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Zhang Y, Ye S, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Yao Y, Liu W, Wu L. Salvianolic acid B as a potent nano-agent for enhanced ALA-PDT of oral cancer and leukoplakia cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1091-1099. [PMID: 36705399 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the light activation of a photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, but its effect on cancer therapy is limited dramatically by hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. OBJECTIVES To determine the potential of a nano-photosensitizer loaded salvianolic acid B (SalB) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for enhancing the efficacy of PDT in oral squamous cell carcinoma Cal27 cells and leukoplakia Leuk1 cells. RESULTS Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) assay showed that nano-SalB-ALA generated higher levels of singlet oxygen, compared to nano-SalB and nano-ALA. Cellular uptake assay showed that nano-SalB-ALA effectively absorbed by Leuk1 cells. Importantly, cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry revealed that PDT with nano-SalB-ALA effectively inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of Cal27 and Leuk1 cells, respectively. Moreover, the tumor xenograft study revealed that PDT with nano-SalB-ALA had a stronger inhibitory effect on tumor growth of nude mice, compared to control groups. CONCLUSIONS The novel photosensitizer nano-SalB-ALA remarkably enhanced the efficacy of PDT by improving singlet oxygen production, inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, and suppressing tumor growth. These suggest PDT with nano-SalB-ALA could be a clinically significant and potent treatment for oral cancer and leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai Ye
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Okuno Y, Iwasaki Y. Encapsulation of multiple enzymes within a microgel via water-in-water emulsions for enzymatic cascade reactions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1018-1024. [PMID: 38197458 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-loaded spherical microgels with diameters of several micrometers have been explored for use in therapeutic microreactors and biosensors. Conventional preparation strategies for enzyme-loaded microgels utilized water-in-oil emulsions or flow chemistry techniques. The former damage enzyme activity using organic solvents and the latter are expensive and difficult to expand because of the complex system. In this study, we present a simple strategy for creating multiple enzyme-loaded gelatin-based microgels with tunable diameters in a single flask. This strategy was based on our finding that enzymes spontaneously partitioned in a dispersed methacryloyl gelatin aqueous solution in a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (WGelMA/WPVP) aqueous solution. The method achieved an encapsulation efficiency of over 70% even with four types of enzymes and retained their activity owing to the full aqueous system. Additionally, the encapsulated β-galactosidase activity was maintained for 24 hours at pH 6, although naked β-galactosidase lost approximately 60% of its activity, which was superior to that of previous enzyme-loaded gelatin gels. Moreover, this simple method enabled the production of 10 g-scale or more microgels in one batch. We also demonstrated that multiple enzyme-loaded gelatin microgels functioned as cascade microreactors for lactose and glucose sensing. This versatile strategy enables the production of enzyme-loaded microgels while maintaining the enzyme activity using very low technologies. This result contributes to the easy preparation of enzyme-loaded microgels and their applications in the biomedical and green catalytic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Okuno
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
- Organization for Research & Development of Innovative Science & Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
- Organization for Research & Development of Innovative Science & Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Zeng S, Chen J, Gao R, Chen R, Xue Q, Ren Y, Liu L, Tang C, Hu H, Zeng N, Wen S, Zhang H, Liu C, Fang C. NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Oxygen Delivery and Controlled Release Improves Photodynamic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308780. [PMID: 37983859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a prominent hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), undermines curative outcomes, elevates recurrence rates, and fosters metastasis, particularly during photodynamic therapy (PDT) in clinical settings. Studies indicate that alleviating tumor hypoxia enhances PDT efficacy. However, persistent challenges, including suboptimal oxygen delivery efficiency and absence of real-time feedback on blood oxygen fluctuations during PDT, considerably impede therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment. This study addresses these issues using near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photoacoustic (PA) imaging for tumor-targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release. For this purpose, a biomimetic oxygen delivery system designated BLICP@O2 is developed, which utilizes hybrid tumor cell membranes and thermosensitive liposomes as oxygen carriers, incorporating the NIR-II dye IR1048, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), and perfluorohexane. Upon sequential irradiation at 1064 and 690 nm, BLICP@O2 exhibits significant photothermal and photodynamic effects. Photothermal heating triggers oxygen release, enhancing the photodynamic effect of Ce6. Blood oxygen changes during PDT are tracked by multispectral PA imaging. Enhanced PDT efficacy, mediated by hypoxia relief, is convincingly demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. This work presents an imaging-guided, dual-wavelength programmed cascaded treatment strategy for tumor-targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release, with real-time efficacy monitoring using PA imaging, offering valuable insights for overcoming challenges in PDT-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silue Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongkang Gao
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Biliary Surgical Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Ultrasound Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liangjian Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanyu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Haoyu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sai Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, General Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical and Engineering Center of Digital Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
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