosphonyl radicals with carbocyclic backbones. The studied radicals exhibit ring sizes varying from 3- to 7-membered with full saturation or different grades of unsaturation adjacent to the P-centre in an endo or exocyclic fashion. To gain deeper insight into the stabilisation effects and delocalisation, the geometrical aspects, electronic structures, and spin distributions of the radicals were scrutinised. The five-membered, fully unsaturated ring (phospholyl oxide), which has a planar structure, offers the most substantial electronic stabilisation. By embedding this ring into a more extended π-system, the possibility of gaining further stabilisation was also explored. To screen the effect of steric congestion on the stabilities of previously selected radicals toward dimerisation, a large number of bulky substituents with different sizes and shapes were systematically investigated. Our results outline that stable phosphonyl radicals seem accessible, provided that the electronic stabilisation effects are supplemented by well-designed bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kaymak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Sharma MK, Weinert HM, Li B, Wölper C, Henthorn JT, Cutsail GE, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Syntheses and Structures of 5-Membered Heterocycles Featuring 1,2-Diphospha-1,3-Butadiene and Its Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309466. [PMID: 37582227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
LGa(P2 OC)cAAC 2 features a 1,2-diphospha-1,3-butadiene unit with a delocalized π-type HOMO and a π*-type LUMO according to DFT calculations. [LGa(P2 OC)cAAC][K(DB-18-c-6)] 3[K(DB-18-c-6] containing the 1,2-diphospha-1,3-butadiene radical anion 3⋅- was isolated from the reaction of 2 with KC8 and dibenzo-18-crown-6. 3 reacted with [Fc][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (Fc=ferrocenium) to 2 and with TEMPO to [L-H Ga(P2 OC)cAAC][K(DB-18-c-6)] 4[K(DB-18-c-6] containing the 1,2-diphospha-1,3-butadiene anion 4- . The solid state structures of 2, 3K(DB-18-c-6], and 4[K(DB-18-c-6] were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanns M Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Justin T Henthorn
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC), Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC), Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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18
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Lv W, Dai Y, Guo R, Su Y, Ruiz DA, Liu LL, Tung CH, Kong L. Geometrically Constrained Organoboron Species as Lewis Superacids and Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308467. [PMID: 37395499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This report unveils an advancement in the formation of a Lewis superacid (LSA) and an organic superbase by the geometrical deformation of an organoboron species towards a T-shaped geometry. The boron dication [2]2+ supported by an amido diphosphine pincer ligand features both a large fluoride ion affinity (FIA>SbF5 ) and hydride ion affinity (HIA>B(C6 F5 )3 ), which qualifies it as both a hard and soft LSA. The unusual Lewis acidic properties of [2]2+ are further showcased by its ability to abstract hydride and fluoride from Et3 SiH and AgSbF6 respectively, and effectively catalyze the hydrodefluorination, defluorination/arylation, as well as reduction of carbonyl compounds. One and two-electron reduction of [2]2+ affords stable boron radical cation [2]⋅+ and borylene 2, respectively. The former species has an extremely high spin density of 0.798e at the boron atom, whereas the latter compound has been demonstrated to be a strong organic base (calcd. pKBH + (MeCN)=47.4) by both theoretical and experimental assessment. Overall, these results demonstrate the strong ability of geometric constraining to empower the central boron atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuyang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - David A Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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19
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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20
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Zhu B, Song Y, Zhu J, Rauhut G, Jiang J, Zeng X. FP(μ-N) 2 S: A Sulfur-Pnictogen Four-Membered Ring with 6π Electrons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300251. [PMID: 37261435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The new 6π-electron four-membered ring compound 3-fluoro-1λ2 ,2,4,3λ3 -thiadiazaphosphetidine, FP(μ-N)2 S, has been generated in the gas phase through high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of thiophosphoryl diazide, FP(S)(N3 )2 , at 1000 K. Subsequent isolation of FP(μ-N)2 S in cryogenic matrices (Ar, Ne, and N2 ) allows its characterization with matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy by combination with 15 N-isotope labeling and computations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/VTZ-F12 level of theory. Upon visible-light irradiation at 550 nm, this cyclic compound undergoes ring-opening to the thiazyl isomer FPNSN, followed by dissociation to FP and SN2 under subsequent UV-irradiation at 365 nm. In sharp contrast to the square planar structure for the isolobal four-membered ring S2 N2 , a puckered structure with significant biradical character has been found for FP(μ-N)2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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21
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Dong X, Luo QC, Zhao Y, Wang T, Sun Q, Pei R, Zhao Y, Zheng YZ, Wang X. A Dynamic Triradical: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spin Frustration. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17292-17298. [PMID: 37493570 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyradicals, i.e., multispin organic molecules, are playing important roles in radical-based material applications for their spin-spin interaction. A dynamic covalently bonded multispin molecule may endow materials with added function such as memory and switching. However, such a species has yet to be reported. We here report the synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of a dynamic triradical species. It is generated by the self-assembly of two molecules through a Lewis acid coupled electron transfer. The crystalline species is spin-frustrated without Jahn-Teller distortion at low temperature, while it dissociates back to diamagnetic starting material in solution at high temperature. The reversible process is tracked by variable-temperature NMR, EPR, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Isolation, property study, and dynamic bonding investigation on such a species lay the foundation for the design of functional polyradicals with potential application as memory or switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Luo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quanchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runbo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Kodama T, Uchida K, Nakasuji C, Kishi R, Kitagawa Y, Tobisu M. Open-Shell Germylene Stabilized by a Phenalenyl-Based Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7861-7867. [PMID: 37163696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An open-shell germylene 1 stabilized by a phenalenyl-based bidentate ligand was synthesized and characterized. Because of the high thermal stability originating from spin delocalization over the phenalenyl moiety, it was possible to isolate compound 1 in crystalline form by sublimation at ca. 300 °C. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, crystallographic analysis, theoretical calculations, and reactivities with carbon radicals suggest that the spin of 1 is distributed on the phenalenyl moiety, while 1 reacted with C2Cl6, PhSSPh, and p-benzoquinone at the germanium center to form Ge-E (E = Cl, S, O) bonds. Furthermore, compound 1 is featured by its reactivity as a "formal germylyne", which allows for the formation of three new σ-bonds or one σ-bond with metal complexation on the germanium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 561-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 561-0871, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakasuji
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (SRN-OTRI), Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 561-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Guo J, Tian X, Wang Y, Dou C. Progress of Indeno-type Organic Diradicaloids. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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24
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Wang D, Chen W, Zhai C, Zhao L, Ye S, Tan G. Monosubstituted Doublet Sn(I) Radical Featuring Substantial Unquenched Orbital Angular Momentum. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6914-6920. [PMID: 36926867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic high reactivity, isolation of heavier analogues of carbynes remains a great challenge. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a neutral monosubstituted Sn(I) radical (2) supported by a sterically hindered hydrindacene ligand, which represents the first tin analogue of a free carbyne. Different from all Sn(I/III) species reported thus far, the presence of a sole Sn-C σ bond in 2 renders the remaining two Sn 5p orbitals energetically almost degenerate, of which one is singly occupied and the other is empty. Consequently, its S = 1/2 ground state possesses two-fold orbital pseudo-degeneracy and substantial unquenched orbital angular momentum, as evidenced by one component of its g matrix (1.957, 1.896, and 1.578) being considerably less than 2. Consistent with this unique electronic structure, 2 can bind to an N-heterocyclic carbene to afford a neutral two-coordinate Sn(I) radical and initiate a one-electron transfer to benzophenone to furnish a Sn(II)-ketyl radical anion adduct. As a manifestation of its Sn-centered radical nature, 2 reacts with diphenyl diselenide and p-benzoquinone to form Sn-S and Sn-O bonds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai Zhai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Duvinage D, Mostaghimi F, Damrath M, Spils J, Komorr P, Odintsov DS, Fedin M, Shundrin LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Synthesis and Single-Electron Oxidation of Bulky Bis(m-terphenyl)chalcogenides: The Quest for Kinetically Stabilized Radical Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203498. [PMID: 36416222 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sterically encumbered bis(m-terphenyl)chalcogenides, (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E (E=S, Se, Te) were obtained by the reaction of the chalcogen tetrafluorides, EF4 , with three equivalents of m-terphenyl lithium, 2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 Li. The single-electron oxidation of (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Te using XeF2 /K[B(C6 F5 )4 ] afforded the radical cation [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Te][B(C6 F5 )4 ] that was isolated and fully characterized. The electrochemical oxidation of the lighter homologs (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E (E=S, Se) was irreversible and impaired by rapid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Farzin Mostaghimi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mattis Damrath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julian Spils
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pascal Komorr
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Danila S Odintsov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Fedin
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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26
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Guo J, Li Z, Tian X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradical B/N-Doped Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217470. [PMID: 36599802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic diradicaloids with atom-precise control over open-shell nature are promising materials for organic electronics and spintronics. Herein, we disclose quinoidal π-extension of a B/N-heterocycle for generating B/N-type organic diradicaloids. Two quinoidal π-extended B/N-doped polycyclic hydrocarbons that feature fusion of the B/N-heterocycle motif with the antiaromatic s-indacene or dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene core were synthesized. This quinoidal π-extension and B/N-heterocycle leads to their open-shell electronic nature, which stands in contrast to the multiple-resonance effect of conventional B/N-type emitters. These B/N-type diradicaloids have modulated (anti)aromaticity and enhanced diradical characters comparing with the all-carbon analogues, as well as intriguing properties, such as magnetic activities, narrow energy gaps and highly red-shifted absorptions. This study thus opens the new space for both of B/N-doped polycyclic π-systems and heterocyclic diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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27
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Pandey MK, Mondal D, Kote BS, Balakrishna MS. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Heavier Pnictogen Complexes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200460. [PMID: 36756696 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent success in the synthesis of π-conjugated heavier pnictogen (As, Sb, and Bi) compounds and their transition metal complexes has led to the current surge in interest that led to significant development in the field of photophysical and optoelectronic properties of heavier pnictogens and their transition metal complexes. The presence of heavier pnictogens (As, Sb and Bi) in the molecular skeleton promotes inter-system crossing (ISC) and reverse inter-system crossing (RISC), because of the heavy atom effect, via altering the intermolecular interactions and orbital energy levels. As a result, π-conjugated heavier pnictogen compounds such as arsines, dibenzoarsepins, arsinoquinoline, heterofluorene, benzo[b]heterole (heterole=arsole, bismole, and stibole) show unique optoelectronic properties such as narrow bandgap, low-energy absorption, and long-wavelength emission than lighter pnictogen-based compounds. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogen compounds. The synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogens are discussed and elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Basvaraj S Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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28
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Merschel A, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ringenberg M, van Gastel M, Demirer TI, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Crystalline Anions Based on Classical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215244. [PMID: 36398890 PMCID: PMC10107637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the first stable anions K[SIPrBp ] (4 a-K) and K[IPrBp ] (4 b-K) (SIPrBp =BpC{N(Dipp)CH2 }2 , IPrBp =BpC{N(Dipp)CH}2 ; Bp=4-PhC6 H4 ; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) derived from classical N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) (i.e. SIPr and IPr) have been isolated as violet crystalline solids. 4 a-K and 4 b-K are prepared by KC8 reduction of the neutral radicals [SIPrBp ] (3 a) and [IPrBp ] (3 b), respectively. The radicals 3 a and 3 b as well as [Me-IPrBp ] 3 c (Me-IPrBp =BpC{N(Dipp)CMe}2 ) are accessible as crystalline solids on treatment of the respective 1,3-imidazoli(ni)um bromides (SIPrBp )Br (2 a), (IPrBp )Br (2 b), and (Me-IPrBp )Br (2 c) with KC8 . The cyclic voltammograms of 2 a-2 c exhibit two one-electron reversible redox processes in -0.5 to -2.5 V region that correspond to the radicals 3 a-3 c and the anions (4 a-4 c)- . Computational calculations suggest a closed-shell singlet ground state for (4 a-4 c)- with the singlet-triplet energy gap of 17-24 kcal mol-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mark Ringenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - T Ilgin Demirer
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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29
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Liu YH, Li CC, Cheng WK, Li YH, Lin RY, Shieh M. Paramagnetic Semiconducting Se–Mn Clusters: A Mn 3Se 4-Stabilized Selenide Radical Intermediate and Its Aggregated Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20433-20444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
| | - Cai-Cen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huei Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
| | - Ru Yan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
| | - Minghuey Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan116325, Republic of China
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30
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Dai Y, Bao M, Wang W, Xie Z, Liu C, Su Y. Crystalline
Germanium‐Dipyrromethene
Radicals: from a Delocalized Neutral to a Localized Cation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Manling Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhuofeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Chunmeng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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