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Mostböck S, Wu HH, Fenn T, Riegler B, Strahlhofer S, Huang Y, Hansen G, Kroe-Barrett R, Tirapu I, Vogt AB. Distinct immune stimulatory effects of anti-human VISTA antibodies are determined by Fc-receptor interaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862757. [PMID: 35967294 PMCID: PMC9367637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
VISTA (PD-1H) is an immune regulatory molecule considered part of the next wave of immuno-oncology targets. VISTA is an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell surface molecule mainly expressed on myeloid cells, and to some extent on NK cells and T cells. In previous preclinical studies, some VISTA-targeting antibodies provided immune inhibitory signals, while other antibodies triggered immune stimulatory signals. Importantly, for therapeutic antibodies, the isotype backbone can have a strong impact on antibody function. To elucidate the mode of action of immune stimulatory anti-VISTA antibodies, we studied three different anti-human VISTA antibody clones, each on three different IgG isotypes currently used for therapeutic antibodies: unaltered IgG1 (IgG1-WT), IgG1-KO (IgG1-LL234,235AA-variant with reduced Fc-effector function), and IgG4-Pro (IgG4- S228P-variant with stabilized hinge region). Antibody functionality was analysed in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as a model system for ongoing immune reactions, on unstimulated human PBMCs, as a model system for a resting immune system, and also on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples to evaluate anti-VISTA antibody effects on primary tumor material. The functions of three anti-human VISTA antibodies were determined by their IgG isotype backbones. An MLR of healthy donor PBMCs was effectively augmented by anti-VISTA-IgG4-Pro and anti-VISTA-IgG1-WT antibodies, as indicated by increased levels of cytokines, T cell activation markers and T cell proliferation. However, in a culture of unstimulated PBMCs of single healthy donors, only anti-VISTA-IgG1-WT antibodies increased the activation marker HLA-DR on resting myeloid cells, and chemokine levels. Interestingly, interactions with different Fc-receptors were required for these effects, namely CD64 for augmentation of MLR, and CD16 for activation of resting myeloid cells. Furthermore, anti-VISTA-IgG1-KO antibodies had nearly no impact in any model system. Similarly, in AML patient samples, anti-VISTA-antibody on IgG4-Pro backbone, but not on IgG1-KO backbone, increased interactions, as a novel readout of activity, between immune cells and CD34+ AML cancer cells. In conclusion, the immune stimulatory effects of antagonistic anti-VISTA antibodies are defined by the antibody isotype and interaction with different Fc-gamma-receptors, highlighting the importance of understanding these interactions when designing immune stimulatory antibody therapeutics for immuno-oncology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mostböck
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sven Mostböck,
| | - Helen Haixia Wu
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Timothy Fenn
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Bettina Riegler
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strahlhofer
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yining Huang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Gale Hansen
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Iñigo Tirapu
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne B. Vogt
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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Wu HH, Crames M, Wei Y, Liu D, Gueneva-Boucheva K, Son I, Frego L, Han F, Kroe-Barrett R, Nixon A, Michael M. Effect of the ADCC-modulating mutations and the selection of human IgG isotypes on physicochemical properties of Fc. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2411-2421. [PMID: 35760121 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, particularly IgGs and Ig-based molecules, are a well-established and growing class of biotherapeutic drugs. In order to improve efficacy, potency and pharmacokinetics of these therapeutic drugs, pharmaceutical industries have investigated significantly in engineering fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of these drugs to optimize the interactions of these drugs and Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in recent ten years. The biological function of the therapeutics with the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) enhanced double mutation (S239D/I332E) of isotype IgG1, the ADCC reduced double mutation (L234A/L235A) of isotype IgG1, and ADCC reduced isotype IgG4 has been well understood. However, limited information regarding the effect of these mutations or isotype difference on physicochemical properties (PCP), developability, and manufacturability of therapeutics bearing these different Fc regions is available. In this report, we systematically characterize the effects of the mutations and IgG4 isotype on conformation stability, colloidal stability, solubility, and storage stability at accelerated conditions in two buffer systems using six Fc variants. Our results provide a basis for selecting appropriate Fc region during development of IgG or Ig-based therapeutics and predicting effect of the mutations on CMC development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Haixia Wu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Maureen Crames
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yangjie Wei
- Amgen Inc., Drug Product Technologies, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristina Gueneva-Boucheva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ikbae Son
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lee Frego
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Nixon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marlow Michael
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Innovation Unit, Biotherapeutics Discovery, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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Singh S, Kroe-Barrett RR, Canada KA, Zhu X, Sepulveda E, Wu H, He Y, Raymond EL, Ahlberg J, Frego LE, Amodeo LM, Catron KM, Presky DH, Hanke JH. Selective targeting of the IL23 pathway: Generation and characterization of a novel high-affinity humanized anti-IL23A antibody. MAbs 2015; 7:778-91. [PMID: 25905918 PMCID: PMC4622456 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of BI 655066, a novel, highly potent neutralizing anti-interleukin-23 (IL23) monoclonal antibody in clinical development for autoimmune conditions, including psoriasis and Crohn's disease. IL23 is a key driver of the differentiation, maintenance, and activity of a number of immune cell subsets, including T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are believed to mediate the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders. Thus, IL23 neutralization is an attractive therapeutic approach. Designing an antibody for clinical activity and convenience for the patient requires certain properties, such as high affinity, specificity, and solubility. These properties were achieved by directed design of the immunization, lead identification, and humanization procedures. Favorable substance and pharmacokinetic properties were established by biophysical assessments and studies in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- AUC, analytical ultracentrifugation
- BI 655066
- CCG, Chemical Computing Group
- CDRs, complementarity-determining regions
- CH, constant region
- Cκ, constant kappa
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- EOF, electro-osmotic flow
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- F, phenylalanine
- G, glycine
- GAHA, goat anti-human IgG gamma antibody
- HCLF, high concentration liquid formulation
- IL12, Interleukin 12
- IL12RB1, IL12 receptor subunit beta 1
- IL23, Interleukin-23
- IL23R, IL23 receptor
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- RU, resonance units
- SEC, size-exclusion chromatography
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- Th17, T helper 17 cells
- UV, ultraviolet
- V, variable
- VH, variable heavy
- Vκ, variable kappa
- Y, tyrosine
- biophysical assessment
- humanization
- immunogen design
- pharmacokinetic profile
- tyk2, tyrosine kinase 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjaya Singh
- a Department of Biotherapeutics Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. ; Ridgefield , CT , USA
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Šmuc T, Ahn IY, Ulrich H. Nucleic acid aptamers as high affinity ligands in biotechnology and biosensorics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:210-7. [PMID: 23666257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are small nucleic acid molecules capable of binding to a wide range of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. They have been developed and widely used not only as research tools, but also as biosensors, specific antagonists, and diagnostic markers and as protein purification platform for many pharmaceutical and clinical applications. Here, in this paper we will explore biochemical aspects of aptamer-target interactions and show why aptamers rival antibodies in target recognition and purification procedures. This review will focus on strategies of using aptamers as affinity ligands for molecules of therapeutic and pharmaceutical interest including applications in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis for protein and small molecule purification. Moreover, we will also discuss aptamers whose binding parameters can be controlled on demand for diagnostic approaches and used as sensitive receptors in biosensorics. Aptamers have opened up exciting fields in basic and applied research of pharmaceutical and biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šmuc
- Laboratory for Bio-instrumentation, Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and Process Control, Velika pot 22, 5250 Solkan, Slovenia
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Muronetz VI, Korpela T. Isolation of antigens and antibodies by affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 790:53-66. [PMID: 12767320 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-antigen binding constants are commonly strong enough for an effective affinity purification of antibodies (by immobilized antigens) or antigens (by immobilized antibodies) to work out a straightforward purification method. A drawback is that antibodies are large protein molecules and subject to denaturation under conditions required for the elution from the complex. Structures of antigens can vary but usually antigens are also equally subject to similar problems. The lability of the components can sometimes make the procedure sophisticated, but usually in all cases it is possible to find a satisfactory approach. In certain cases, specific interactions of the Fc part of antibodies are more facile to exploit for their purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Muronetz
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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