1
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Hou T, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Lu W, Ma C. Group-Directed [5+2] Cycloaddition Approach to 10π-Electron Cyclohepta[ c]furans and Derivatives. Org Lett 2025; 27:5287-5292. [PMID: 40369745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
We present a group-assisted protocol that enables the 1,3-dien-5-yne scaffold as a novel five-carbon synthon to accomplish a palladium-catalyzed [5+2] cycloaddition with a variety of alkynes in the presence of H2O. This method affords a straightforward approach to the synthesis of 10π-electron 6H-cyclohepta[c]furans that are versatile building blocks for constructing diverse cycloheptatriene-fused molecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 20 Yugu Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 20 Yugu Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 20 Yugu Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenpeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 20 Yugu Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 20 Yugu Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Xia YW, Xu B, Zhang ZM, Zhang J. Construction of Novel Chiral NPN Ligands and the Application in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions. Chemistry 2025; 31:e202500465. [PMID: 40139975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202500465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
This paper reports a novel chiral NPN ligand derived from the modification of Ming-Phos. This series of ligands possess advantages such as easy synthesis and convenient modification. Moreover, they exhibit excellent enantioselectivity in gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wei Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
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3
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Wang L, Zhang W. Recent Advances on Epoxide- and Aziridine-Based [3+2] Annulations. Chem Asian J 2025; 20:e202401936. [PMID: 39962900 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202401936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
[3+2] Annulations are a powerful method for the synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The annulations have concerted cycloaddition and formal (stepwise) cycloaddition reaction pathways. In addition to the well-established O-centered and N-centered ylides, epoxides and aziridines could serve as synthetic equivalent of 1,3-dipoles for [3+2] annulation with dipolarophiles for making functionalized tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, and associated compounds. This review article covers recent development on epoxide- and aziridine-based [3+2] annulation reactions. The reactions are classified based on the ring opening conditions, including acid/base catalysis, organocatalysis, and transitional-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Gehu Road 33, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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4
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Guo B, Yan X, Wang Z, Shen C, Chen W, Cen S, Peng Q, Zhang Z. Enhanced Pyridine-Oxazoline Ligand-Enabled Pd(II)-Catalyzed Aminoacetoxylation of Alkenes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Biaryl-Bridged 7-Membered N-Heterocycles and Atropisomers. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:12614-12626. [PMID: 40167529 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
A new class of binaphthyl unit-enhanced pyridine-oxazoline ligands was developed to promote the Pd-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular 7-exo aminoacetoxylation of unactivated biaryl alkenes. Biaryl-bridged 7-membered N-heterocycles bearing a chiral center were obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99:1 er). Computational investigations on a series of biaryl-bridged 7-membered rings provided insights into the rotational barrier of the potentially chiral biaryl unit by the substituent effect including the heteroatom, the protecting group, and the chiral center. The kinetic resolution of racemic axially chiral biaryls via intramolecular enantioselective aminoacetoxylation of alkenes has also been achieved, affording previously inaccessible biaryl-bridged 7-membered N-heterocycles bearing both a chiral center and a chiral axis, as well as axially chiral biaryl amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weifu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shouyi Cen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Thakur D, Meena SA, Sharma M, Verma AK. Gold/silver-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized indoles from N-allyl-2-alkynylanilines and α-diazo compounds via 1,3-allyl migration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025; 61:5313-5316. [PMID: 40079234 DOI: 10.1039/d5cc00461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed synthesis of decorated indoles has been developed through carbene insertion into N-H bonds of N-allyl-2-(aryl/alkyl ethynyl)anilines using α-diazo compounds followed by cyclization and concomitant 1,3 migration of allyl fragments. The developed protocol tackles the inherited challenge of direct C3 functionalization and eliminates the need for a tertiary aniline precursor for the 1,3-migration reaction. The applicability of this transformation is showcased through the practical synthesis of analogs of small drug-like and pharmaceutically relevant molecules such as ibuprofen, estradiol, menthol, and borneol, etc. The mechanism is well supported by control experiments and isolation of the reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Shivam A Meena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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6
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Ni C, Liu JP, Zhang XX, Wang ZY, Liang Z, Chen C, Qiu D. Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective C-H Sulfonylation via Aryl Thianthrenium Salts to Access Diarylsulfones. J Org Chem 2025; 90:3279-3289. [PMID: 39982009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
We presented a highly efficient palladium-catalyzed site-selective C-H sulfonylation reaction via aryl thianthrenium salts. By utilizing readily available and cost-effective arenes along with sodium sulfinates, we achieved the C(sp2)-S cross-coupling with high efficiency, establishing a dependable method for synthesizing diarylsulfones with satisfactory yields. This method exhibits excellent tolerance toward functional groups, scalability, and the synthesis or late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, making it a valuable sulfonylation tool for drug modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224007, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhang Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224007, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang LZ, Zhang PC, Wang Q, Zhou M, Zhang J. Enantioselective Heck/Tsuji-Trost reaction of flexible vinylic halides with 1,3-dienes. Nat Commun 2025; 16:930. [PMID: 39843426 PMCID: PMC11754474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective domino Heck/cross-coupling has emerged as a powerful tool in modern chemical synthesis for decades. Despite significant progress in relative rigid skeleton substrates, the implementation of asymmetric Heck/cross-coupling cascades of highly flexible haloalkene substrates remains a challenging and and long-standing goal. Here we report an efficient asymmetric domino Heck/Tsuji-Trost reaction of highly flexible vinylic halides with 1,3-dienes enabled by palladium catalysis. Specifically, the Heck insertion as stereodetermining step to form ƞ3 allyl palladium complex and in situ trapping with nucleophiles enable efficient Heck/etherification in a formal (4 + 2) cycloaddition manner. Engineering the Sadphos bearing androgynous non-C2-symmetric chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligands are vital component in achieving excellent catalytic reactivity and enantioselectivity. This strategy offers a general, modular and divergent platform for rapidly upgrading feedstock flexible vinylic halides and dienes to various value-added molecules and is expected to inspire the development of other challenging enantioselective domino Heck/cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei-Chao Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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8
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Wang JP, Liu T, Wu Y, Wang P. Pd-Catalyzed Migratory 1,1-Cycloannulation Reaction of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:69-77. [PMID: 39692582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel strategy for the preparation of diverse heterocycles via a Pd-catalyzed migratory 1,1-cycloannulation reaction (MCAR) of alkenes. Starting from readily available alkenyl amines and alkenyl alcohols, this approach allows the formation of a wide range of five- to seven-membered azaheterocycles and oxaheterocycles with high efficiency and good functional group tolerance. The key to the realization of this reaction is the use of 4-iodophenol or 2-iodophenol derivatives where the phenolic hydroxyl group plays a critical role in controlling the direction of migration and the ring-size of the heterocycles through the formation of a quinone methide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry, and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang X, Bi W, Cao Z, Shen J, Chen B. Recent Developments in the Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:5458. [PMID: 39598847 PMCID: PMC11597738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29225458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions have become a powerful and efficient approach for the stereoselective construction of both carbocyclic and heterocyclic ring systems. Transition metal complexes, with their ability to activate and selectively functionalize organic substrates, have revolutionized various areas of synthetic chemistry. This review highlights recent advancements in metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions, especially in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles like imidazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines, and indoles. These advancements have significantly impacted fields such as natural product synthesis, pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and organic electronics. Novel catalytic systems, ligand designs, and reaction conditions continue to expand the capabilities of these reactions, driving further the progress made in synthetic organic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Juxin New Materials Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wenxuan Bi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Baohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Ju D, Kang J, Song Z. Enantioselective Intramolecular Oxidative Aminoacetoxylation from Aryl-Substituted Alkene via Chiral Triazole-oxazoline Palladium Complexes. Org Lett 2024; 26:9637-9642. [PMID: 39481041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe an enantioselective intramolecular oxidative aminoacetoxylation reaction using a palladium catalyst and an aryl-substituted internal alkene compound as the substrate under mild conditions in several hours. The triazole-oxazoline ligand was selected for the asymmetric catalyst. A range of enantioenriched pyrrolidine-derived vicinal amino acetate compounds were synthesized, showing yields from 47% to 84%, diastereomer ratios from 57:43 to 95:5, and enantiomer excesses from 67% to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jiaao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Zhiguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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11
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Feng J, Xi LL, Lu CJ, Liu RR. Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-N cross-coupling. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9560-9581. [PMID: 39171573 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chiral amine scaffolds are among the most important building blocks in natural products, drug molecules, and functional materials, which have prompted chemists to focus more on their synthesis. Among the accomplishments in chiral amine synthesis, transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective C-N cross-coupling is considered one of the most efficient protocols. This approach combines traditional C(sp2)-N cross-coupling methods (such as the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction Ullmann-type reaction, and Chan-Evans-Lam reaction), aryliodonium salt chemistry and radical chemistry, providing an attractive pathway to a wide range of structurally diverse chiral amines with high enantioselectivity. This review summarizes the established protocols and offers a comprehensive outlook on the promising enantioselective C-N cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Long-Long Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308#, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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12
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Zhu W, Han C, Yang G, Huo X, Zhang W. Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Enantio- and Diastereodivergent Wacker-Type Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26121-26130. [PMID: 39099165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Wacker and Wacker-type reactions are some of the most fundamental and powerful transformations in organic chemistry for their ability to efficiently produce valuable chemicals. Remarkable progress has been achieved in asymmetric oxy/aza-Wacker-type reactions; however, asymmetric Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization remains underdeveloped, especially for the concurrent construction of two stereocenters. Herein, we report a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the origin of diastereoselectivity in this Pd/Cu synergistic catalytic system is jointly determined by both the intermolecular anti-carbopalladation of alkenes and the reductive elimination processes, in accordance with the Curtin-Hammett principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Li M, Gao F, Xu S, Miao DY, Chen DP, Li SX, Qiu YF, Quan ZJ, Wang XC, Liang YM. Nickel-Catalyzed Narasaka-Heck Cyclization Carbonylation of Unsaturated Oxime Esters with Arylboronic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:7834-7840. [PMID: 39235769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The Narasaka-Heck reaction is one of the most straightforward methods for constructing pyrroline derivatives. Herein, we report a novel nickel-catalyzed three-component carbonylation reaction, which cleverly realizes the continuous construction of C(sp3)-N bonds and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds and effectively promotes the synthesis of acyl-substituted pyrroline derivatives. Furthermore, this strategy not only expands the conversion pathway of γ,δ-unsaturated oxime esters but also provides a new method for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Shanmei Xu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yu Miao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Xi Li
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Qiu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Li F, Luo Y, Ren J, Yuan Q, Yan D, Zhang W. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Heterobiaryls: Simultaneous Construction of Axial and Central Chirality. Org Lett 2024; 26:6835-6840. [PMID: 39110942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
There are only a few examples being reported for the simultaneous control of central chirality and axial chirality because it is more challenging. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with heterobiaryls to simultaneously construct axial and central chirality. The reaction showed a broad substrate scope and delivered the products with satisfactory results. The results of the control experiments demonstrated that the FerroLANE ligand promotes the reaction to proceed along a specific modified Chalk-Harrod mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou JL, Xiao Y, He L, Gao XY, Yang XC, Wu WB, Wang G, Zhang J, Feng JJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Switchable Hetero-(5 + 3)/Enantioselective [2σ+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Vinyl Oxiranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19621-19628. [PMID: 38739092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
For nearly 60 years, significant research efforts have been focused on developing strategies for the cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs). However, higher-order cycloaddition and catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of BCBs have been long-standing formidable challenges. Here, we report Pd-catalyzed ligand-controlled, tunable cycloadditions for the divergent synthesis of bridged bicyclic frameworks. The dppb ligand facilitates the formal (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs and vinyl oxiranes, yielding valuable eight-membered ethers with bridged bicyclic scaffolds in 100% regioselectivity. The Cy-DPEphos ligand promotes selective hetero-[2σ+2σ] cycloadditions to access pharmacologically important 2-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (O-BCHeps). Furthermore, the corresponding catalytic asymmetric synthesis of O-BCHeps with 94-99% ee has been achieved using chiral (S)-DTBM-Segphos, representing the first catalytic asymmetric cross-dimerization of two strained rings. The obtained O-BCHeps are promising bioisosteres for ortho-substituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
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16
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Zhan X, Nie Z, Li N, Zhou A, Lv H, Liang M, Wu K, Cheng GJ, Yin Q. Catalytic Asymmetric Cascade Dearomatization of Indoles via a Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed 1,2-Bisfunctionalization of Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404388. [PMID: 38641988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced Pd-catalyzed bisfunctionalization of butadienes with a readily available organic halide and a nucleophile represents an emerging and attractive method to assemble versatile alkenes bearing various functional groups at the allylic position. However, enantiocontrol and/or diastereocontrol in the C-C or C-X bond-formation step have not been solved due to the open-shell process. Herein, we present a cascade asymmetric dearomatization reaction of indoles via photoexcited Pd-catalyzed 1,2-biscarbonfunctionalization of 1,3-butadienes, wherein asymmetric control on both the nucleophile and electrophile part is achieved for the first time in photoinduced bisfunctionalization of butadienes. This method delivers structurally novel chiral spiroindolenines bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereomeric ratios (up to >20 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantiomeric ratios (up to 97 : 3 er). Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism have confirmed a radical pathway involving excited-state palladium catalysis. The alignment and non-covalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst were found to be essential for stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhan
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Nie
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Lv
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Liang
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Wu
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yin
- Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, and Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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17
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Demidoff FC, Costa PRR, Caleffi GS. Advances in the synthesis of rearranged homoisoflavonoids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4839-4863. [PMID: 38819298 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rearranged homoisoflavonoids constitute a unique group of natural products, renowned for their structural diversity and complexity. These compounds, derived from modifications in the 3-benzylchroman skeleton, are categorized into four subclasses: brazilin, caesalpin, protosappanin, and scillascillin homoisoflavonoids. This review examines the advancements in the total synthesis of these complex structures, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities encountered. A comparative analysis of the strategies employed thus far to synthesize these compounds provides a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Demidoff
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560 Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Wang X, Lv R, Li X. Kinetic resolution of 1-(1-alkynyl)cyclopropyl ketones via gold-catalyzed divergent (4 + 4) cycloadditions: stereoselective access to furan fused eight-membered heterocycles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9361-9368. [PMID: 38903218 PMCID: PMC11186327 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral eight-membered heterocycles comprise a diverse array of natural products and bioactive compounds, yet accessing them poses significant challenges. Here we report a gold-catalyzed stereoselective (4 + 4) cycloaddition as a reliable and divergent strategy, enabling readily accessible precursors (anthranils and ortho-quinone methides) to be intercepted by in situ generated gold-furyl 1,4-dipoles, delivering previously inaccessible chiral furan/pyrrole-containing eight-membered heterocycles with good results (56 examples, all >20 : 1 dr, up to 99% ee). Moreover, we achieve a remarkably efficient kinetic resolution (KR) process (s factor up to 747). The scale-up synthesis and diversified transformations of cycloadducts highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol. Computational calculations provide an in-depth understanding of the stereoselective cycloaddition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Ruifeng Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University NO. 388 Ruoshui Road, SIP Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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19
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Guo H, Kirchhoff JL, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Asymmetric Pd/Organoboron-Catalyzed Site-Selective Carbohydrate Functionalization with Alkoxyallenes Involving Noncovalent Stereocontrol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400912. [PMID: 38530140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the robustness of a synergistic chiral Pd/organoboron system in tackling a challenging suite of site-, regio-, enantio- and diastereoselectivity issues across a considerable palette of biologically relevant carbohydrate polyols, when prochiral alkoxyallenes were employed as electrophiles. In view of the burgeoning role of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) in stereoselective carbohydrate synthesis, our mechanistic experiments and DFT modeling of the reaction path unexpectedly revealed that NCIs such as hydrogen bonding and CH-π interactions between the resting states of the Pd-π-allyl complex and the borinate saccharide are critically involved in the stereoselectivity control. Our strategy thus illuminates the untapped potential of harnessing NCIs in the context of transition metal catalysis to tackle stereoselectivity challenges in carbohydrate functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- NMR Department Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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20
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Chen W, Xu H, Liu FX, Chen K, Zhou Z, Yi W. Chiral Osmium(II)/Salox Species Enabled Enantioselective γ-C(sp 3)-H Amidation: Integrated Experimental and Computational Validation For the Ligand Design and Reaction Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401498. [PMID: 38499469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, multiple types of chiral Os(II) complexes have been designed to address the appealing yet challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization, among which the Os(II)/Salox species is found to be the most efficient for precise stereocontrol in realizing the asymmetric C(sp3)-H amidation. As exemplified by the enantioenriched pyrrolidinone synthesis, such tailored Os(II)/Salox catalyst efficiently enables an intramolecular site-/enantioselective C(sp3)-H amidation in the γ-position of dioxazolone substrates, in which benzyl, propargyl and allyl groups bearing various substituted forms are well compatible, affording the corresponding chiral γ-lactam products with good er values (up to 99 : 1) and diverse functionality (>35 examples). The unique performance advantage of the developed chiral Os(II)/Salox system in terms of the catalytic energy profile and the chiral induction has been further clarified by integrated experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Fu-Xiaomin Liu
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Wei Yi
- the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
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