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Effects of chemical straighteners on the hair shaft and scalp: a review. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:193-203. [PMID: 35058079 PMCID: PMC9073307 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation. Objective To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners. Methods A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review. Results In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies. Study limitations The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted. Conclusions Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.
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Gerlach N, Mentel M, Köhler T, Tuchscherer B, Garbe B, Ülker J, Tronnier H, Heinrich U, Farwick M. Effect of the multifunctional cosmetic ingredient sphinganine on hair loss in males and females with diffuse hair reduction. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:191-203. [PMID: 27660477 PMCID: PMC5021059 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well known to promote keratinocyte differentiation and to induce ceramide production. In addition, they show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential effect of sphinganine on prolonging the hair anagen rate and improving the overall hair quality and scalp health. The inhibitory potential of sphinganine toward 5-α-reductase was studied using an in vitro assay. The stimulation of the antimicrobial peptide HBD2 by sphinganine was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Sphinganine bioavailability was studied ex vivo using a pig skin model. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sphinganine on hair loss and hair/scalp quality in vivo. In vitro results showed that sphinganine is a potent inhibitor of 5-α-reductase type I that prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a key factor of androgenetic male baldness. In vivo results demonstrated efficacy in reducing non-illness-related hair loss among males. In terms of expert rating, all hair quality and scalp parameters improved after application of sphinganine. Improved scalp health might be linked to the observed increase of the antimicrobial peptide HBD2. Thus, sphinganine is well suited as a topical alternative for the improvement of scalp health and hair quality and anti-hair loss application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gerlach
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | | | - Tim Köhler
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Garbe
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Jasmina Ülker
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Hagen Tronnier
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Ulrike Heinrich
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
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Bouabbache S, Galliano A, Littaye P, Leportier M, Pouradier F, Gillot E, Panhard S, Loussouarn G. What is a Caucasian ‘fine’ hair? Comparing instrumental measurements, self-perceptions and assessments from hair experts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:581-588. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bouabbache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - A. Galliano
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - P. Littaye
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - M. Leportier
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - F. Pouradier
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - E. Gillot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - S. Panhard
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
| | - G. Loussouarn
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation; Centre Charles Zviak; 11-13 rue Dora Maar 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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Lewallen R, Francis S, Fisher B, Richards J, Li J, Dawson T, Swett K, McMichael A. Hair care practices and structural evaluation of scalp and hair shaft parameters in African American and Caucasian women. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015; 14:216-23. [PMID: 26300276 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How African American hair fragility relates to hair care practices and biologic differences between races is not well understood. To assess the differences between perceptions of hair health, hair care practices, and several biologic hair parameters between Caucasian and African American women. A questionnaire on perceptions of hair health and hair care practices was administered. Biological and structural parameters of hair shaft and scalp, including growth, density, diameter, cycle, breakage, and scalp blood flow were also assessed in this case-control study. Significant differences between the Caucasian and African American women were observed in the questionnaire and biologic study data. Regarding self-reported perceptions of hair health, there were differences in the following: hair shaft type (P < 0.001), hair breakage (P = 0.040), and desire to change hair (P = 0.001). Regarding self-reported hair care practices, there were differences in the following: location of haircutting (P = 0.002) and washing (P = 0.010), washing frequency (P < 0.001), chemical relaxer use (P < 0.001), hooded hair dryer use (P < 0.001), and hair shaft conditioner use (P = 0.005). The two groups had similar practices in regard to the use of hair color, frequency of hair color use, chemical curling agents, and handheld blow dryer use. Regarding biological and structural parameters, there were differences in the following: hair growth rate (P < 0.001), density (P = 0.0016), diameter (P = 0.01), number of broken hairs (P < 0.001), and blood flow (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in hair cycle parameters.The differences in hair care practices and hair fiber morphology among African American women may contribute to clinically observed variation in hair fragility and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lewallen
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shani Francis
- Division of Dermatology, Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem and University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Fisher
- Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jim Li
- Procter & Gamble Company, Sharon Woods Innovation Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tom Dawson
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katrina Swett
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences; Division of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy McMichael
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Kalyanaraman L, Sree Ganesh KK, Kumar RM, Pichai R, Vyas K. CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIOACTIVE DERIVATIVE OF CALOPHYLLOLIDE BY 2D NMR AND LC-MS/MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.765463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kalyanaraman
- a Department of Chemistry , Presidency College , Chennai , India
- b Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , India
| | - K. K. Sree Ganesh
- b Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, IPDO, Bachupally , Hyderabad , India
| | - R. Mohan Kumar
- c Interdisciplinary School of Indian System of Medicine (ISISM), SRM University , Chennai , India
| | - R. Pichai
- a Department of Chemistry , Presidency College , Chennai , India
| | - K. Vyas
- c Interdisciplinary School of Indian System of Medicine (ISISM), SRM University , Chennai , India
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Rizwanul Fattah IM, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Wakil MA. Biodiesel production, characterization, engine performance, and emission characteristics of Malaysian Alexandrian laurel oil. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article studies the production and characterization of Malaysian Alexandrian laurel oil and the effect of common blends on engine performance and emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Rizwanul Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Kalam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H. H. Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Wakil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kalyanaraman L, Ganesh KKS, Kumar RM, Pichai R, Narasimhan S, Vyas K. AN NMR AND LC-MS BASED MIXTURE ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DERIVATIVES OF CALOPHYLLOLIDE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.621155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kalyanaraman
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, IPDO , Bachupally , Hyderabad , India
- b Department of Chemistry , Presidency College , Chennai , India
| | - K. K. Sree Ganesh
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, IPDO , Bachupally , Hyderabad , India
| | - R. Mohan Kumar
- c Asthagiri Herbal Research Foundation, Tambaram , Chennai , India
| | - R. Pichai
- b Department of Chemistry , Presidency College , Chennai , India
| | - S. Narasimhan
- c Asthagiri Herbal Research Foundation, Tambaram , Chennai , India
| | - K. Vyas
- a Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, IPDO , Bachupally , Hyderabad , India
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Growth kinetics of biopigment production by Thai isolated Monascus purpureus in a stirred tank bioreactor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:93-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Magnetically recyclable, antimicrobial, and catalytically enhanced polymer-assisted “green” nanosystem-immobilized Aspergillus niger amyloglucosidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1983-92. [PMID: 20490787 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roseborough IE, McMichael AJ. Hair Care Practices in African-American Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee JLS, Gilmore IS, Fletcher IW, Seah MP. Multivariate image analysis strategies for ToF-SIMS images with topography. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal data suggest that combed natural African hair reaches a length steady state. Easier grooming and anticipated long hair have made relaxers popular. OBJECTIVES These hypotheses were tested in a cross-sectional survey of 1042 school children using a piloted questionnaire and hair length measurements done on four scalp regions. RESULTS Participants included 45% boys and 55% girls. Girls consider length important for hairstyle choice (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in mean length at 2 to 5 vs. > 5 years (P = 0.3) and at 1 to < 2 vs. 2 to 5 years (P = 0.99), suggesting that a steady state is reached within 1 year after a hair cut for combed natural hair [mean, 5.1 cm (4.3)]. Relaxed hair reached length steady state > 2 years after a haircut [mean, 10.9 cm (3.6)], was longer than natural hair (P < 0.0001), shorter than expected, and significantly shorter on the occiput than the rest of the scalp (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Persistently short combed natural hair years after a hair cut suggests that breakage eventually equals new growth (i.e., steady state), which is likely to be variable. Relaxed hair, irrespective of last haircut, is also short; chemical damage as a limit to potential lengths needs confirmation. Relatively short occipital relaxed hair could be a clue to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Khumalo
- Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa.
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Vingler P, Gautier B, Dalko M, Rozot R, Gaillard O, Michelet JF, Bernard BA. 6-O glucose linoleate supports in vitro human hair growth and lipid synthesis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007; 29:85-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Joseph PV, Saxena D, Sharma DK. Study of some non-edible vegetable oils of Indian origin for lubricant application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jsl.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hallégot P, Peteranderl R, Lechene C. In-situ imaging mass spectrometry analysis of melanin granules in the human hair shaft. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:381-6. [PMID: 15009719 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2004.22217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The elemental composition of melanin granules and other components of the hair shaft was determined by multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry, a method with unique advantages for the visualization and quantification of stable isotopes and the elemental composition in study of the fine structure of biologic samples. We mapped and quantified the chemical composition of hair cross-sections using secondary ions generated from naturally occurring 16O, 12C14N, 32S, and 34S with a maximum lateral resolution of 35 nm. Based on these elemental maps of unprecedented resolution we obtained simultaneously the chemical fingerprints and the structural features, such as cuticle, melanin granules, the macro fibrils of the cortex, and small sulfur-rich domains in the medulla, in the hair cross-section. We found an intriguing distribution of 16O, 12C14N, and 32S in melanin granules that we interpret as a highly anisotropic pattern of oxidation.
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