1
|
Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures: Enantioselective Synthesis of both Enantiomers of Mandelic Acid by Transesterification Catalyzed by a Thermophilic Lipase in Ionic Liquids at 120 °C. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biocatalysts in organic chemistry for catalyzing chemo-, regio- and stereoselective transformations has become an usual tool in the last years, both at lab and industrial scale. This is not only because of their exquisite precision, but also due to the inherent increase in the process sustainability. Nevertheless, most of the interesting industrial reactions involve water-insoluble substrates, so the use of (generally not green) organic solvents is generally required. Although lipases are capable of maintaining their catalytic precision working in those solvents, reactions are usually very slow and consequently not very appropriate for industrial purposes. Increasing reaction temperature would accelerate the reaction rate, but this should require the use of lipases from thermophiles, which tend to be more enantioselective at lower temperatures, as they are more rigid than those from mesophiles. Therefore, the ideal scenario would require a thermophilic lipase capable of retaining high enantioselectivity at high temperatures. In this paper, we describe the use of lipase from Geobacillus thermocatenolatus as catalyst in the ethanolysis of racemic 2-(butyryloxy)-2-phenylacetic to furnish both enantiomers of mandelic acid, an useful intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and active products. The catalytic performance at high temperature in a conventional organic solvent (isooctane) and four imidazolium-based ionic liquids was assessed. The best results were obtained using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIMPF6) at temperatures as high as 120 °C, observing in both cases very fast and enantioselective kinetic resolutions, respectively leading exclusively to the (S) or to the (R)-enantiomer of mandelic acid, depending on the anion component of the ionic liquid.
Collapse
|
2
|
Godoy CA, Klett J, Di Geronimo B, Hermoso JA, Guisán JM, Carrasco-López C. Disulfide Engineered Lipase to Enhance the Catalytic Activity: A Structure-Based Approach on BTL2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215245. [PMID: 31652673 PMCID: PMC6862113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement, control, and tuning of hydrolytic activity and specificity of lipases are major goals for the industry. Thermoalkaliphilic lipases from the I.5 family, with their native advantages such as high thermostability and tolerance to alkaline pHs, are a target for biotechnological applications. Although several strategies have been applied to increase lipases activity, the enhancement through protein engineering without compromising other capabilities is still elusive. Lipases from the I.5 family suffer a unique and delicate double lid restructuration to transition from a closed and inactive state to their open and enzymatically active conformation. In order to increase the activity of the wild type Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2) we rationally designed, based on its tridimensional structure, a mutant (ccBTL2) capable of forming a disulfide bond to lock the open state. ccBTL2 was generated replacing A191 and F206 to cysteine residues while both wild type C64 and C295 were mutated to serine. A covalently immobilized ccBTL2 showed a 3.5-fold increment in esterase activity with 0.1% Triton X-100 (2336 IU mg−1) and up to 6.0-fold higher with 0.01% CTAB (778 IU mg−1), both in the presence of oxidizing sulfhydryl agents, when compared to BTL2. The remarkable and industrially desired features of BTL2 such as optimal alkaliphilic pH and high thermal stability were not affected. The designed disulfide bond also conferred reversibility to the enhancement, as the increment on activity observed for ccBTL2 was controlled by redox pretreatments. MD simulations suggested that the most stable conformation for ccBTL2 (with the disulfide bond formed) was, as we predicted, similar to the open and active conformation of this lipase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César A Godoy
- Departamento de Química (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Universidad del Valle, C.P. 76001 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Javier Klett
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Di Geronimo
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan A Hermoso
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano" (IQFR-CSIC), E_28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Guisán
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. Instituto de Catálisis. CSIC. Campus UAM. Cantoblanco. C.P. 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - César Carrasco-López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thirty-degree shift in optimum temperature of a thermophilic lipase by a single-point mutation: effect of serine to threonine mutation on structural flexibility. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:21-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
4
|
ANCUT2, a Thermo-alkaline Cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and Its Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1014-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
5
|
Tang T, Yuan C, Hwang H, Zhao X, Ramkrishna D, Liu D, Varma A. Engineering surface hydrophobicity improves activity of
Bacillus thermocatenulatus
lipase 2 enzyme. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1762-9. [PMID: 26097135 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongli Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyun‐Tae Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Arvind Varma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan D, Lan D, Xin R, Yang B, Wang Y. Screening and characterization of a thermostable lipase from marine Streptomyces sp. strain W007. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:41-50. [PMID: 25639796 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A screening method along with the combination of genome sequence of microorganism, pairwise alignment, and lipase classification was used to search the thermostable lipase. Then, a potential thermostable lipase (named MAS1) from marine Streptomyces sp. strain W007 was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33, and the biochemical properties were characterized. Lipase MAS1 belongs to the subfamily I.7, and it has 38% identity to the well-characterized Bacillus subtilis thermostable lipases in the subfamily I.4. The purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa. The enzyme showed optimal temperature at 40 °C, and retained more than 80% of initial activity after 1 H incubation at 60 °C, suggesting that MAS1 was a thermostable lipase. MAS1 was an alkaline enzyme with optimal pH value at 7.0 and had stable activity for 12 H of incubation at pH 6.0-9.0. It was stable and retained about 90% of initial activity in the presence of Cu(2+) , Ca(2+) , Ni(2+) , and Mg(2+) , whereas 89.05% of the initial activity was retained when ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid was added. MAS1 showed the tolerance to organic solvents, but was inhibited by various surfactants. MAS1 was verified to be a triglyceride lipase and could hydrolyze triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol. The result represents a good example for researchers to discover thermostable lipase for industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Yuan
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Key Lab of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Lan
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Key Lab of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipu Xin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Key Lab of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Key Lab of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Godoy CA, de las Rivas B, Bezbradica D, Bolivar JM, López-Gallego F, Fernandez-Lorente G, Guisan JM. Reactivation of a thermostable lipase by solid phase unfolding/refolding. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Godoy CA, Fernández-Lorente G, de las Rivas B, Filice M, Guisan JM, Palomo JM. Medium engineering on modified Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase to prepare highly active catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Novel thermostable lipase from Bacillus circulans IIIB153: comparison with the mesostable homologue at sequence and structure level. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:193-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Cloning and expression of a lipase gene from Bacillus subtilis FS1403 in Escherichia coli. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Bolivar JM, López-Gallego F, Godoy C, Rodrigues DS, Rodrigues RC, Batalla P, Rocha-Martín J, Mateo C, Giordano RL, Guisán JM. The presence of thiolated compounds allows the immobilization of enzymes on glyoxyl agarose at mild pH values: New strategies of stabilization by multipoint covalent attachment. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Secretory expression and characterization of a highly Ca2+-activated thermostable L2 lipase. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 68:161-6. [PMID: 19679187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable lipases are important biocatalysts, showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. Previously, a thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain L2 that produces a thermostable lipase was isolated. In this study, the gene encoding for mature thermostable L2 lipase was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector. Under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX) promoter, the recombinant L2 lipase was secreted into the culture medium driven by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence. After optimization the maximum recombinant lipase activity achieved in shake flasks was 125 U/ml. The recombinant 44.5 kDa L2 lipase was purified 1.8-fold using affinity chromatography with 63.2% yield and a specific activity of 458.1 U/mg. Its activity was maximal at 70 degrees C and pH 8.0. Lipase activity increased 5-fold in the presence of Ca2+. L2 lipase showed a preference for medium to long chain triacylglycerols (C(10)-C(16)), corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, and palm oil. Stabilization at high temperature and alkaline pH as well as its broad substrate specificity offer great potential for application in various industries that require high temperature operations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bolivar JM, Mateo C, Godoy C, Pessela BC, Rodrigues DS, Giordano RL, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Guisan JM. The co-operative effect of physical and covalent protein adsorption on heterofunctional supports. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Fernandez-Lorente G, Godoy CA, Mendes AA, Lopez-Gallego F, Grazu V, de las Rivas B, Palomo JM, Hermoso J, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Guisan JM. Solid-Phase Chemical Amination of a Lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus To Improve Its Stabilization via Covalent Immobilization on Highly Activated Glyoxyl-Agarose. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2553-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800609g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar A. Godoy
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriano A. Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez-Gallego
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazu
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de las Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Palomo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Hermoso
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Guisan
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km. 235, CP 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, and Departamento de Cristalografia, Instituto de Quimica-Fisica “Rocasolano” (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peña-Montes C, González A, Castro-Ochoa D, Farrés A. Purification and biochemical characterization of a broad substrate specificity thermostable alkaline protease from Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 78:603-12. [PMID: 18224318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans PW1 produces an extracellular carboxylesterase activity that acts on several lipid esters when cultured in liquid media containing olive oil as a carbon source. The enzyme was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. It has an apparent MW and pI of 37 kDa and 4.5, respectively. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed all assayed glycerides, but showed preference toward short- and medium-length chain fatty acid esters. Maximum activity was obtained at pH 8.5 at 40 degrees C. The enzyme retained activity after incubation at pHs ranging from 8 to 11 for 12 h at 37 degrees C and 6 to 8 for 24 h at 37 degrees C. It retained 80% of its activity after incubation at 30 to 70 degrees C for 30 min and lost 50% of its activity after incubation for 15 min at 80 degrees C. Noticeable activation of the enzyme is observed when Fe(2+) ion is present at a concentration of 1 mM. Inhibition of the enzyme is observed in the presence of Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Hg(2+), and Zn(2+) ions. Even though the enzyme showed strong carboxylesterase activity, the deduced N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein corresponded to the protease encoded by prtA gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Montes
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang X, Lin X, Fan T, Bian J, Huang X. Cloning and expression of lipP, a gene encoding a cold-adapted lipase from Moritella sp.2-5-10-1. Curr Microbiol 2007; 56:194-8. [PMID: 17973159 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-007-9051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A gene (lipP, 837 bp in length) coding for a cold-adapted lipase of psychrophilic bacterium Moritella sp. 2-5-10-1 isolated from Antarctic region was cloned and sequenced in this study. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a protein of 278 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 30,521. The primary structure of the lipase deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed consensus pentapeptide containing the active serine [Gly-Trp-Ser-Leu-Gly] and a conserved His-Gly dipeptide in the N-terminal part of the enzyme. These sequences were involved in the lipase active site conformation. Structure factors that would allow proper enzyme flexibility at low temperatures were discussed. It was suggested that the changes in the primary structure of the psychrophilic lipases compared to the thermophilic ones could account for their ability to catalyze lipolysis at temperatures close to 0 degrees C. For expression, the sequence corresponding to the cold-adapted lipase of strain 2-5-10-1 was subcloned into the pET-28a expression vector to construct a recombinant lipase protein. Expression of the lipase by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells was observed as clear halos on 1% (vol/vol) tributyrin upon induction with IPTG at 25 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Yang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi YJ, Miguez CB, Lee BH. Characterization and heterologous gene expression of a novel esterase from Lactobacillus casei CL96. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:3213-21. [PMID: 15184114 PMCID: PMC427766 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.6.3213-3221.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel esterase gene (estI) of Lactobacillus casei CL96 was localized on a 3.3-kb BamHI DNA fragment containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,800 bp. The ORF of estI was isolated by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli, the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens, and the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the control of T7, methanol dehydrogenase (P(mxaF)), and alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoters, respectively. The amino acid sequence of EstI indicated that the esterase is a novel member of the GHSMG family of lipolytic enzymes and that the enzyme contains a lipase-like catalytic triad, consisting of Ser325, Asp516, and His558. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pLysS containing estI expressed a novel 67.5-kDa protein corresponding to EstI in an N-terminal fusion with the S. tag peptide. The recombinant L. casei CL96 EstI protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a one-step affinity chromatography procedure on S-protein agarose. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 7.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Among the pNP (p-nitrophenyl) esters tested, the most selective substrate was pNP-caprylate (C(8)), with K(m) and k(cat) values of 14 +/- 1.08 microM and 1,245 +/- 42.3 S(-1), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young J Choi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tyndall JDA, Sinchaikul S, Fothergill-Gilmore LA, Taylor P, Walkinshaw MD. Crystal structure of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus P1. J Mol Biol 2002; 323:859-69. [PMID: 12417199 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first lipase structure from a thermophilic organism. It shares less than 20% amino acid sequence identity with other lipases for which there are crystal structures, and shows significant insertions compared with the typical alpha/beta hydrolase canonical fold. The structure contains a zinc-binding site which is unique among all lipases with known structures, and which may play a role in enhancing thermal stability. Zinc binding is mediated by two histidine and two aspartic acid residues. These residues are present in comparable positions in the sequences of certain lipases for which there is as yet no crystal structural information, such as those from Staphylococcal species and Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus P1 lipase provides a template for other thermostable lipases, and offers insight into mechanisms used to enhance thermal stability which may be of commercial value in engineering lipases for industrial uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D A Tyndall
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sinchaikul S, Sookkheo B, Phutrakul S, Pan FM, Chen ST. Optimization of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus P1: overexpression, purification, and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 22:388-98. [PMID: 11483000 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An expression library was generated from a partial NcoI and HindIII digest of genomic DNA from the thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus P1. The DNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pQE-60 and transformed into Escherichia coli M15[EP4]. Sequence analysis of a lipase gene showed an open reading frame of 1254 nucleotides coding a 29-amino-acid signal sequence and a mature sequence of 388 amino acids. The expressed lipase was isolated and purified to homogeneity in a single chromatographic step. The molecular mass of the lipase was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The purified lipase had an optimum pH of 8.5 and showed maximal activity at 55 degrees C. It was highly stable in the temperature range of 30-65 degrees C. The highest activity was found with p-nitrophenyl ester-caprate as the synthetic substrate and tricaprylin as the triacylglycerol. Its activity was strongly inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride, indicating that it contains a serine residue which plays a key role in the catalytic mechanism. In addition, it was stable for 1 h at 37 degrees C in 0.1% Chaps and Triton X-100.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sinchaikul
- Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sinchaikul S, Sookkheo B, Phutrakul S, Wu YT, Pan FM, Chen ST. Structural modeling and characterization of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus P1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:868-75. [PMID: 11350065 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The moderate thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus P1 expresses a thermostable lipase that was active and stable at the high temperature. Based on secondary structure predictions and secondary structure-driven multiple sequence alignment with the homologous lipases of known three-dimensional (3-D) structure, we constructed the 3-D structure model of this enzyme and the model reveals the topological organization of the fold, corroborating our predictions. We hypothesized for this enzyme the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold typical of several lipases and identified Ser-113, Asp-317, and His-358 as the putative members of the catalytic triad that are located close to each other at hydrogen bond distances. In addition, the strongly inhibited enzyme by 10 mM PMSF and 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride was indicated that it contains a serine residue which plays a key role in the catalytic mechanism. It was also confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis that mutated Ser-113, Asp-317, and His-358 to Ala and the activity of the mutant enzyme was drastically reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sinchaikul
- Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu AMF, Somers NA, Kazlauskas RJ, Brush TS, Zocher F, Enzelberger MM, Bornscheuer UT, Horsman GP, Mezzetti A, Schmidt-Dannert C, Schmid RD. Mapping the substrate selectivity of new hydrolases using colorimetric screening: lipases from Bacillus thermocatenulatus and Ophiostoma piliferum, esterases from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Jaeger KE, Dijkstra BW, Reetz MT. Bacterial biocatalysts: molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of lipases. Annu Rev Microbiol 1999; 53:315-51. [PMID: 10547694 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.53.1.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 807] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria produce and secrete lipases, which can catalyze both the hydrolysis and the synthesis of long-chain acylglycerols. These reactions usually proceed with high regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, and, therefore, lipases have become very important stereoselective biocatalysts used in organic chemistry. High-level production of these biocatalysts requires the understanding of the mechanisms underlying gene expression, folding, and secretion. Transcription of lipase genes may be regulated by quorum sensing and two-component systems; secretion can proceed either via the Sec-dependent general secretory pathway or via ABC transporters. In addition, some lipases need folding catalysts such as the lipase-specific foldases and disulfide-bond-forming proteins to achieve a secretion-competent conformation. Three-dimensional structures of bacterial lipases were solved to understand the catalytic mechanism of lipase reactions. Structural characteristics include an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, a catalytic triad consisting of a nucleophilic serine located in a highly conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly pentapeptide, and an aspartate or glutamate residue that is hydrogen bonded to a histidine. Four substrate binding pockets were identified for triglycerides: an oxyanion hole and three pockets accommodating the fatty acids bound at position sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3. The differences in size and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of these pockets determine the enantiopreference of a lipase. The understanding of structure-function relationships will enable researchers to tailor new lipases for biotechnological applications. At the same time, directed evolution in combination with appropriate screening systems will be used extensively as a novel approach to develop lipases with high stability and enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Jaeger
- Lehrstuhl Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rúa ML, Schmidt-Dannert C, Wahl S, Sprauer A, Schmid RD. Thermoalkalophilic lipase of Bacillus thermocatenulatus large-scale production, purification and properties: aggregation behaviour and its effect on activity. J Biotechnol 1997; 56:89-102. [PMID: 9304872 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli BL321 was transformed with the expression plasmid pCYTEXP1 carrying the BTL2 gene from Bacillus thermocatenulatus under the control of the strong temperature-inducible lambda pL promoter and was cultivated in a 100 1 bioreactor. The mature lipase was produced in large quantities (54,000 U g-1 wet cells) and further purified to homogeneity by a two-step purification protocol (hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration chromatography). The pure enzyme was characterized and its physicochemical properties compared to those of the BTL2 lipase which had previously been weakly expressed in E. coli under the control of its native promoter on pUC18, yielding 600 U g-1 wet cells. The specific activity of the overexpressed enzyme was approx. 5-fold higher than that of the weakly expressed enzyme. The two proteins showed the same pI and N-terminal sequence and had very similar thermostability, pH stability, optimum pH and temperature activity, and substrate specificity. Both enzymes were extremely stable in the presence of several organic solvents and detergents. With trioleylglycerol as a substrate, the overexpressed lipase cleaves each of the three ester bonds. The purified BTL2 lipase shows a strong tendency to aggregate. Direct evidence for changes in the aggregation state was obtained by gel filtration chromatography. The effect of aggregation on lipase activity was strongly dependent on both substrate and temperature during the assay. Under certain conditions, a direct relationship was found between the molecular mass of the lipase aggregates and the increase in activity upon the addition of 1% (w/v) sodium cholate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Rúa
- Institut für Technische Biochemie, Universität Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|