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de Assis MF, Berti LC. Speech perception: Auditory and visual cue integration in children with and without phonological disorder in voiceless fricatives. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38560916 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2024.2328792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The literature reports contradictory results regarding the influence of visual cues on speech perception tasks in children with phonological disorder (PD). This study aimed to compare the performance of children with (n = 15) and without PD (n = 15) in audiovisual perception task in voiceless fricatives. Assuming that PD could be associated with an inability to integrate phonological information from two sensory sources, we presumed that children with PD would present difficulties in integrating auditory and visual cues compared to typical children. A syllable identification task was conducted. The stimuli were presented according to four conditions: auditory-only (AO); visual-only (VO); audiovisual congruent (AV+); and audiovisual incongruent (AV-). The percentages of correct answers and the respective reaction times in the AO, VO, and AV+ conditions were considered for the analysis. The correct percentage of auditory stimuli was considered for the AV- condition, as well as the percentage of perceptual preference: auditory, visual, and/or illusion (McGurk effect), with the respective reaction time. In comparing the four conditions, children with PD presented a lower number of correct answers and longer reaction time than children with typical development, mainly for the VO. Both groups showed a preference for auditory stimuli for the AV- condition. However, children with PD showed higher percentages for visual perceptual preference and the McGurk effect than typical children. The superiority of typical children over PD children in auditory-visual speech perception depends on type of stimuli and condition of presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ferreira de Assis
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, São Paulo State University, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cristina Berti
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, São Paulo State University, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hitchcock ER, Swartz MT, Cabbage KL. Preliminary Speech Perception Performance Profiles of School-Age Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Speech Sound Disorder, and Typical Development. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37971542 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited research exists assessing speech perception in school-age children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and childhood apraxia of speech (CAS); despite early evidence that speech perception may lead to error-prone motor planning/programming. In this study, we examine speech perception performance in school-age children with and without speech production deficits. METHOD Speech perception was assessed using the Wide Range Acoustic Accuracy Scale to determine the just-noticeable difference in discrimination for three consonant-vowel syllable contrasts (/bɑ/-/wɑ/, /dɑ/-/gɑ/, /ɹɑ/-/wɑ/), each varying along a single acoustic parameter for seven children with CAS with rhotic errors, seven children with SSD with rhotic errors, and seven typically developing (TD) children. RESULTS Findings revealed statistically significant mean differences between perceptual performance of children with CAS when compared to TD children for discrimination of /ɹɑ/-/wɑ/ contrasts. Large effect sizes were also observed for comparisons of /ɹɑ/-/wɑ/ contrasts between children with CAS, SSD, and TD peers. Additionally, large effect sizes were observed for /dɑ/-/gɑ/ contrasts between children with CAS and SSD and TD children despite nonsignificant mean differences in group performance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, mean outcome scores suggest that school-age children with CAS and persistent rhotic errors demonstrated less accurate speech perception skills relative to TD children for the /ɹɑ/-/wɑ/ contrasts. However, the relatively small sample sizes per group limit the extent to which these findings may be generalized to the broader population.
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Spencer C, Vannest J, Preston JL, Maas E, Sizemore ER, McAllister T, Whalen DH, Maloney T, Boyce S. Neural Changes in Children With Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3223-3241. [PMID: 37524116 PMCID: PMC10558148 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) have shown differences in neural function for speech production, as compared to their typical peers; however, information about how these differences may change over time and relative to speech therapy is needed. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional activation and connectivity on adaptations of the syllable repetition task (SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds) in children with RSSD before and after a speech therapy program. METHOD Sixteen children with RSSD completed an fMRI experiment before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) a speech therapy program with ultrasound visual feedback for /ɹ/ misarticulation. Progress in therapy was measured via perceptual ratings of productions of untreated /ɹ/ word probes. To control for practice effects and developmental change in patterns of activation and connectivity, 17 children with typical speech development (TD) completed the fMRI at Time 1 and Time 2. Functional activation was analyzed using a region-of-interest approach and functional connectivity was analyzed using a seed-to-voxel approach. RESULTS Children with RSSD showed a range of responses to therapy. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not observe any statistically significant cross-sectional differences or longitudinal changes in functional activation. A negative relationship between therapy effect size and functional activation in the left visual association cortex was on the SRT-Late Sounds after therapy, but it did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Significant longitudinal changes in functional connectivity were observed for the RSSD group on SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds, as well as for the TD group on the SRT-Early Sounds. RSSD and TD groups showed connectivity differences near the left insula on the SRT-Late Sounds at Time 2. CONCLUSION RSSD and treatment with ultrasound visual feedback may thus be associated with neural differences in speech motor and visual association processes recruited for speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spencer
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan L. Preston
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Edwin Maas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin Redle Sizemore
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Mt. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tara McAllister
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, NY
| | - D. H. Whalen
- Program in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New York, NY
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Suzanne Boyce
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
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Combiths P, Escobedo A, Barlow JA, Pruitt-Lord S. Complexity and cross-linguistic transfer in intervention for Spanish–English bilingual children with speech sound disorder. JOURNAL OF MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL SPEECH 2023; 4:234-270. [PMID: 37035425 PMCID: PMC10081515 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
With bilingual children, intervention for speech sound disorders must consider both of the child’s phonological systems, which are known to interact with each other in development. Further, cross-linguistic generalization following intervention for bilingual children with speech sound disorders (i.e. the impact of treatment in one language on the other) has been documented to varying degrees in some prior studies. However, none to date have documented the cross-linguistic impact of treatment with complex targets (e.g. consonant clusters) for bilingual children. Because complex phonological targets have been shown to induce system-wide generalization within a single language, the potential for bilingual children to generalize learning across languages could impact the efficiency of intervention in this population. This pilot intervention study examines the system-wide, cross-linguistic effects of treatment targeting consonant clusters in Spanish for two Spanish–English bilingual children with phonological disorder. Treatment was provided with 40-minute sessions in Spanish via teletherapy, three times per week for six weeks. Comprehensive phonological probes were administered in English and Spanish prior to intervention and across multiple baselines. Pre-intervention data were compared to data from probes administered during and after intervention to generate qualitative and quantitative measures of treatment outcomes and cross-linguistic generalization. Results indicate a medium effect size for system-wide generalization in Spanish (the language of treatment) and English (not targeted in treatment), for both participants (mean effect size in Spanish: 3.6; English 4.3). These findings have implications for across-language transfer and system-wide generalization in treatment for bilingual children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Combiths
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Philip Combiths, , Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alicia Escobedo
- Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jessica A. Barlow
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Sonja Pruitt-Lord
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
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Fabiano-Smith L, Privette C, An L. Phonological Measures for Bilingual Spanish-English-Speaking Preschoolers: The Language Combination Effect. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:3942-3968. [PMID: 34546768 PMCID: PMC9132055 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of traditional measures of phonological ability developed for monolingual English-speaking children with their bilingual peers in both English and Spanish. We predicted that a composite measure, derived from a combination of English and Spanish phonological measures, would result in higher diagnostic accuracy than examining the individual phonological measures of bilingual children separately by language. Method Sixty-six children, ages 3;3-6;3 (years;months), participated in this study: 29 typically developing bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children (x = 5;3), five bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children with speech sound disorders (x = 4;6), 26 typically developing monolingual English-speaking children (x = 4;8), and six monolingual English-speaking children with speech sound disorders (x = 4;9). Children were recorded producing single words using the Assessments of English and Spanish Phonology, and productions were phonetically transcribed and analyzed using the Logical International Phonetics Program. Overall consonants correct-revised; accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing sounds; and percent occurrence of phonological error patterns in both English and Spanish were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves and support vector machine models were applied to observe diagnostic accuracy, separately and combined, for each speaker group and each language. Results Findings indicated the combination of measures improved diagnostic accuracy within both the English and Spanish of bilingual children and significantly increased accuracy when measures from both languages of bilingual children were combined. Combining measures for the productions of monolingual English-speaking children did not increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion To prevent misdiagnosis of speech sound disorders in bilingual preschoolers, the composite phonological abilities of bilingual children need to be assessed across both gross and discrete measures of phonological ability. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16632604.
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Luna AC, Silva LAF, Barrozo TF, Leite RA, Wertzner HF, Matas CG. Neuronal plasticity of the auditory pathway in children with speech sound disorder: a study of Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials. Codas 2021; 33:e20200145. [PMID: 34431860 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the results of Long-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (LLAEP) in children with Speech Sounds Disorder (SSD) after speech therapy. METHODS Longitudinal and prospective clinical study at 14 children with SSD, with ages ranging from five to seven years, of both genders. Were applied Picture Naming task and Imitation task, and from these tasks it was calculated the Percentage of Consonants Correct index. For an analysis of the LLAEP with speech stimulus and recorded the latency and amplitude values of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components. Each child was evaluated in two different moments: initial evaluation and after 12 sessions of speech therapy. RESULTS It was observed that after twelve sessions of speech therapy the value of Percentage of Consonants Correct index increased, and a greater number of components were observed in the LLAEP records of children with SSD, as well as a statistically significant increase in the amplitude of the P3 component, demonstrating that anatomical and physiological changes occurred in the central auditory nervous system after intervention, resulting in improved of the LLAEP results. CONCLUSION After speech therapy, improvement in the children's phonology was observed, and there was an increase in the number of components present in the LLAEP, as well as an increase in the amplitude of the P3 component, demonstrating that plasticity occurred in the auditory pathway during these three months of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cristina Luna
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Liliane Aparecida Fagundes Silva
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Tatiane Faria Barrozo
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Renata Aparecida Leite
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Haydée Fiszbein Wertzner
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Carla Gentile Matas
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
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Walters C, Sevcik RA, Romski M. Spoken Vocabulary Outcomes of Toddlers With Developmental Delay After Parent-Implemented Augmented Language Intervention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1023-1037. [PMID: 33789437 PMCID: PMC8702839 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Early intervention using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) supports both receptive and expressive language skills. However, many parents and clinicians still worry that augmented language intervention might delay or impair speech development. This study aimed to (a) characterize and analyze the speech sound development of toddlers with developmental delay who participated in a parent-implemented language intervention; (b) examine the accuracy of speech sounds among toddlers who participated in an augmented language intervention using speech-generating devices and toddlers who participated in a traditional, spoken language intervention; and (c) examine the relationship between baseline factors (i.e., receptive and expressive language skills, vocal imitation, and number of unintelligible utterances) and the number of spoken target vocabulary words after intervention. Method This study used extant data from two randomized control trials of parent-implemented language interventions using AAC or spoken language. Out of 109 children who completed the intervention, 45 children produced spoken target vocabulary words at the end of the intervention. We identified and phonetically transcribed spoken target vocabulary words for each child and then classified them based on Shriberg and Kwiatkowski's (1982) developmental sound classes. Results Children's speech sound accuracy was not significantly different across intervention groups. Overall, children who produced more words had more speech sound errors and higher baseline language scores. Intervention group and baseline receptive and expressive language skills significantly predicted the number of spoken target vocabulary words produced at the end of intervention. Conclusions Participation in AAC intervention resulted in significantly more spoken target vocabulary words and no statistically significant differences in speech sound errors when compared to children who received spoken language intervention without AAC. Results support using AAC interventions for very young children without the fear that it will delay speech or spoken language development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14265365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casy Walters
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Rose A Sevcik
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - MaryAnn Romski
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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Nadelman P, Bedran N, Magno MB, Masterson D, de Castro ACR, Maia LC. Premature loss of primary anterior teeth and its consequences to primary dental arch and speech pattern: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:687-712. [PMID: 32243000 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about the functional and morphological consequences that occur following the premature loss of anterior teeth is still insufficient. AIM To evaluate the consequences in children's speech and arch integrity following premature loss of primary anterior teeth compared to those without premature losses. DESIGN Electronic searches were performed based on the PECO criteria. Observational studies in children (P) who suffered premature loss or extraction of primary anterior teeth (E) compared to children presenting normal occlusion development (C) and the consequences to speech and dental arch perimeter (O) were included. Risk of bias and data extraction were performed. The meta-analysis evaluated the influence of premature loss of primary anterior teeth in articulatory speech disorders (distortion, omission, and substitution) and space loss in the dental arches. Random- and fixed-effect models were used, and heterogeneity was tested. The certainty of evidence was estimated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS From a total of 2.234 studies, six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and four in speech disorders meta-analysis. Despite it was not possible to perform space loss meta-analysis due to the absence of available data, qualitative analysis showed that there was no space loss after premature loss of mandibular primary incisors; a space loss, however, could be observed in children who lost primary canines at an early stage of dental development. For speech disorders results, children who lost anterior tooth presented higher chance of suffering speech distortion, than children without tooth loss (OR 5.466 [1.689, 17.692] P = .005) with low certainty of evidence. On the other hand, there were no statistically differences between premature loss of primary anterior teeth and omission (OR (a) 1.157 [0.439, 3.049] P = .767 and (OR (b) 1.393 [0.434, 4.70] P = .577) or substitution (OR (a) 1.071 [0.581, 1.974] P = .827 and OR (b) 1.218 [0.686, 2.163] P = .5), both with very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Premature loss of primary anterior teeth may affect children phonation causing speech distortion. Consequences of space loss to primary dental arch still need to be further studied. Despite the speech distortion results, included articles present low-level evidence-based quality, thus new studies should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Nadelman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Bedran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cunha Regal de Castro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sylvestre A, Desmarais C, Meyer F, Bairati I, Leblond J. Prediction of the outcome of children who had a language delay at age 2 when they are aged 4: Still a challenge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 20:731-744. [PMID: 28766373 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2017.1355411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the role that variables related to children and their environment play in the prediction of outcomes at 4 years of age for children with a language delay at 2 years. METHOD A longitudinal study was undertaken where 64 children (45 boys, 19 girls; mean age = 53.3 months; SD = 4.4) with language delay at age 2 years were re-evaluated at age 4 years. Three developmental trajectories were analysed. RESULT The early stages of grammar, as estimated by mean length of utterance at 3.5 years, are an important prognosis factor of subsequent language impairment (LI). Children who are exposed to several risk factors simultaneously are more likely to have a language delay (LD) or a LI, but the profile of LD children is more akin to that of the typically developing (TD) children. Children with LI tend to have profiles with a greater number of risk factors. CONCLUSION The results of this study encourage different intervention approaches depending on the child's language profile at 2 years, due to differing language prognosis. The results also point to the need to assess the child's environment. Future studies with large diverse population samples may give more precise information on potential risk factors and their cumulative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audette Sylvestre
- a Département de Réadaptation, Programme de Maîtrise en Orthophonie , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
- b Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Chantal Desmarais
- a Département de Réadaptation, Programme de Maîtrise en Orthophonie , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
- b Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - François Meyer
- c Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
- d Centre de Recherche L'Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- e Département de chirurgie , Université Laval , Québec , Canada , and
- f Direction de Santé Publique de la Capitale-Nationale , Québec , Canada
| | - Jean Leblond
- b Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Université Laval , Québec , Canada
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Hashimoto PT, Pagan-Neves LDO, Jesus LMTD, Wertzner HF. Aerodynamic, eletroglottographic and acoustic measures of the voiced postalveolar fricative. Codas 2018; 30:e20170177. [PMID: 29972470 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20182017177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe and correlate phonological and complementary measures regarding aerodynamics, electroglottography, acoustics, and perceptual judgment of production of the voiced fricative sound /ʒ/ comparing the performance of Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children with and without speech sound disorders. METHODS Study participants were 30 children aged 5 years to 7 years and 11 months divided into a group of children with typical development - Control Group (CG) and a group of children with speech sound disorders - Research Group (RG). Phonology (PCC, PCC-R, and occurrence of phonological processes) and the aerodynamic (amplitude of the oral airflow and f0), eletroglottographic (open quotient) and acoustic (classification of voicing) measures were evaluated. RESULTS Numerically, children with speech sound disorders presented higher relative oral airflow amplitude, lower relative f0, and open quotient indicative of less efficient voicing production compared with those of children with typical development. The weak voicing values showed that 66.1% of the children with speech sound disorders presented weaker voicing of the fricative sound /ʒ/ compared with that of the posterior vowel sound, and between-groups comparison demonstrated that these children presented greater difficulty in voicing. The acoustic analysis of speech used to classify the weak/strong voicing showed variations, especially regarding the classification partially devoiced. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the strategies for voicing production and voicing maintenance of the fricative sound /ʒ/ are still variable in children aged 5 years to 7 years and 11 months; however, children with speech sound disorders seem to have more difficulties in using them effectively. In addition, the study shows the importance of applying complementary tests to obtain a more detailed diagnosis.
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Costa LSD, Silva PBD, Azevedo MFD, Gil D. Porcentagem de consoantes corretas (PCC) em crianças com deficiência auditiva: estudo longitudinal. REVISTA CEFAC 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201618511016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: obter e comparar o índice de porcentagem de consoantes corretas em crianças deficientes auditivas, usuárias de Implante Coclear e/ou Prótese Auditiva num intervalo de doze meses. Além disso, buscou-se verificar a influência da frequência em terapia, da época da identificação da deficiência auditiva e do tempo de uso do dispositivo auditivo no índice de PCC. Métodos: participaram desta pesquisa 19 crianças deficientes auditivas, usuárias de Prótese Auditiva e/ou Implante Coclear e que estavam em terapia fonoaudiológica. O índice de porcentagem de consoantes corretas foi calculado por meio de três provas: nomeação, imitação e fala espontânea utilizando as tarefas da prova de fonologia do ABFW - Teste de Linguagem Infantil. Os procedimentos foram aplicados, reaplicados e comparados, num intervalo de 12 meses, caracterizando um estudo longitudinal. Resultados: em relação à comparação do índice de porcentagem de consoantes corretas, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as aplicações em todas as provas. Observou-se associação do ganho médio de porcentagem de consoantes corretas apenas com a frequência em terapia. Conclusão: a partir da obtenção e comparação em duas oportunidades do índice PCC em crianças deficientes auditivas, observou-se melhora em todas as tarefas após 12 meses de intervenção fonoaudiológica com a aborgadem aurioral. A melhora do desenvolvimento da linguagem oral destas crianças foi influenciada diretamente pela assiduidade em terapia. A época da identificação da deficiência auditiva e a tempo de uso do dispositivo não influenciaram os índices de PCC.
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D'haeseleer E, De Ley S, Cosyns M, Desomer E, De Mesel J, Van Maele G, Van Lierde K. Speech Characteristics in Female Students Training to Be Speech-Language Pathologists. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2017; 68:167-174. [DOI: 10.1159/000452332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Francisco DT, Wertzner HF. Differences between the production of [s] and [ʃ] in the speech of adults, typically developing children, and children with speech sound disorders: An ultrasound study. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2017; 31:375-390. [PMID: 28085504 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2016.1269204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the criteria that are used in ultrasound to measure the differences between the tongue contours that produce [s] and [ʃ] sounds in the speech of adults, typically developing children (TDC), and children with speech sound disorder (SSD) with the phonological process of palatal fronting. Overlapping images of the tongue contours that resulted from 35 subjects producing the [s] and [ʃ] sounds were analysed to select 11 spokes on the radial grid that were spread over the tongue contour. The difference was calculated between the mean contour of the [s] and [ʃ] sounds for each spoke. A cluster analysis produced groups with some consistency in the pattern of articulation across subjects and differentiated adults and TDC to some extent and children with SSD with a high level of success. Children with SSD were less likely to show differentiation of the tongue contours between the articulation of [s] and [ʃ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Tavares Francisco
- a Department of Physiotherapy , Communication Science & Disorders, Occupational Therapy of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Haydée Fiszbein Wertzner
- a Department of Physiotherapy , Communication Science & Disorders, Occupational Therapy of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Geers AE, Nicholas J, Tobey E, Davidson L. Persistent Language Delay Versus Late Language Emergence in Children With Early Cochlear Implantation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2016; 59:155-70. [PMID: 26501740 PMCID: PMC4867929 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-h-14-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present investigation is to differentiate children using cochlear implants (CIs) who did or did not achieve age-appropriate language scores by midelementary grades and to identify risk factors for persistent language delay following early cochlear implantation. MATERIALS AND METHOD Children receiving unilateral CIs at young ages (12-38 months) were tested longitudinally and classified with normal language emergence (n = 19), late language emergence (n = 22), or persistent language delay (n = 19) on the basis of their test scores at 4.5 and 10.5 years of age. Relative effects of demographic, audiological, linguistic, and academic characteristics on language emergence were determined. RESULTS Age at CI was associated with normal language emergence but did not differentiate late emergence from persistent delay. Children with persistent delay were more likely to use left-ear implants and older speech processor technology. They experienced higher aided thresholds and lower speech perception scores. Persistent delay was foreshadowed by low morphosyntactic and phonological diversity in preschool. Logistic regression analysis predicted normal language emergence with 84% accuracy and persistent language delay with 74% accuracy. CONCLUSION CI characteristics had a strong effect on persistent versus resolving language delay, suggesting that right-ear (or bilateral) devices, technology upgrades, and improved audibility may positively influence long-term language outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Geers
- Callier Center for Advanced Hearing Research and the Southwestern Medical Center, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | | | - Emily Tobey
- Callier Center for Advanced Hearing Research and the Southwestern Medical Center, The University of Texas at Dallas
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Melo RM, Backes FT, Mota HB. Percepções de pais/responsáveis de crianças com desvio fonológico acerca do desvio fonológico e da terapia fonoaudiológica. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201517621314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivo: investigar a percepção de pais/responsáveis de crianças com desvio fonológico em relação ao próprio desvio e terapia fonoaudiológica aplicada. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 23 pais/responsáveis de crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, atendidas em um ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia. Para a análise das entrevistas coletadas utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: em síntese, merecem atenção: (a) a aceitabilidade ao atendimento fonoaudiológico, inclusive, em muitos sendo de própria iniciativa dos pais/responsáveis a procura pela fonoterapia; (b) esses referem perceber a dificuldade linguística de seus filhos, bem como, as evoluções na sua fala; (c) enumeram, com maior ocorrência, os problemas escolares e o bullying como dificuldades relacionadas ao desvio fonológicoe, também, como sua preocupação decorrente do mesmo; (d) sugerem mais frequentemente a busca pelo atendimento fonoaudiológico a outros pais; (e) dizem contribuir no ambiente familiar para com a terapia fonoaudiológica e; (f) mesmo não tão frequente, alguns mencionam ter dúvida quanto ao tempo de terapia. Conclusão: desse modo, os pais/responsáveis expuseram suas concepções acerca de sua experiência relacionada à dificuldade de fala e à terapia fonoaudiológica. Acredita-se em uma contribuição para a reflexão dos procedimentos terapêuticos adotados na fonoterapia, bem como, para o amadurecimento da relação terapeuta-paciente e terapeuta-pais. Por esse motivo, incentiva-se a inclusão e aproximação dos cuidadores na terapia, com o intuito de ampliar a adesão e contribuição desses para a superação da dificuldade de fala.
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Barberena L, Keske-Soares M, Cervi T, Brandão M. Treatment model in children with speech disorders and its therapeutic efficiency. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 18:283-8. [PMID: 25992107 PMCID: PMC4392887 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Speech articulation disorders affect the intelligibility of speech. Studies on therapeutic models show the effectiveness of the communication treatment. Objective To analyze the progress achieved by treatment with the ABAB—Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model in children with different degrees of phonological disorders. Methods The diagnosis of speech articulation disorder was determined by speech and hearing evaluation and complementary tests. The subjects of this research were eight children, with the average age of 5:5. The children were distributed into four groups according to the degrees of the phonological disorders, based on the percentage of correct consonants, as follows: severe, moderate to severe, mild to moderate, and mild. The phonological treatment applied was the ABAB—Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model. The development of the therapy by generalization was observed through the comparison between the two analyses: contrastive and distinctive features at the moment of evaluation and reevaluation. Results The following types of generalization were found: to the items not used in the treatment (other words), to another position in the word, within a sound class, to other classes of sounds, and to another syllable structure. Conclusion The different types of generalization studied showed the expansion of production and proper use of therapy-trained targets in other contexts or untrained environments. Therefore, the analysis of the generalizations proved to be an important criterion to measure the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Barberena
- Speech Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Keske-Soares
- Speech Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Cervi
- Speech Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Brandão
- Speech Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Giacchini V, Mota HB. Comparação entre a classificação com base em traços e o percentual de consoantes corretas no desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201517s10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar se existe diferença entre as classificações de gravidade do desvio fonológico obtido por meio do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado e a classificação qualitativa baseada em traços. MÉTODOS: avaliaram-se dados de fala pré-terapia de 38 sujeitos cujos sistemas fonológicos foram classificados segundo a avaliação quantitativa Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado (Leve, Levemente-moderado, Moderadamente-grave, Grave) e avaliação qualitativa baseada em traços (Leve, Moderado, Moderado-Severo, Severo). Os dados foram analisados por tabelas de frequência e por meio do teste estatístico qui-quadrado (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: na avaliação geral verificou-se uma baixa concordância entre os resultados obtidos com a avaliação qualitativa e a quantitativa dos desvios fonológicos, apenas 34,79% de concordância nas avaliações. Na análise por graus de gravidade, observou-se que os graus extremos (Leve e Severo) obtiveram praticamente a mesma classificação com ambas as propostas, ao contrário do observado nos graus intermediários. CONCLUSÃO: com base nos resultados ressalta-se a importância de avaliações conjuntas, que aliem medidas quantitativas com qualitativas, principalmente para a diferenciação e caracterização dos graus intermediários de gravidade do desvio fonológico.
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Giacchini V, Mota HB, Mezzomo CL. Variáveis relevantes no processo terapêutico para a aquisição do onset complexo na fala de crianças com desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462012005000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: apresentar variáveis relevantes no processo terapêutico de aquisição do onset complexo (OC) em crianças que realizam a simplificação dessa estrutura. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo quatro crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico (DF), com idades entre 5:4 a 7:7, que utilizavam a estratégia de alongamento compensatório (EAC), possuíam [(] e [l] no seu inventário fonético e realizavam a simplificação do OC. As crianças foram submetidas a diferentes modelos terapêuticos e, a partir dos dados obtidos nas sondagens, realizaram-se análises das variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas relevantes durante o processo terapêutico. A análise dos dados de fala foram realizadas por meio do programa estatístico VARBRUL. RESULTADOS: a variável gravidade do desvio foi a que o programa selecionou como relevante para a produção correta do OC, para sua simplificação e para a distorção da líquida da estrutura. Ele apontou que quando o sujeito é submetido à terapia articulatória (TA), há maior probabilidade de ocorrência de produção correta de CCV, realização de distorção e metátese. O fonema /d/ se mostrou favorecedor da estratégia de metátese. A substituição da líquida foi influenciada pela variável sujeito e pelo tipo de líquida formadora do OC. CONCLUSÃO: quanto às variáveis, a gravidade do DF mostra-se importante tanto para o sucesso da terapia (produção correta de CCV), como para o uso de estratégias de reparo. Observou-se que aplicar tipos de terapia distintos faz com que as crianças respondam de forma diferenciada a cada um deles, com melhor desempenho na TA.
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Backes FT, Pegoraro SP, Costa VP, Mota HB. Caracterização das estratégias de reparo incomuns utilizadas por um grupo de crianças com desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462013005000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: caracterizar e analisar o uso das estratégias de reparo incomuns por crianças com desvio fonológico e relacionar a sua utilização com as variáveis faixa etária e sexo; e com as variáveis linguísticas grau do desvio, estrutura silábica, classe de sons e posição na palavra. MÉTODOS: os dados são provenientes do banco de dados do Centro de Estudos de Linguagem e Fala da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, todos os sujeitos apresentam Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido autorizando o uso dos dados em pesquisas. Foram selecionados os dados de 178 sujeitos que apresentaram diagnóstico de desvio fonológico e idade entre 4:0-7:11. Foram analisados os resultados da primeira avaliação fonológica da criança. RESULTADOS: houve significância estatística na relação entre a utilização ou não de estratégias de reparo incomuns na amostra estudada, predominando a não utilização. Foi significante a relação entre a utilização de tais estratégias e a faixa etária, com predomínio na faixa de 5:0-5:11, e o grau do desvio, com maior ocorrência no desvio moderadamente-grave. A relação entre as classes de sons também foi significante, predominando a classe das fricativas. Observou-se ocorrência de estratégias de reparo incomuns apenas na posição de onset, sendo a estrutura consoante vogal a única encontrada no estudo. CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se que as estratégias de reparo incomuns são pouco utilizadas por crianças com desvio fonológico. Além disso, encontrou-se relação significante entre a utilização de estratégias de reparo incomuns e as variáveis faixa etária, grau do desvio fonológico e classes de sons.
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Barberena LDS, Mota HB, Keske-Soares M. As mudanças fonológicas obtidas pelo tratamento com o modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462013005000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: analisar as mudanças fonológicas obtidas (sistema fonológico, inventário fonético e alterações de traços distintivos) pré e pós-tratamento utilizando o Modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. MÉTODOS: foram realizadas avaliações fonoaudiológicas em oito crianças com diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico, cuja média de idade no início do tratamento era de 5:5. Todos receberam tratamento fonológico pelo Modelo "ABAB-Retirada" e Provas Múltiplas. Foram analisadas as evoluções quanto ao inventário fonético, sistema fonológico e alterações nos traços distintivos. RESULTADOS: todas as gravidades apresentaram evoluções no sistema fonológico. CONCLUSÕES: os desvios fonológicos graves apresentaram maiores evoluções.
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Murphy CFB, Pagan-Neves LO, Wertzner HF, Schochat E. Children with speech sound disorder: comparing a non-linguistic auditory approach with a phonological intervention approach to improve phonological skills. Front Psychol 2015; 6:64. [PMID: 25698997 PMCID: PMC4316717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of a non-linguistic auditory intervention approach with a phonological intervention approach on the phonological skills of children with speech sound disorder (SSD). A total of 17 children, aged 7–12 years, with SSD were randomly allocated to either the non-linguistic auditory temporal intervention group (n = 10, average age 7.7 ± 1.2) or phonological intervention group (n = 7, average age 8.6 ± 1.2). The intervention outcomes included auditory-sensory measures (auditory temporal processing skills) and cognitive measures (attention, short-term memory, speech production, and phonological awareness skills). The auditory approach focused on non-linguistic auditory training (e.g., backward masking and frequency discrimination), whereas the phonological approach focused on speech sound training (e.g., phonological organization and awareness). Both interventions consisted of 12 45-min sessions delivered twice per week, for a total of 9 h. Intra-group analysis demonstrated that the auditory intervention group showed significant gains in both auditory and cognitive measures, whereas no significant gain was observed in the phonological intervention group. No significant improvement on phonological skills was observed in any of the groups. Inter-group analysis demonstrated significant differences between the improvement following training for both groups, with a more pronounced gain for the non-linguistic auditory temporal intervention in one of the visual attention measures and both auditory measures. Therefore, both analyses suggest that although the non-linguistic auditory intervention approach appeared to be the most effective intervention approach, it was not sufficient to promote the enhancement of phonological skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina F B Murphy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, Center for Teaching and Research, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana O Pagan-Neves
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, Center for Teaching and Research, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haydée F Wertzner
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, Center for Teaching and Research, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Schochat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, Center for Teaching and Research, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Gubiani MB, Carli CMD, Keske-Soares M. Desvio fonológico e alterações práxicas orofaciais e do sistema estomatognático. REVISTA CEFAC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201517513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar, bem como relacionar entre si, o desempenho de crianças com Desvio Fonológico e com Desenvolvimento Fonológico Típico na avaliação do Sistema Estomatognático e em testes de habilidades práxicas orofaciais avaliando suas habilidades práxicas orofaciais. MÉTODOS: amostra constituiu-se de 50 sujeitos, com idades entre quatro e oito anos, com Desvio Fonológico e com Desenvolvimento Fonológico Típico. Avaliou-se a fonologia por meio do instrumento Avaliação Fonológica da Criança e a gravidade do desvio por meio do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas. Posteriormente, aplicou-se a Avaliação do sistema estomatongático e o The Orofacial Praxis Test, para avaliar as habilidades práxicas orofaciais. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a tratamento estatístico, considerando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: com relação ao sistema estomatongático, observou-se diferença estatística entre os grupos apenas nas tarefas de assobio, contração e vibração de lábios e de língua, apresentando desempenho inferior as crianças com Desvio Fonológico. O mesmo foi observado quanto à postura de língua na sucção. As médias obtidas nas tarefas de habilidades práxicas orofaciais realizadas após Imitação foram melhores que após Solicitação Verbal, para todas as idades. Ainda, as crianças com menor idade apresentaram mais alterações que as crianças maiores, da mesma forma que as crianças com Desvio Fonológico apresentaram mais dificuldades que aquelas sem alterações de fala. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças com Desvio Fonológico apresentaram mais alterações do sistema estomatognático e das habilidades práxicas orofaciais que aquelas com Desenvolvimento Fonológico Típico, havendo melhora no desempenho com o avanço da idade e encontrando-se estas alterações relacionadas com as alterações de fala.
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From Å, Sundström S, Samuelsson C. Differences in phonologic and prosodic abilities in children with phonological language impairment and phonological-grammatical language impairment assessed with non-word repetition. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2014; 41:66-76. [PMID: 25436899 DOI: 10.3109/14015439.2014.982171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prosody can be described as the rhythmic, dynamic, and melodic aspects of language. Swedish has a relatively complex prosodic system compared to, for example, English. A large percentage of Swedish children with language impairment show prosodic problems to some extent. In the present study, non-word repetition was used to assess the phonological and prosodic abilities in children with phonological language impairment and children with phonological-grammatical language impairment. In the study, 10 children with phonological language impairment and 14 children with phonological-grammatical language impairment from 4;3 to 6;2 years of age participated. All children heard the same recorded non-words and words. The group with phonological language impairment received higher scores in all variables, compared to the group with phonological-grammatical language impairment. The results showed significant differences between the groups regarding production of vowels correct in words and production of phonemes correct in non-words as well as production of unstressed syllables in non-words and production of correct stress in non-words. Percent correctly produced vowels in words, but not in non-words, correlated significantly with grammatical ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa From
- a Department of ENT/Logopedmottagningen , Blekingesjukhuset, Karlshamn , Sweden
| | - Simon Sundström
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine/Division of Speech Language Pathology , Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Christina Samuelsson
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine/Division of Speech Language Pathology , Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Schneider GB, Dias RF, Mezzomo CL. Análise dos traços distintivos e dos sistemas fonético e fonológico nas diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-021620149413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Silva DDD, Nóro LA, Wiethan FM, Berticelli A, Mota HB. Omissão de segmentos em crianças com desvio fonológico de acordo com a faixa etária e a gravidade do desvio. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-021620145013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO:verificar quais fones sofrem omissão na posição de onset simples no sistema fonológico geral, de crianças com desvio fonológico, de acordo com a faixa etária e a gravidade do desvio fonológico.MÉTODOS:participaram deste estudo 60 sujeitos com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico e com idades entre 4 anos e 8 anos e 11 meses, que realizavam a omissão de qualquer fone do Português Brasileiro nas posições de onset inicial e/ou medial, com emprego de 40% ou mais da estratégia de reparo em seu sistema fonológico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste binomial de comparação de 2 proporções, com p<0,05.RESULTADOS:houve predomínio de omissão das consoantes líquidas. Em relação à gravidade do desvio, tanto no desvio fonológico leve quanto no levemente moderado ocorreu somente omissão de líquidas, no moderadamente grave, líquidas e fricativas foram omitidas e no desvio grave ocorreram omissões de todas as consoantes do Português Brasileiro. Já de acordo com a faixa etária, houve maior número de omissões nas idades de 4 anos a 4 anos e 11 meses e de 5 anos a 5 anos e 11 meses.CONCLUSÃO: a omissão de fones na posição de onset simples foi predominante para a classe das líquidas e nos desvios mais graves. Além disso, houve uma tendência de que as crianças mais jovens apresentem maior número de omissões.
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Reed VA. Associations between Phonology and Other Language Components in Children's Communicative Performance: Clinical Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/asl2.1992.20.issue-2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Savoldi A, Bruno LB, Mezzomo CL, Brasil BDC, Mota HB. Avaliação de aspectos pragmáticos em crianças com desvios fonológicos. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462013005000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo investigar as habilidades pragmáticas em crianças com desvio fonológico. Método por meio de triagem fonoaudiológica foram selecionadas 12 crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, com idades entre 3:7 e 7:8, sendo três do sexo feminino e nove do sexo masculino. Foi realizada análise dos aspectos pragmáticos destas crianças, utilizando-se o instrumento ABFW – pragmática. Além disso, as crianças foram classificadas de acordo com a gravidade do desvio fonológico por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa – Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado e outra qualitativa. Resultados não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre gravidade do desvio fonológico e desempenho pragmático. Os sujeitos com desvio fonológico apresentaram número de atos comunicativos por minuto inferior aos parâmetros oferecidos pelo teste, de acordo com cada faixa etária. Conclusão a partir dos resultados obtidos não foi possível afirmar que existe uma relação significante entre a gravidade do desvio fonológico e o desempenho pragmático, no entanto, estes sujeitos apresentam desempenho inferior aos parâmetros do teste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helena Bolli Mota
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria;; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
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Wertzner HF, Santos PID, Pagan-Neves LDO. Ocorrência de erros fonológicos de acordo com a gravidade em crianças com transtorno fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216201420812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo descrever e quantificar os erros de fala de crianças com transtorno fonológico de acordo com seu desempenho no índice porcentagem de consoantes corretas-revisado e process density index, além de determinar se as crianças com diferentes graus de gravidade diferem quanto ao erro articulatório predominante na fala. Métodos foram analisadas as amostras de fala de 21 crianças com transtorno fonológico de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 5;2 e 7;11 anos. A partir de duas provas de fonologia (nomeação de figuras e imitação de palavras) foram calculados os índices absolutos de substituição, omissão e distorção, a porcentagem de consoantes corretas-revisado e o process density index Resultados houve diferenças quanto ao tipo de erro predominante na fala indicando que a substituição foi o tipo de erro mais ocorrente. Para as crianças com maior gravidade a substituição foi o tipo de erro de fala predominante e, para aquelas com grau menor gravidade, observou-se ocorrência semelhante dos diferentes tipos de erros. Na análise da amostra total as correlações apontaram que quanto maior a ocorrência de substituição menor o número de distorção Conclusão de forma geral, a substituição foi o tipo de erro mais ocorrente. As crianças menos graves apresentaram equivalência entre os tipos de erros e as mais graves, maior ocorrência de substituições. Os índices absolutos foram efetivos e eficientes para indicar o tipo de erro mais frequente em função da gravidade do transtorno.
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Dias RF, Melo RM, Mezzomo CL, Mota HB. The interaction between awareness of one's own speech disorder with linguistics variables: distinctive features and severity of phonological disorder. Codas 2014; 25:429-36. [PMID: 24408546 DOI: 10.1590/s2317-17822013000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the possible relationship among the awareness of one's own speech disorder and some aspects of the phonological system, as the number and the type of changed distinctive features, as well as the interaction among the severity of the disorder and the non-specification of distinctive features. METHODS The analyzed group has 23 children with diagnosis of speech disorder, aged 5:0 to 7:7. The speech data were analyzed through the Distinctive Features Analysis and classified by the Percentage of Correct Consonants. One also applied the Awareness of one's own speech disorder test. The children were separated in two groups: with awareness of their own speech disorder established (more than 50% of correct identification) and without awareness of their own speech disorder established (less than 50% of correct identification). Finally, the variables of this research were submitted to analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The type of changed distinctive features weren't different between the groups, as well as the total of changed features and the severity disorder. However, a correlation between the severity disorder and the non-specification of distinctive features was verified, because the more severe disorders have more changes in these linguistic variables. CONCLUSION The awareness of one's own speech disorder doesn't seem to be directly influenced by the type and by the number of changed distinctive features, neither by the speech disorder severity. Moreover, one verifies that the greater phonological disorder severity, the greater the number of changed distinctive features.
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Clark CE, Conture EG, Walden TA, Lambert WE. Speech sound articulation abilities of preschool-age children who stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2013; 38:325-41. [PMID: 24331241 PMCID: PMC3868004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the association between speech sound articulation and childhood stuttering in a relatively large sample of preschool-age children who do and do not stutter, using the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 (GFTA-2; Goldman & Fristoe, 2000). METHOD Participants included 277 preschool-age children who do (CWS; n=128, 101 males) and do not stutter (CWNS; n=149, 76 males). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed to assess between-group (CWS versus CWNS) differences on the GFTA-2. Additionally, within-group correlations were performed to explore the relation between CWS' speech sound articulation abilities and their stuttering frequency and severity, as well as their sound prolongation index (SPI; Schwartz & Conture, 1988). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the articulation scores of preschool-age CWS and CWNS. However, there was a small gender effect for the 5-year-old age group, with girls generally exhibiting better articulation scores than boys. Additional findings indicated no relation between CWS' speech sound articulation abilities and their stuttering frequency, severity, or SPI. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest no apparent association between speech sound articulation-as measured by one standardized assessment (GFTA-2)-and childhood stuttering for this sample of preschool-age children (N=277). EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) discuss salient issues in the articulation literature relative to children who stutter; (2) compare/contrast the present study's methodologies and main findings to those of previous studies that investigated the association between childhood stuttering and speech sound articulation; (3) identify future research needs relative to the association between childhood stuttering and speech sound development; (4) replicate the present study's methodology to expand this body of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chagit E Clark
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 8310 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8242, United States.
| | - Edward G Conture
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 8310 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8242, United States.
| | - Tedra A Walden
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203-5721, United States.
| | - Warren E Lambert
- Statistics and Methodology Core at Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, 203 One Magnolia Circle, Nashville, TN 37203-5721, United States.
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Ceron MI, Pagliarin KC, Keske-Soares M. Advances in the treatment of children with phonological disorders. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 17:189-95. [PMID: 25992012 PMCID: PMC4423316 DOI: 10.7162/s1809-97772013000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment of phonological disorders considering extra-linguistic and linguistic variables are important to ensure that the alteration is resolved promptly and in the best manner as possible. Aim: To analyze therapeutic advances (phonetic inventory, phonological system, and distinctive features) in children with phonological disorders by considering the therapeutic approach used, the severity of the phonological disorder, age, and the number of therapeutic sessions. Methods: We conducted a case series study of 94 children aged 3 years, 9 months through 8 years, 5 months. The children were divided into groups based on the therapeutic approach used (Modified Cycles, Maximal Oppositions, ABAB-Withdrawal, and Multiple Probes), the severity of their phonological disorder, age, and the number of therapy sessions with each individual. Phonetic inventory, the phonological system, and the number of altered distinctive features were analyzed. Results: The greater the number of therapy sessions, the greater the number of sounds acquired. The number of sounds present in the phonetic inventory and phonological system increased and the severity of the phonological disorder decreased with all of the therapeutic approaches studied. There was also a reduction in the incidence of altered distinctive features. Conclusion: There was a favorable evolution in phonetic inventory and phonological system acquisitions as well as a reduction in the number of altered distinctive features for all 3 therapeutic models regardless of the severity of the phonological disorder, age, or number of sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizete Ilha Ceron
- Speech-Language Pathologist; Doctoral Student of Human Communication Disorders at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria / RS, Brazil; Master in Human Communication Disorders at UFSM
| | - Karina Carlesso Pagliarin
- Speech-Language Pathologist ; Doctoral Student of Psychology with an emphasis on Human Cognition at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre / RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Keske-Soares
- Speech-Language Pathologist; Doctor of Applied Linguistics at PUCRS. Professor associated with the Speech-Language Course and the Postgraduate Program in Human Communication Disorders at UFSM
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Kent RD, Vorperian HK. Speech impairment in Down syndrome: a review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2013; 56:178-210. [PMID: 23275397 PMCID: PMC3584188 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0148)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review summarizes research on disorders of speech production in Down syndrome (DS) for the purposes of informing clinical services and guiding future research. METHOD Review of the literature was based on searches using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and HighWire Press, as well as consideration of reference lists in retrieved documents (including online sources). Search terms emphasized functions related to voice, articulation, phonology, prosody, fluency, and intelligibility. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions pertain to four major areas of review: voice, speech sounds, fluency and prosody, and intelligibility. The first major area is voice. Although a number of studies have reported on vocal abnormalities in DS, major questions remain about the nature and frequency of the phonatory disorder. Results of perceptual and acoustic studies have been mixed, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions or even to identify sensitive measures for future study. The second major area is speech sounds. Articulatory and phonological studies show that speech patterns in DS are a combination of delayed development and errors not seen in typical development. Delayed (i.e., developmental) and disordered (i.e., nondevelopmental) patterns are evident by the age of about 3 years, although DS-related abnormalities possibly appear earlier, even in infant babbling. The third major area is fluency and prosody. Stuttering and/or cluttering occur in DS at rates of 10%-45%, compared with about 1% in the general population. Research also points to significant disturbances in prosody. The fourth major area is intelligibility. Studies consistently show marked limitations in this area, but only recently has the research gone beyond simple rating scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray D Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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Ceron MI, Keske-Soares M. Mudanças fonológicas obtidas no tratamento pelo modelo de oposições múltiplas. REVISTA CEFAC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462012005000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: analisar as mudanças fonológicas decorrentes da aplicação do Modelo de Oposições Múltiplas no que se refere ao Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado (PCC-R), no número de fonemas adquiridos no inventário fonológico e nos tipos de generalização. MÉTODO: o grupo pesquisado foi constituído por cinco sujeitos com desvio fonológico. Foram realizadas avaliações fonoaudiológicas e complementares. Os dados da fala foram coletados e analisados por meio da avaliação fonológica pré e pós-tratamento. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à terapia pelo Modelo de Oposições Múltiplas. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante no que tange ao PCC-R, ao número de fonemas adquiridos, à generalização a itens lexicais não utilizados no tratamento, para outra posição da palavra e para outras classes de sons. Não houve diferença estatística para a generalização dentro de uma classe de sons, porém, observou-se um aumento do percentual no pós-tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: o Modelo de Oposições Múltiplas foi efetivo para o tratamento desses sujeitos falantes do Português Brasileiro, pois proporcionou mudanças no PCC-R, no número de fonemas adquiridos e algumas generalizações (a itens lexicais não utilizados no tratamento, para outra posição na palavra, dentro de uma classe de sons, para outras classes de sons).
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Brancalioni AR, Magnago KF, Keske-Soares M. Proposal for classifying the severity of speech disorder using a fuzzy model in accordance with the implicational model of feature complexity. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2012; 26:774-790. [PMID: 22876768 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2012.701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to create a new proposal for classifying the severity of speech disorders using a fuzzy model in accordance with a linguistic model that represents the speech acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese. The fuzzy linguistic model was run in the MATLAB software fuzzy toolbox from a set of fuzzy rules, and it encompassed three input variables: path routing, level of complexity and phoneme acquisition. The output was the Speech Disorder Severity Index, and it used the following fuzzy subsets: severe, moderate severe, mild moderate and mild. The proposal was used for 204 children with speech disorders who were monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The fuzzy linguistic model provided the Speech Disorder Severity Index for all of the evaluated phonological systems in a fast and practical manner. It was then possible to classify the systems according to the severity of the speech disorder as severe, moderate severe, mild moderate and mild; the speech disorders could also be differentiated according to the severity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Brancalioni
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Disorders, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Albiero JK, Melo RM, Wiethan FM, Mota HB. Média dos valores da frase em diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico evolutivo. REVISTA CEFAC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462012005000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar se há influência da gravidade do desvio fonológico evolutivo quanto à semântica e morfossintaxe. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 14 crianças com desvio fonológico, de idades entre quatro e sete anos. Foi realizada a Avaliação Fonológica da Criança e o desvio foi classificado a partir do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas- Revisado, baseado no Percentual de Consoantes Corretas, o qual divide a gravidade do desvio fonológico em leve, leve-moderado, moderado-grave e grave. Verificou-se, quanto à gravidade, que quatro sujeitos apresentavam desvio leve, quatro leve-moderado, três moderado-grave e três grave. Em seguida, as crianças foram submetidas à avaliação da semântica e da morfossintaxe, por meio da pesquisa da Média dos Valores da Frase, em que foram coletadas frases de três diferentes modalidades de linguagem: descrever uma figura, contar uma história e responder a perguntas. As cinco primeiras frases faladas pelas crianças foram pontuadas de acordo com a sua complexidade. Posteriormente, foi realizada análise estatística por meio da técnica não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, sendo considerado significante valor de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os diferentes graus de gravidade do DF nas três modalidades de linguagem avaliadas, no que se refere à morfossintaxe, à semântica, ao total da construção e ao total da extensão. CONCLUSÃO: a gravidade do desvio fonológico não influencia o desempenho das crianças no que se refere ao desenvolvimento da semântica e da morfossintaxe, visto que não houve significância estatística entre os resultados. Desse modo, pode-se sugerir que outros estudos sejam realizados a fim de confirmarem ou não tais resultados.
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Berticelli A, Mota HB. Ocorrência das estratégias de reparo para os fonemas plosivos, considerando o grau do desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462012005000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar a ocorrência ou não de estratégias de reparo para os fonemas /b/, /d/, /k/ e /g/ e a relação destas estratégias com a gravidade do desvio fonológico. MÉTODO: selecionados 54 sujeitos com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico que apresentavam estratégias de reparo para as consoantes plosivas /b/, /d/, /k/ e /g/ nas posições de onset inicial e/ou medial, com emprego de 40% em seu sistema fonológico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do programa Statistical Analysis System, versão 8.02, utilizando-se o Teste Exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado para os testes estatísticos foi de 5% (p< 0.05). RESULTADOS: verifica-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para o /b/ com maior frequência de dessonorização nas crianças com desvio moderadamente-grave e desvio grave, e de posteriorização, sendo utilizadas duas ou mais estratégias pelas crianças com desvio grave. Diferença estatisticamente significativa para o /d/ com maior frequência de posteriorização nos sujeitos com desvio leve, de dessonorização e duas ou mais estratégias naqueles com desvio moderadamente-grave e a dessonorização por aqueles com desvio grave. CONCLUSÃO: quanto mais complexos em termos de aquisição e produção são os fonemas plosivos, mais estratégias de reparo são utilizadas. E ainda, quanto maior o grau do desvio fonológico, maior é a quantidade de vezes que este recurso é usado, demonstrando que a criança possui um menor conhecimento fonológico.
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Costa VP, Backes FT, Pegoraro SP, Wiethan FM, Melo RM, Mota HB. Occurrence of the repair strategy of stopping: relationship with phonological disorder severity and affected phonemes. JORNAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FONOAUDIOLOGIA 2012; 24:76-9. [PMID: 22460376 DOI: 10.1590/s2179-64912012000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the occurrence of the repair strategy of stopping in the different severities of phonological disorder, and to verify the phonemes most affected by this strategy. METHODS Participants were 33 children, 14 female and 19 male, aged between 4 and 8 years. All children used the repair strategy of stopping for at least one phoneme or allophone, with percentage equal to or greater than 40%. Data were selected from the first speech assessment, before starting intervention, and phonological disorder severity was determined by the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised. The number of children who used the repair strategy of stopping was accounted, analyzing the phonological disorder severity and the phonemes most affected by this strategy. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The use of the repair strategy of stopping was more observed for the degrees moderate-severe and severe, with 42.86% of occurrence in each one. No difference was found in the comparison between the types of phonemes and allophones affected in the sample: /s/, /ƒ/, /f/ and /z/, /[see text]/, /v/, [tƒ]/ and [d[see text]]/, /[see text]/, and /n/. CONCLUSION The stopping repair strategy is more frequent in the most severe degrees of phonological disorder. This strategy is used similarly by children with phonological disorders, with regards to the affected phonemes.
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Zanichelli L, Gil D. [Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) in children with and without hearing loss]. JORNAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FONOAUDIOLOGIA 2012; 23:107-13. [PMID: 21829924 DOI: 10.1590/s2179-64912011000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) index of children with and without hearing loss, and to verify whether the time using hearing aids, the time in therapy, and the time spent until hearing loss was diagnosed influence the performance of deaf children. METHODS Participants were 30 children, 15 with hearing impairment and 15 with normal hearing, paired by gender and age. The PCC index was calculated in three different tasks: picture naming, imitation and spontaneous speech. The phonology tasks of the ABFW - Teste de Linguagem Infantil were used in the evaluation. RESULTS Differences were found between groups in all tasks, and normally hearing children had better results. PCC indexes presented by children with hearing loss characterized a moderately severe phonological disorder. Children enrolled in therapy for a longer period had better PCC indexes, and the longer they had been using hearing aids, the better their performances on the imitation task. CONCLUSION Children with hearing loss have lower PCC indexes when compared to normally hearing children. The average performance and imitation are influenced by time in therapy and time using hearing aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zanichelli
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP – São Paulo (SP), Brasil.
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Bagetti T, Ceron MI, Mota HB, Keske-Soares M. Phonological changes after the application of therapy approach based on distinctive features in the treatment of phonological disorder. JORNAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FONOAUDIOLOGIA 2012; 24:282-287. [PMID: 23128178 DOI: 10.1590/s2179-64912012000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the phonological changes due to the application of a speech therapy approach based on distinctive features, using two types of target sounds (the ones which emphasize the contrast, and others which reinforce the distinctive features) in the treatment of phonological disorder. The sample was constituted by seven children with phonological disorder (four boys and three girls), with ages between 3 years and 10 months and 6 years and 9 months. The children were classified according to the severity of the phonological disorder and then underwent treatment based on the Modified Maximal Oppositions Model. Two subjects were grouped for each degree; one subject was treated by "contrast" and the other one by "reinforcement" of the distinctive features in which they showed difficulties. The moderate-severe degree was the only one to include only one subject. After 20 therapy sessions, the phonological changes before and after the treatment were analyzed, considering the type of stimulus presented ("contrast" or "reinforcement"). All subjects, either treated by "contrast" or "reinforcement", showed an increase in their Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC), in the number of acquired sounds and of generalizations in their phonological inventories. It was verified that both groups presented changes in their phonological inventories. On the comparative analysis between the groups, it was observed that both groups, treated by "contrast" and by "reinforcement", demonstrated differences regarding the types of generalizations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bagetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras - Estudos da Linguagem, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Brancalioni AR, Bertagnolli APC, Bonini JB, Gubiani MB, Keske-Soares M. The relation between auditory discrimination and phonological disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:157-61. [DOI: 10.1590/s2179-64912012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the most frequent errors of children with phonological disorders in an auditory discrimination test, and to correlate their performance with age, gender and severity of phonological disorder. METHODS: The sample consisted of 82 children with phonological disorders, of both gender, with ages between 4 years and 7 years and 11 months. All subjects were submitted to the Phonological Assessment of Child (Avaliação Fonológica da Criança) in order to establish the severity of phonological disorder, and to the auditory discrimination test. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: It was found that 38% of the subjects had poor results on the test, and the most frequent errors were: posteriorization, devoicing of stops, and semivocalization of liquid consonants. Moreover, it was observed that auditory discrimination difficulties were less frequent in older subjects, and more severe according to the severity of the phonological disorder. CONCLUSION: Great part of the children with phonological disorders has difficulties in auditory discrimination. However, these difficulties were less frequent in older subjects and more severe according to the severity of the disorder. Male subjects seem to have more difficulty in discriminating speech sounds.
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Mezzomo CL, Giacchini V, Dias RF, Luiz SW, Lopes SG. Aquisição da coda simples e complexa com /S/ em crianças com desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462011005000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: descrever a produção das codas finais simples e complexa com /S/ em crianças com desvio fonológico e verificar a influência de variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas na aquisição das mesmas. MÉTODO: foram utilizados dados de fala de 66 crianças com desvio fonológico, 33 meninos e 33 meninas, entre 3:0 e 9:0. As amostras de fala foram coletadas transversalmente, com base no instrumento Avaliação Fonológica da Criança. Foram analisadas apenas as palavras alvo contendo coda simples lexical (ex.: talvez), coda simples morfológica (ex.: casas), coda complexa composta por nasal e fricativa (ex.: parabéns) e coda complexa com glide e fricativa (ex.: dois), totalizando um corpus de 481 palavras. Para ambos os tipos de coda foram consideradas como variáveis dependentes a produção correta do /S/, a omissão da coda ou sua substituição. Como variáveis intervenientes consideraram-se os fatores extralinguísticos idade, sexo e grau do desvio e as variáveis linguísticas classe gramatical, tonicidade, número de sílabas, contexto precedente e tipo de coda. Os dados de fala foram analisados estatisticamente através do VARBRUL, com grau de significância de 5%. RESULTADO: o programa estatístico selecionou como significante para a produção correta das codas simples e complexas as variáveis classe gramatical, tipo de coda e a gravidade do desvio em ordem decrescente de relevância estatística, com valor de p < 0,001. CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se que as variáveis gravidade do desvio, tipo de coda e classe gramatical influenciam de forma significante a produção das codas finais simples e complexas com o arquifonema /S/, em crianças com desvio fonológico.
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Carlino FC, Prette AD, Abramides DVM. Avaliação do grau de inteligibilidade de fala de crianças com desvio fonológico: implicações nas habilidades sociais. REVISTA CEFAC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462011005000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: analisar a relação entre o grau de inteligibilidade de fala e as habilidades sociais de comunicação em crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico. MÉTODO:participaram deste estudo 10 crianças, diagnosticadas com desvio fonológico, com idade cronológica média de 7,28 anos, sendo três do gênero feminino e sete do masculino, que realizavam terapia de linguagem duas vezes por semana em uma clínica escola de uma cidade de médio porte do estado de São Paulo. As crianças foram submetidas à avaliação da fonologia por meio do instrumento ABFW, sendo que a gravidade do desvio fonológico foi baseada no cálculo do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas (PCC). E em seguida foram filmadas em situações estruturas de interação de maneira tal a obter uma amostra de fala espontânea, para caracterizar o grau de inteligibilidade de fala (GIF), além de observar presença ou ausência dos componentes das habilidades sociais de comunicação (HSC). Para analisar a relação entre GIF e HSC foi utilizado o coeficiente de Spearman. RESULTADOS:foi possível caracterizar as classes de HSC que encontram-se deficitárias em crianças diagnosticas com desvio fonológico, além de verificar uma relação significante e positiva entre o GIF e o HSC, mostrando que quanto maior o GIF maior a dificuldades nas HSC. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo verificou a relação entre GIF e HSC, além de identificar as classes de HSC que encontram-se deficitárias em crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, favorecendo a elaboração de instrumentos para avaliação e intervenção, permitindo assim, um melhor planejamento para cada caso.
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Brancalioni AR, Magnago KF, Keske-Soares M. Validação de um modelo linguístico fuzzy para classificar a gravidade do desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462011005000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar se os critérios adotados no Modelo Linguístico Fuzzy, para classificar a gravidade do Desvio Fonológico (DF), são empregados na prática fonoaudiológica e se estão de acordo com a finalidade do Modelo. Além disso, analisar a concordância entre a gravidade do DF classificada pelo Modelo e a julgada por fonoaudiólogas, bem como, verificar as principais dificuldades. MÉTODO: a pesquisa foi constituída por duas amostras. A primeira composta por um número representativo de sistemas fonológicos desviantes (n=52) classificados pelo Modelo quando o mesmo foi proposto. A segunda por dois grupos de fonoaudiólogas GF-I e GF-II. Foi solicitado que as fonoaudiólogas julgassem a gravidade dos sistemas fonológicos desviantes, mapeados no Modelo Implicacional de Complexidade de Traços - MICT, em Grave, Moderado-Grave, Moderado-Leve e Leve. Em seguida os critérios e as principais dificuldades foram descritas em um questionário. Empregou-se a Estatística Kappa, com nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: os critérios utilizados na proposta, em geral, foram utilizados pelo GF-I e julgados adequados pelo GF-II. Verificou-se concordância entre a classificação da gravidade obtida pelo Modelo com a julgada pelas fonoaudiólogas. Quanto às dificuldades, a frequentemente relatada foi diferenciar graus intermediários. CONCLUSÕES: os critérios utilizados no Modelo Linguístico Fuzzy são empregados para classificar a gravidade do DF quando realizada com base no MICT. Além disso, os critérios empregados estão de acordo, cumprindo com a finalidade do Modelo. Diante das dificuldades, outras formas de classificar a gravidade podem ser agregadas a fim de caracterizar o DF sobre outros aspectos importantes.
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Wiethan FM, Melo RM, Mota HB. Consoantes líquidas: ocorrência de estratégias de reparo em diferentes faixas etárias e gravidades do desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462010005000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: investigar a relação dos tipos de estratégias de reparo utilizadas nas consoantes líquidas do Português Brasileiro de acordo com a faixa etária e a gravidade do desvio fonológico. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 120 crianças, sendo 41 do sexo feminino e 79 do masculino, com idades entre quatro e oito anos e onze meses. Todas as crianças empregavam pelo menos uma das estratégias envolvendo alguma das consoantes líquidas (/l/, /<img src="/img/revistas/rcefac/2010nahead/a44-10car01.jpg" align="absmiddle" />/, /r/, /R/) - substituição, semivocalização e/ou omissão - com emprego de 40% ou mais da estratégia no sistema fonológico. Os dados foram extraídos das avaliações fonológicas de crianças que não haviam recebido terapia fonológica, e a gravidade do desvio fonológico foi determinada por meio do Cálculo do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas - Revisado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do Teste Exato de Fisher, com p<0.05. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença no emprego das estratégias de reparo utilizadas para a classe das líquidas conforme a faixa etária. Porém, foram observadas diferenças estatísticas na comparação entre a gravidade do desvio e estratégias de reparo das líquidas em relação a alguns dos segmentos e estratégias estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: conclui-se que a variável extralinguística, faixa etária, não está diretamente relacionada com a utilização de estratégias de reparo para as consoantes líquidas no desvio fonológico. No entanto, atenta-se para a influência da gravidade do desvio fonológico sobre o uso destas estratégias, que varia conforme o segmento-alvo.
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Ceron MI, Keske-Soares M, Freitas GPD, Gubiani MB. Mudanças fonológicas obtidas no tratamento de sujeitos comparando diferentes modelos de terapia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 22:549-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-56872010000400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TEMA: há muitas opções de tratamento para o desvio fonológico os quais buscam melhorar a comunicação das crianças. OBJETIVO: este estudo visa analisar o Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado, o número de fonemas adquiridos no sistema fonológico e os tipos de generalizações obtidas no tratamento, comparando diferentes modelos de terapia em sujeitos com diferentes gravidades do desvio fonológico. MÉTODO: a amostra constou de 21 crianças, com idade média de 5:7 anos. Foram realizadas as avaliações fonoaudiológicas e exames complementares. Após a realização destas avaliações, as crianças foram classificadas em grupos de acordo com o modelo de terapia e gravidade do desvio fonológico. O Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado, o número de fonemas adquiridos e os tipos de generalizações foram analisados e comparados em cada modelo e entre os modelos terapêuticos, por meio das avaliações inicial e final. RESULTADOS: ao comparar os itens em cada modelo observaram-se evoluções nos três modelos pesquisados. Na comparação entre modelos, os maiores aumentos de percentuais encontram-se nos Modelos ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas e Oposições Máximas, apesar de a análise estatística mostrar que não há diferença significativa entre eles. CONCLUSÃO: os três modelos aplicados foram eficazes no tratamento destas crianças com desvio fonológico, pois proporcionaram um aumento no Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado, no número de fonemas adquiridos e nos tipos de generalizações pesquisados.
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Moeller MP, McCleary E, Putman C, Tyler-Krings A, Hoover B, Stelmachowicz P. Longitudinal development of phonology and morphology in children with late-identified mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear 2010; 31:625-35. [PMID: 20548239 PMCID: PMC2932864 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0b013e3181df5cc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of language development in children with mild-moderate hearing loss are relatively rare. Longitudinal studies of children with late-identified hearing loss are relevant for determining how a period of unaided mild-moderate hearing loss impacts development. In recent years, newborn hearing screening programs have effectively reduced the ages of identification for most children with permanent hearing loss. However, some children continue to be identified late, and research is needed to guide management decisions. Furthermore, studies of this group may help to discern whether language normalizes after intervention and/or whether certain aspects of language might be vulnerable to persistent delays. The current study examines the impact of late identification and reduced audibility on speech and language outcomes via a longitudinal study of four children with mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. DESIGN Longitudinal outcomes of four children with late-identified mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were studied using standardized measures and language sampling procedures from at or near the point of identification (28 to 41 mos) through 84 mos of age. The children with hearing loss were compared with 10 age-matched children with normal hearing on a majority of the measures through 60 mos of age. Spontaneous language samples were collected from mother-child interaction sessions recorded at consistent intervals in a laboratory-based play setting. Transcripts were analyzed using computer-based procedures (Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts) and the Index of Productive Syntax. Possible influences of audibility were explored by examining the onset and productive use of a set of verb tense markers and by monitoring the children's accuracy in the use of morphological endings. Phonological samples at baseline were transcribed and analyzed using Computerized Profiling. RESULTS At entry to the study, the four children with hearing loss demonstrated language delays with pronounced delays in phonological development. Three of the four children demonstrated rapid progress with development and interventions and performed within the average range on standardized speech and language measures compared with age-matched children by 60 mos of age. However, persistent differences from children with normal hearing were observed in the areas of morphosyntax, speech intelligibility in conversation, and production of fricatives. Children with mild-moderate hearing loss demonstrated later than typical emergence of certain verb tense markers, which may be related to reduced or inconsistent audibility. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that early communication delays will resolve for children with late-identified, mild-moderate hearing loss, given appropriate amplification and intervention services. A positive result is that three of four children demonstrated normalization of broad language behaviors by 60 mos of age, despite significant delays at baseline. However, these children are at risk for persistent delays in phonology at the conversational level and for accuracy in use of morphological markers. The ways in which reduced auditory experiences and audibility may contribute to these delays are explored along with implications for evaluation of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Pat Moeller
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA.
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Checalin MA, Ghisleni MRL, Ferreira-Gonçalves G, Keske-Soares M, Mota HB. Relapse observed in the treatment of phonological disorder. PRO-FONO : REVISTA DE ATUALIZACAO CIENTIFICA 2010; 22:363-366. [PMID: 21103732 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-56872010000300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND relapse in phonological performance. AIM to verify relapse in the phonological performance related to sound production in the treatment of phonological disorder. METHOD three subjects with phonological disorders, aged 6:0, 7:0, 7:0 years, were treated for phoneme /r/ using the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model. After a cycle of treatment, the phonemes that presented relapse in terms of production percentage were compared. RESULTS the results indicate that relapse occurred in the phonological system of all subjects. The involved features were mainly related to the main category. CONCLUSION a relationship between the features of the treated phoneme and the ones that presented relapse was observed for all of the studied cases.
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Pagliarin KC, Brancalioni AR, Keske-Soares M, Souza APRD. Relação entre gravidade do desvio fonológico e fatores familiares. REVISTA CEFAC 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462010005000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: analisar a relação entre os fatores familiares e as diferentes gravidades. MÉTODOS: foram analisadas entrevistas iniciais, realizadas com base em um protocolo padronizado que incluía questões referentes à história gestacional, a antecedentes patológicos familiares e ao relacionamento familiar de 152 crianças com desvio fonológico, com idades entre 4:0 a 8:0 anos. Os fatores familiares investigados foram: gravidez não planejada; dependência (de um dos pais e/ou ambos) de álcool e/ou drogas; distúrbios de fala, linguagem, e/ou audição apresentados por pais e/ou familiares de primeiro grau; distúrbios psicológicos apresentados pelos pais; pais separados; pai ausente e perda de parentes próximos. Em seguida, a gravidade do desvio fonológico foi calculada segundo o Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado e, classificada em quatro grupos: desvio leve (n=49), leve-moderado (n=67), moderado-grave (n=24), grave (n=12). Por fim, os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a tratamento estatístico, utilizando o teste Exato de Fisher, considerando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: verificou-se um predomínio do grupo com grau moderado-grave para os aspectos gravidez não planejada, dependência de álcool e/ou drogas, e presença de distúrbios de fala, linguagem e/ou audição em familiares, pais separados, pais ausentes e perda de parentes. Contudo essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Para o aspecto distúrbios psicológicos, houve predomínio para o grupo de grau leve com diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: os aspectos familiares estudados parecem não ter relação direta com a gravidade do desvio fonológico, com exceção de distúrbios psicológicos. Contudo, a investigação de aspectos familiares em crianças com desvio fonológico não deixa de ser importante para conduzir melhor o tratamento.
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Santos JLFD, Parreira LMMV, Leite RDCD. Habilidades de ordenação e resolução temporal em crianças com desvio fonológico. REVISTA CEFAC 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-18462010005000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar o desempenho de crianças com transtornos fonológicos em testes de ordenação e resolução temporal. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por 12 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 5 e 13 anos, com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à anamnese, meatoscopia, audiometria tonal via aérea e óssea, PCC (porcentagem de consoantes corretas), e o RGDT (teste de detecção de gaps) e o PPS (teste de padrão de sequência). RESULTADOS: em relação ao grau de severidade, verificou-se que 67% apresentaram desvio fonológico médio e 33% médio-moderado. Em relação aos testes RGDT e PPS, os sujeitos apresentaram respostas dentro dos padrões normativos estabelecidos pela literatura, em ambos os testes. Na comparação entre o desempenho no teste PPS e o grau de severidade, observou-se que quanto maior o grau de severidade, pior o desempenho do indivíduo no teste, o mesmo não foi observado em relação ao RGDT. CONCLUSÕES: a amostra estudada apresentou desempenho adequado nos testes de processamento temporal. Entretanto, os resultados evidenciaram que existe uma relação estatisticamente significante entre a severidade do desvio e o desempenho no teste PPS, demonstrando a influência da severidade do desvio no desempenho dos indivíduos, considerando a habilidade de ordenação temporal.
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