1
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Shao X, Dong Z, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Guo H. Quantum dots-based multiplexed immunosensors for accurate diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116096. [PMID: 38484638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks objective diagnostic markers. In clinical settings, reliance on subjective judgments can often lead to missed or misdiagnoses. Some biomarkers have been reported to be associated with ADHD, but using one biomarker alone is not enough. To address this, we developed a fluorescent immunoassay platform based on quantum dots (QDs) to detect assay capable of detecting and quantifying multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Specifically, we were able to the simultaneously detect brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and ferritin using different emission spectra QDs. The QD-based multiplexed immunoassay displayed a low detection of limit in the range of 0.021-0.068 pg/mL, and the assay showed satisfactory reproducibility and precision. We then quantified all four targets from ADHD patient's plasma samples, where it showed remarkable consistency with clinical test for ADHD diagnosis. This methodological comparison supports the diagnosis of ADHD using our assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shao
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China.
| | - Zhao Dong
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Yunyun Qiao
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
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2
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Wang J, Du L, Han Y, Zhang D, Jing D. Advancing in situ single-cell microbiological analysis through a microwell droplet array with a gradual open sidewall. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5165-5172. [PMID: 37960941 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microfluidic analysis technology has resulted in the advancement of fast pathogenic bacteria detection, which can accurately provide information on biochemical reactions in a single cell and enhance detection efficiency. Nevertheless, the achievement of rapid and effective in situ detection of single-bacteria arrays remains a challenge due to the complexity of bacterial populations and low Reynolds coefficient fluid, resulting in insufficient diffusion. We develop microwell droplet array chips from the lateral hydrodynamic wetting approach to address this issue. The sidewall of the microwell gradually opens which aids in advancing the liquid-air interface and facilitates the impregnation of the solid microwells, preserving the Wenzel state and assisting in resisting the liquid force to separation from the drop. The feasibility of preparing cell arrays and identifying them inside the microwells was demonstrated through the simulated streamlined distribution of gradual and traditional microwells with different sizes. The water-based ink diffusion experiment examined the relationship between diffusion efficiency and flow velocity, as well as the position of the microwell relative to the channel. It showed that the smaller gradual microwell still has a good diffusion efficiency rate at a flow velocity of 2.1 μL min-1 and that the infiltration state is easier to adjust. With this platform, we successfully isolated a mixed population containing E. coli and S. aureus, obtained single-bacteria arrays, and performed Gram assays after in situ propagation. After 20 hours of culture, single bacteria reproduced demonstrating the capability of this platform to isolate, cultivate, and detect pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Lin Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Yuwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
| | - Dalei Jing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200093.
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3
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Zhang Y, Sun C, Duan Y, Cheng S, Hu W. Carbon dots-functionalized extended gate organic field effect transistor-based biosensors for low abundance proteins. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16458-16465. [PMID: 37791597 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03405d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic field effect transistors have emerged as promising platforms for biosensing applications. However, the challenge lies in optimizing functionalization strategies for the sensing interface, enabling the simultaneous detection of low abundance proteins while maintaining device performance. Here, we designed a carbon dots-functionalized extended gate organic field effect transistor. Leveraging the advantages of facile synthesis, tunable modification, small particle size, and cost-effectiveness of carbon dots, we implemented their integration onto the electrode surface. Through harnessing the covalent interactions of functional groups on the surface of carbon dots, we achieved effective immobilization of low abundance proteins without compromising device performance. Consequently, this biosensor exhibits a remarkably low limit of detection of 2.7 pg mL-1 and demonstrates high selectivity for the carcinoembryonic antigen. These findings highlight the superior capabilities of carbon dots in enhancing biosensor performance and emphasize their potential for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Insitute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Ren M, Dong Y, Wang J, Lin J, Qu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital immunosensor based on click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 in peanuts. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341687. [PMID: 37709427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogenic contaminant in food or feed, and it poses a serious health risk to humans. Herein, a computer vision-assisted smartphone microscope imaging digital (SMID) immunosensor based on the click chemistry-mediated microsphere counting technology was designed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. In this SMID immunosensor, the modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used as the signal probes and were recorded by a smartphone microscopic imaging system after immunoreaction and click chemistry reaction. The number of PS probes is adjusted by aflatoxin B1. The customized computer vision procedure was used to efficiently identify and count the obtained PS probes. This SMID immunosensor enables sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 with a linear range from 0.001 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL, providing a simple, sensitive, and portable tool for food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food of Hebei Province, Hebei North University, No. 11 South Diamond Road, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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5
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Stephens AD, Song Y, McClellan BL, Su SH, Xu S, Chen K, Castro MG, Singer BH, Kurabayashi K. Miniaturized microarray-format digital ELISA enabled by lithographic protein patterning. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115536. [PMID: 37473549 PMCID: PMC10528924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The search for reliable protein biomarker candidates is critical for early disease detection and treatment. However, current immunoassay technologies are failing to meet increasing demands for sensitivity and multiplexing. Here, the authors have created a highly sensitive protein microarray using the principle of single-molecule counting for signal amplification, capable of simultaneously detecting a panel of cancer biomarkers at sub-pg/mL levels. To enable this amplification strategy, the authors introduce a novel method of protein patterning using photolithography to subdivide addressable arrays of capture antibody spots into hundreds of thousands of individual microwells. This allows for the total sensor area to be miniaturized, increasing the total possible multiplex capacity. With the immunoassay realized on a standard 75x25 mm form factor glass substrate, sample volume consumption is minimized to <10 μL, making the technology highly efficient and cost-effective. Additionally, the authors demonstrate the power of their technology by measuring six secretory factors related to glioma tumor progression in a cohort of mice. This highly sensitive, sample-sparing multiplex immunoassay paves the way for researchers to track changes in protein profiles over time, leading to earlier disease detection and discovery of more effective treatment using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Stephens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brandon L McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sonnet Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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6
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Khan F, Qiu H. Amyloid-β: A potential mediator of aging-related vascular pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107213. [PMID: 37625763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most promising risk factors for vascular diseases, however, the precise mechanisms mediating aging-related pathologies are not fully understood. Amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide produced by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is known as a key mediator of brain damage involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it was found that the accumulation of Aβ in the vascular wall is linked to a range of aging-related vascular pathologies, indicating a potential role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of aging-associated vascular diseases. In the present review, we have updated the molecular regulation of Aβ in vascular cells and tissues, summarized the relevance of the Aβ deposition with vascular aging and diseases, and the role of Aβ dysregulation in aging-associated vascular pathologies, including the impaired vascular response, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will provide advanced information in understanding aging-related vascular pathologies and a new avenue to explore therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA.
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7
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Hlaváček A, Uhrová K, Weisová J, Křivánková J. Artificial Intelligence-Aided Massively Parallel Spectroscopy of Freely Diffusing Nanoscale Entities. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12256-12263. [PMID: 37552526 PMCID: PMC10448498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Massively parallel spectroscopy (MPS) of many single nanoparticles in an aqueous dispersion is reported. As a model system, bioconjugated photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with a near-infrared excitation are prepared. The UCNPs are doped either with Tm3+ (emission 450 and 802 nm) or Er3+ (emission 554 and 660 nm). These UCNPs are conjugated to biotinylated bovine serum albumin (Tm3+-doped) or streptavidin (Er3+-doped). MPS is correlated with an ensemble spectra measurement, and the limit of detection (1.6 fmol L-1) and the linearity range (4.8 fmol L-1 to 40 pmol L-1) for bioconjugated UCNPs are estimated. MPS is used for observing the bioaffinity clustering of bioconjugated UCNPs. This observation is correlated with a native electrophoresis and bioaffinity assay on a microtiter plate. A competitive MPS bioaffinity assay for biotin is developed and characterized with a limit of detection of 6.6 nmol L-1. MPS from complex biological matrices (cell cultivation medium) is performed without increasing background. The compatibility with polydimethylsiloxane microfluidics is proven by recording MPS from a 30 μm deep microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Kateřina Uhrová
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Julie Weisová
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Jana Křivánková
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
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8
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Zhang J, Wiener AD, Meyer RE, Kan CW, Rissin DM, Kolluru B, George C, Tobos CI, Shan D, Duffy DC. Improving the Accuracy, Robustness, and Dynamic Range of Digital Bead Assays. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37229528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report methods that improve the quantification of digital bead assays (DBA)─such as the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)─that have found widespread use for high sensitivity measurement of proteins in clinical research and diagnostics. In digital ELISA, proteins are captured on beads, labeled with enzymes, individual beads are interrogated for activity from one or more enzymes, and the average number of enzymes per bead (AEB) is determined based on Poisson statistics. The widespread use of digital ELISA has revealed limitations to the original approaches to quantification that can lead to inaccurate AEB. Here, we have addressed the inaccuracy in AEB due to deviations from Poisson distribution in a digital ELISA for Aβ-40 by changing the AEB calculation from a fixed threshold between digital counting and average normalized intensity to a smooth, continuous combination of digital counting and intensity. We addressed issues with determining the average product fluorescence intensity from single enzymes on beads by allowing outlier, high intensity arrays to be removed from average intensities, and by permitting the use of a wider range of arrays. These approaches improved the accuracy of a digital ELISA for tau protein that was affected by aggregated detection antibodies. We increased the dynamic range of a digital ELISA for IL-17A from AEB ∼25 to ∼130 by combining long and short exposure images at the product emission wavelength to create virtual images. The methods reported will significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of DBA based on imaging─such as single molecule arrays (Simoa)─and flow detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Alexander D Wiener
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Raymond E Meyer
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Cheuk W Kan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David M Rissin
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Bharathi Kolluru
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Christopher George
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Carmen I Tobos
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Dandan Shan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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9
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Abstract
There has been a recent surge of advances in biomolecular assays based on the measurement of discrete molecular targets as opposed to signals averaged across molecular ensembles. Many of these "digital" assay designs derive from now-mature technologies involving single-molecule imaging and microfluidics and provide an assortment of new modalities to quantify nucleic acids and proteins in biospecimens such as blood and tissue homogenates. A primary new benefit is the robust detection of trace analytes at attomolar to femtomolar concentrations for which many ensemble assays cannot distinguish signals above noise levels. In addition, multiple biomolecules can be differentiated within a mixture using optical barcodes, with much faster and simpler readouts compared with sequencing methods. In ideal digital assays, signals should, in theory, further represent absolute molecular counts, rather than relative levels, eliminating the need for calibration standards that are the mainstay of typical assays. Several digital assay platforms have now been commercialized but challenges hinder the adoption and diversification of these new formats, as there are broad needs to balance sensitivity and dynamic range of detection, increase analyte multiplexing, improve sample throughput, and reduce cost. Our lab and others have developed technologies to address these challenges by redesigning molecular probes and labels, improving molecular transport within detection focal volumes, and applying solution-based readout methods in flow.This Account describes the principles, formats, and design constraints of digital biomolecular assays that apply optical labels toward the goal of simple and routine target counting that may ultimately approach absolute readout standards. The primary challenges can be understood from fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and kinetics of association reactions, mass transport, and discrete statistics. Major advances include (1) new inorganic nanocrystal probes for more robust counting compared with dyes, (2) diverse molecular amplification tools that endow attachment of numerous labels to single targets, (3) specialized surfaces with patterned features for electromagnetic coupling to labels for signal amplification, (4) surface capture enhancement methods to concentrate targets through disruption of diffusion depletion zones, and (5) flow counting in which analytes are rapidly counted in solution without pull-down to a surface. Further progress and integration of these tools for biomolecular counting could improve the precision of laboratory measurements in life sciences research and benefit clinical diagnostic assays for low abundance biomarkers in limiting biospecimen volumes that are out of reach of traditional ensemble-level bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Chen S, Sun Z, Li W, Yu P, Shi Q, Kong F, Zhang Q, Wang P, Wang Y, Shi F, Du J. Digital Magnetic Detection of Biomolecular Interactions with Single Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2636-2643. [PMID: 36971403 PMCID: PMC10103294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions compose a fundamental element of all life forms and are the biological basis of many biomedical assays. However, current methods for detecting biomolecular interactions have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Here, using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as quantum sensors, we demonstrate digital magnetic detection of biomolecular interactions with single magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We first developed a single-particle magnetic imaging (SiPMI) method on 100 nm-sized MNPs with negligible magnetic background, high signal stability, and accurate quantification. The single-particle method was performed on biotin-streptavidin interactions and DNA-DNA interactions in which a single-base mismatch was specifically differentiated. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2-related antibodies and nucleic acids were examined by a digital immunomagnetic assay derived from SiPMI. In addition, a magnetic separation process improved the detection sensitivity and dynamic range by more than 3 orders of magnitude and also the specificity. This digital magnetic platform is applicable to extensive biomolecular interaction studies and ultrasensitive biomedical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyou Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziting Sun
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wanhe Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qian Shi
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei Kong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical
Sciences, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei
National Laboratory, University of Science
and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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