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Bender F, Burin MG, Tirelli KM, Medeiros F, Bitencourt FHD, Civallero G, Kubaski F, Bravo H, Daher A, Carnier V, Franco JFS, Giugliani R. Newborn screening for lysosomal disorders in Brazil: A pilot study using customized fluorimetric assays. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180334. [PMID: 32478793 PMCID: PMC7263201 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes. In general, patients are clinically normal at birth, and progressively develop severe signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is usually made several years after onset of manifestations, preventing patients to have the benefits of the early treatment. Newborn screening programs are being considered for LSDs to allow early diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluated the feasibility of a customized screening approach based on modified fluorometric assays with reduced amounts of reagents, substrates and samples for: mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I (MPS I), MPS VI, Fabry, Gaucher, and Pompe diseases. We also evaluated the advantages of including blood chitotriosidase and urinary glycosaminoglycans in the protocol. By the measurement of the specific disease-associated enzymes (plus blood chitotriosidase and urinary glycosaminoglycans) we analyzed 834 de-identified DBS of unselected newborns. No positive case was detected, and the false-positive rates were low. Taking into consideration the limitations of this methodology, we believe that, after defining proper cutoffs, it could be a viable alternative to provide NBS for LSDs by laboratories that may not be able to afford the commercial methods available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bender
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Médicas: Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maira G Burin
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kristiane M Tirelli
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Medeiros
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Médicas: Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hendges de Bitencourt
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Civallero
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Heydy Bravo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - José F S Franco
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Hospital e Maternidade Celso Pierro, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Médicas: Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Burin M, Dutra-Filho C, Brum J, Mauricio T, Amorim M, Giugliani R. Effect of collection, transport, processing and storage of blood specimens on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in plasma and leukocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:1003-13. [PMID: 10973130 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different conditions of collection, transport and storage on the quality of blood samples from normal individuals in terms of the activity of the enzymes ss-glucuronidase, total hexosaminidase, hexosaminidase A, arylsulfatase A and ss-galactosidase. The enzyme activities were not affected by the different materials used for collection (plastic syringes or vacuum glass tubes). In the evaluation of different heparin concentrations (10% heparin, 5% heparin, and heparinized syringe) in the syringes, it was observed that higher doses resulted in an increase of at least 1-fold in the activities of ss-galactosidase, total hexosaminidase and hexosaminidase A in leukocytes, and ss-glucuronidase in plasma. When the effects of time and means of transportation were studied, samples that had been kept at room temperature showed higher deterioration with time (72 and 96 h) before processing, and in this case it was impossible to isolate leukocytes from most samples. Comparison of heparin and acid citrate-dextrose (ACD) as anticoagulants revealed that ss-glucuronidase and hexosaminidase activities in plasma reached levels near the lower normal limits when ACD was used. In conclusion, we observed that heparin should be used as the preferable anticoagulant when measuring these lysosomal enzyme activities, and we recommend that, when transport time is more than 24 h, samples should be shipped by air in a styrofoam box containing wet ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burin
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Hammel I, Alroy J, Goyal V, Galli SJ. Ultrastructure of human dermal mast cells in 29 different lysosomal storage diseases. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1993; 64:83-9. [PMID: 8220822 DOI: 10.1007/bf02915099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lysosomal storage diseases on the ultrastructure of human mast cells has not previously been reported. Indeed, there has been little published evidence indicating that mast cells contain typical lysosomes. However, mast cell cytoplasmic granules contain hydrolases similar to those found in lysosomes, but which differ from lysosomal hydrolases in exhibiting optimal activity at higher pH. We therefore examined by transmission electron microscopy the dermal mast cells in 58 biopsies of patients exhibiting 1 of 29 different lysosomal storage diseases. We found mast cells containing abnormal lysosomes in 16 of these disorders. In 6 of these 16 diseases, the mast cells' cytoplasmic granules appeared normal. These observations indicate that human mast cells can contain lysosomes, and provide evidence that the enzymes affected by lysosomal storage diseases are active in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hammel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Metabolic processes in the cell are catalysed by enzymes and enzyme systems present in discrete intracellular compartments consisting of the cytosol and various intracellular organelles. Three well defined groups of genetic diseases in man can now be recognized in which the functions of an intracellular organelle are impaired: lysosomal storage diseases, mitochondrial disorders and peroxisomal diseases. Extensive studies carried out during the last decade on the biogenesis of intracellular organelles have contributed to an understanding of the molecular basis of the lesions leading to these three groups of genetic disorders. The results of the studies have stressed that such lesions can arise not only through mutations in the structural genes for the proteins in an organelle but also through mutations in the genes coding for components required for the specific transport and incorporation of proteins into organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tager
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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