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Hassan S, Bahar R, Johan MF, Mohamed Hashim EK, Abdullah WZ, Esa E, Abdul Hamid FS, Zulkafli Z. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Third-Generation Sequencing (TGS) for the Diagnosis of Thalassemia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030373. [PMID: 36766477 PMCID: PMC9914462 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is one of the most heterogeneous diseases, with more than a thousand mutation types recorded worldwide. Molecular diagnosis of thalassemia by conventional PCR-based DNA analysis is time- and resource-consuming owing to the phenotype variability, disease complexity, and molecular diagnostic test limitations. Moreover, genetic counseling must be backed-up by an extensive diagnosis of the thalassemia-causing phenotype and the possible genetic modifiers. Data coming from advanced molecular techniques such as targeted sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing (TGS) are more appropriate and valuable for DNA analysis of thalassemia. While NGS is superior at variant calling to TGS thanks to its lower error rates, the longer reads nature of the TGS permits haplotype-phasing that is superior for variant discovery on the homologous genes and CNV calling. The emergence of many cutting-edge machine learning-based bioinformatics tools has improved the accuracy of variant and CNV calling. Constant improvement of these sequencing and bioinformatics will enable precise thalassemia detections, especially for the CNV and the homologous HBA and HBG genes. In conclusion, laboratory transiting from conventional DNA analysis to NGS or TGS and following the guidelines towards a single assay will contribute to a better diagnostics approach of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahzuwan Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Institute for Medical Research, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Zaidah Abdullah
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ezalia Esa
- Institute for Medical Research, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | | | - Zefarina Zulkafli
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Vijian D, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Ponnuraj KT, Zulkafli Z, Mohd Noor NH. Molecular Detection of Alpha Thalassemia: A Review of Prevalent Techniques. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:257-269. [PMID: 34915685 PMCID: PMC8565582 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the reduction or absence of α globin chain production. Laboratory diagnosis of α-thalassemia requires molecular analysis for the confirmatory diagnosis. A screening test, comprising complete blood count, blood smear and hemoglobin quantification by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, may not possibly detect all the thalassemia diseases. This review focused on the molecular techniques used to detect α-thalassemia, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique were highlighted. Multiplex gap-polymerase chain reaction, single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were used to detect common deletion of α-thalassemia. Furthermore, the reverse dot blot analysis and a single tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction could detect non-deletion mutation of the α-globin gene. Sanger sequencing is widely used to detect non-deletion mutations of α-thalassemia. Recently, next-generation sequencing was introduced in the diagnosis of both deletion and point mutations of α-thalassemia. Despite the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, the routine method employed in the laboratory should be based on the facility, expertise, available equipment, and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divashini Vijian
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Dental Sciences, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health campus, School of Dental Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zefarina Zulkafli
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haslina Mohd Noor
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
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3
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Alimohammadi-Bidhendi S, Azadmehr S, Razipour M, Zeinali S, Eslami M, Davoudi-Dehaghani E. Regulatory Mutation Study in Cases with Unsolved Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia and α-Major Regulatory Element Haplotype Analysis in Iran. Hemoglobin 2021; 45:37-40. [PMID: 33775199 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2021.1882482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Thalassemia (α-thal) is an inherited blood disorder with different clinical manifestations. Although genetic causes of anemia are identified routinely in the majority of α-thal cases, a pathogenic variant in a few cases remains undiagnosed. In this study, some reported regulatory mutations have been investigated in five unsolved α-thal carriers. α-Major regulatory element (α-MRE) haplotype analysis has also been performed in Iran for the first time. Four regions, including the HBA2 core promoter, the highly conserved sequence of hypersensitive-40 (HS-40), a region containing regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) CR062116, and a region containing rs7203560, were screened for changes by Sanger sequencing in a total of five unsolved suspected α-thal carriers. The frequencies of α-MRE haplotypes B and C were also determined in control samples with normal hematological indices. No pathogenic variant was found in the investigated regions. Haplotype frequencies observed for B and C haplotypes fell into the range of frequencies observed in previous studies. The investigated genotypes in the control group were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This study can provide evidence that there is no association between the B haplotype and microcytic hypochromic anemia. The cause of anemia remains a mystery in our unsolved cases, which demonstrates the need for further studies on the causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia in individuals with intact α- and β-globin genes without iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alimohammadi-Bidhendi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Azadmehr
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e Rey, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Laboratory of Dr. Zeinali, Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Departments of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Davoudi-Dehaghani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Lv W, Linpeng S, Li Z, Liang D, Jia Z, Meng D, Cram DS, Zhu H, Teng Y, Yin A, Wu L. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for pregnancies at risk for β-thalassaemia: a retrospective study. BJOG 2020; 128:448-457. [PMID: 32363759 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical feasibility of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for β-thalassaemia using circulating single molecule amplification and re-sequencing technology (cSMART). DESIGN Through carrier screening, 102 pregnant Chinese couples carrying pathogenic HBB gene variants were recruited to the study. Pregnancies were managed using traditional invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD). Retrospectively, we evaluated the archived pregnancy plasma DNA by NIPD to evaluate the performance of our cSMART assay for fetal genotyping. SETTING Chinese prenatal diagnostic centres specialising in thalassaemia testing. POPULATION Chinese carrier couples at high genetic risk for β-thalassaemia. METHODS Fetal cell sampling was performed by amniocentesis and HBB genotypes were determined by reverse dot blot. NIPD was performed by a newly designed HBB cSMART assay and fetal genotypes were called by measuring the allelic ratios in the maternal cell-free DNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concordance of HBB fetal genotyping between IPD and NIPD and the sensitivity and specificity of NIPD. RESULTS Invasive prenatal diagnosis identified 29 affected homozygotes or compound heterozygotes, 54 heterozygotes and 19 normal homozygotes. Compared with IPD results, 99 of 102 fetuses (97%) were correctly genotyped by our NIPD assay. Two of three discordant samples were false positives and the other sample involved an incorrect call of a heterozygote carrier as a homozygote normal. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of our NIPD assay was 100% (95% CI 88.06-100.00%) and 97.26% (95% CI 90.45-99.67%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that our cSMART-based NIPD assay for β-thalassaemia has potential clinical utility as an alternative to IPD for pregnant HBB carrier couples. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A new noninvasive test for pregnancies at risk for β-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lv
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - S Linpeng
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Z Li
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - D Liang
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Z Jia
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - D Meng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - D S Cram
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhu
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Y Teng
- Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - A Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Wu
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Zhuang J, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhuang Q, Jiang Y, Xie Q, Zeng S, Zeng J. Identification of a new β-thalassaemia variant Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C) in two Chinese families. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:593-596. [PMID: 32107282 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS β-Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the β-globin gene cluster. Molecular characterisation of β-thalassaemia is essential for its diagnosis and management. More and more rare and novel mutations have been reported. METHODS Two Chinese families with β-thalassaemia from Fujian Province were recruited in this study. The phenotypes of the probands were confirmed through haematological analysis. Routine molecular analysis of thalassaemia was employed to identify the common mutations of thalassaemia. The rare and novel mutations were detected by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS In family 1, the proband, a Chinese woman aged 31 years, showed elevated level of haemoglobin A2 (HbA2). No common mutations associated with β-thalassaemia were detected, whereas a rare mutation Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C) was identified through DNA sequencing. Subsequent investigation of the β-thalassaemia mutation in her family showed that her mother, her brother as well as her nephew also carried this mutation. In addition, both the proband's husband and her son carrying the rare --THAI mutation exhibited decreased levels of MCH, MCH and HbA2. In family 2, the proband, a child aged 1 year, showed elevated level of HbA2, but had no common mutations of β-thalassaemia. The proband was identified carrying the mutation Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C), which was inherited from his mother. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we first report a rare β-thalassaemia mutation in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Moreover, our study also identified this rare mutation in humans. This finding has helped broaden the spectrum of β-thalassaemia mutations in our region and suggested that this rare mutation may be more prevalent in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal diagnosis center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Research and Development Department, Yaneng BIOscience (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qianmei Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingyue Xie
- Clinical laboratory, Shishi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Quanzhou city, China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Zeng
- Clinical laboratory, Jinjiang City Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou city, China
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6
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Zhuang J, Tian J, Wei J, Zheng Y, Zhuang Q, Wang Y, Xie Q, Zeng S, Wang G, Pan Y, Jiang Y. Molecular analysis of a large novel deletion causing α +-thalassemia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:74. [PMID: 31060505 PMCID: PMC6501318 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the α-globin gene cluster. Recognizing the pathogenic α-globin gene mutations associated with α-Thalassemia is of significant importance to thalassaemia's diagnosis and management. METHODS A family with α-thalassaemia from Fujian, China was recruited for this study. The phenotype was confirmed through haematological analysis. Commercially available Gap-PCR genotypic methods were employed to identify the known deletions causing α-thalassemia. MLPA analysis was used to study the novel mutations; this was then confirmed through DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The proband of the family belonged to Southeast Asian type (--SEA) thalassaemia. None of the known mutations associated with α-thalassaemia were detected in this family's genetics, whereas a novel 6.9 kb deletion (16p13.3 g.29,785-36,746) covering the α2 gene on the globin gene cluster was identified with MLPA and confirmed through Sanger Sequencing. This data led us to propose a novel pathogenic deletion associated with α-thalassemia: -α6.9 /--SEA. CONCLUSIONS A novel α-thalassaemia deletion was identified in members of a Chinese family and subsequently analyzed. This finding has helped broaden the spectrum of pathogenic mutations leading to the development of α-thalassaemia, paving the way for improved disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- Yaneng BIOscience (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Wei
- Yaneng BIOscience (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Yaneng BIOscience (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianmei Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyue Xie
- Shishi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 362700, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Yaneng BIOscience (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, 518000, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Woman's and Children's Hospital, No. 700 Fengze Street Fengze District, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Nittayaboon K, Nopparatana C. Molecular characterization of Hb H disease in southern Thailand. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:384-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Jiang F, Chen GL, Li J, Xie XM, Zhou JY, Liao C, Li DZ. Pre Gestational Thalassemia Screening in Mainland China: The First Two Years of a Preventive Program. Hemoglobin 2017; 41:248-253. [DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2017.1378672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Mei Xie
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Huang Q, Wang X, Tang N, Yan T, Chen P, Li Q. Simultaneous Genotyping of α-Thalassemia Deletional and Nondeletional Mutations by Real-Time PCR-Based Multicolor Melting Curve Analysis. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:567-574. [PMID: 28506685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Thalassemia, which is caused by defective synthesis of the hemoglobin α-globin chains, is the most commonly inherited recessive hemoglobin abnormality. Genetic detection of a defective α-globin gene is challenging because of a variety of large deletions of the α-globin gene cluster and nondeletional mutations. Separate detections of them are often required using complex and error-prone open-tube methods. We report a novel real-time PCR-based assay that can simultaneously genotype four major deletional and three common nondeletional mutations in two parallel reactions by using multicolor melting curve analysis. The turnaround time of this closed-tube assay was within 3.5 hours, the limit of detection was 5 ng of human genomic DNA per reaction, and as low as 5% mutant DNA could be detected in the mosaic samples. The assay was evaluated using 1213 precharacterized genomic DNA samples in a double-blind manner. All seven α-thalassemia mutations were accurately genotyped, yielding a 99.3% concordance with the comparison assays. The 14 discordant samples contained the HKαα allele that was undetected by the traditional methods. Considering its rapidity, ease of use, and accuracy, we concluded that our real-time PCR assay may be recommended as an alternative screening and diagnostic tool for α-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Tizhen Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Hemoglobin Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qingge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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10
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Uaprasert N, Settapiboon R, Amornsiriwat S, Sutcharitchan P, Rojnuckarin P. The first validated criteria for effective screening and a new simplified method for α-globin gene sequencing for diagnosis of uncommon α-globin mutations. Int J Hematol 2017; 105:819-827. [PMID: 28168416 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
No well-defined phenotypes that distinguish between unknown α- and β-globin mutations have been reported to date. Direct DNA sequencing of α-globin genes can be technically challenging, as α1- and α2-globin genes are nearly indistinguishable. To detect hemoglobin variants (HbXs) on Hb analysis, the entire β- and α-globin genes were directly sequenced using a newly developed sequencing protocol for α-globin genes. An algorithm to distinguish between α- and β-HbXs was constructed and subsequently validated in the independent validation group. Distinctive characteristics that can distinguish 39 α-HbXs from 24 β-HbXs were the presence of unidentifiable variants of HbA2 and/or HbX of <37% on isoelectric focusing and <31% on high-performance liquid chromatography. Another set of 67 HbXs was employed to validate our algorithm. This accurately predicted 33 α-HbXs with 100% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity. Our sequencing protocol for α-globin genes was able to identify 11 rare mutations among all exons of both α-globin genes from 72 subjects. Six of these variants were first discovered in Thais. This is the first well-characterized algorithm for distinguishing unknown Hb variants in a large cohort. Our validated criteria and DNA sequencing procedure are highly efficient for molecular characterization of rare Hb mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppacharn Uaprasert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Rung Settapiboon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Amornsiriwat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Sutcharitchan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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11
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He J, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Su J, Ding X, Li S, Xu Y, Pu J, Jin C, Zhu B. Prevalence of hemoglobin E in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. Hematology 2015; 21:54-9. [PMID: 26292035 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yinhong Zhang
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jie Su
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dehong Autonamic Prefecture of Dai and Jingpo, Mangshi, 678400, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xishuangbanna Autonamic Prefecture of Dai, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Chanchan Jin
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory For Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
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12
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Huang SW, Xu Y, Liu XM, Zhou M, Li GF, An BQ, Su L, Wu X, Lin J. The Prevalence and Spectrum of α-Thalassemia in Guizhou Province of South China. Hemoglobin 2015; 39:260-3. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2015.1041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Li J, Li R, Li DZ. Identification of nondeletional α-thalassemia in a prenatal screening program by reverse dot-blot in southern China. Hemoglobin 2014; 39:42-5. [PMID: 25523870 DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2014.985832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the performance of nondeletional α-thalassemia (α-thal) prevention using a reverse dot-blot method at a Mainland Chinese hospital. A prenatal control program for nondeletional Hb H disease was performed between January 2009 and December 2013. All couples were screened for α-thal trait, and for couples in which one partner tested positive for α(0)-thal, the other was subjected to screening for Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS, HBA2: c.427T > C) and Hb Quong Sze (Hb QS, HBA2: c.377T > C) mutations by reverse dot-blot assay. Prenatal diagnoses were offered in at-risk pregnancies. During the study period, 51,105 couples were found to be carrying α-thal; among these, 35 (0.07%) couples were found to be at-risk of conceiving an offspring with nondeletional Hb H disease, including 25 couples for Hb H-CS and 10 cases for Hb H-QS. Nine fetuses were diagnosed with nondeletional Hb H disease, and eight of the affected pregnancies were terminated. Detection of nondeletional α-thal is necessary for any prenatal diagnosis (PND) programs in Southeast Asian countries. Reverse dot-blot is a relatively simple method for simultaneous typing of common nondeletional α-thal mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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14
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Xie XM, Zhou JY, Li J, Li R, Liao C, Li DZ. Implementation of newborn screening for hemoglobin h disease in mainland china. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014; 31:242-6. [PMID: 25825565 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin H disease is the most severe non-fatal form of α-thalassemia syndrome characterized by pronounced microcytic hypochromic hemolytic anemia. It is predominantly seen in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Studies suggest that hemoglobin H disease is not as benign a disorder as previously thought. Newborn screening for hemoglobin H disease is especially appealing because the screening test is based on the detection of hemoglobin Bart's (γ4) that is only possible within the newborn period. In this study, we reported on a 4-year period of newborn screening program at a mainland Chinese hospital, which detected 35 babies with hemoglobin H disease in a total of 26 152 newborns. The overall prevalence for hemoglobin H disease among all newborns in southern China is ~1 in 1,000. These children need appropriate follow-up and potential comprehensive care during their growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Mei Xie
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Jinsui Road 9, Zhujiang New Town, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong People's Republic of China
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15
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Yang Y, Lou JW, Liu YH, He Y, Li DZ. Screening and Diagnosis of Hb Quong Sze [HBA2: c.377T > C (orHBA1)] in a Prenatal Control Program for Thalassemia. Hemoglobin 2014; 38:158-60. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2014.910669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Zhu BS, He J, Zeng XH, Su J, Xu XH, Li SY, Chen H, Zhang YH. The Spectrum ofα- Andβ-Thalassemia Mutations in Yunnan Province of Southwestern China. Hemoglobin 2012; 36:464-73. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2012.717327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Lin M, Zhu JJ, Wang Q, Xie LX, Lu M, Wang JL, Wang CF, Zhong TY, Zheng L, Pan MC, Wu JR, Wen YF, Liu GR, Zhan XF, Lin F, Yang LY. Development and evaluation of a reverse dot blot assay for the simultaneous detection of common alpha and beta thalassemia in Chinese. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 48:86-90. [PMID: 22197394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Hu Y, Zhang WL, Xie SL, Zhao Y, Hu JL, Cai XF, Lai GQ, Huang AL. An improved reverse dot hybridization for simple and rapid detection of adefovir dipivoxil-resistant hepatitis B virus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:53-60. [PMID: 22290465 DOI: 10.4238/2012.january.9.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of adefovir dipivoxil-resistant mutants during long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with this drug is of great clinical importance. We developed an improved reverse dot hybridization test for simple and rapid detection of the rtA181V/T and rtN236T mutations associated with adefovir dipivoxil resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients. Probes were designed for genotypes B, C, and D of this resistance characteristic; a total of 70 clinical samples were analyzed with this improved reverse dot hybridization assay. Its usefulness was validated by comparing with sequencing data. Discordant results were confirmed by subclone sequencing. This reverse dot hybridization assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect 10(3) copies/mL; it also detected adefovir dipivoxil-resistant mutant strains when they comprised more than 5% of a mixed virus population. This reverse dot hybridization array correctly identified adefovir dipivoxil-resistant mutants; it had high concordance (98.5%) with direct sequencing data. There was no clear relationship between the HBV genotype and the development of adefovir dipivoxil-resistant mutants. This reverse dot hybridization assay proved to be simple and rapid for detection of rtA181V/T and rtN236T mutations associated with resistance to adefovir dipivoxil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Liao C, Zhou JY, Xie XM, Li DZ. Screening for Hb Constant Spring in the Guangdong Province, South China, Using the Sebia Capillary Electrophoresis System. Hemoglobin 2011; 35:87-90. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2010.547430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Wang Z, Yu W, Li Y, Shang X, Zhang X, Xiong F, Xu X. Analysis of alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) gene as a genetic modifier to the phenotype of beta-thalassemia in Southern China. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:128-32. [PMID: 20627634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) is a molecular chaperon binding specifically to free alpha-globin. It is considered to be a potential modifier of beta-thalassemia. In order to find out if AHSP affects the phenotype of beta-thalassemia carriers in southern China, we analyzed AHSP gene in 365 beta-thalassemia subjects which was identified in 5789 consecutive blood samples from southern China. 8 SNPs were detected including two rare SNPs which were reported by us for the first time and two novel missense mutations. One missense mutation, A to T transversion at gene position 12750, substituting aspartic acid for valine at amino acid position 29 (AHSP D29V), was detected in three beta-thalassemia carriers respectively. The other AHSP missense mutation, 12831 A>T, which substitutes valine for glycine at amino acid position 56 (AHSP V56G), was identified in only one sample. Neither of the two missense mutations leads to obvious phenotypic change to the beta-thalassemia carries. A genetic association study between AHSP gene and the phenotype of beta-thalassemia subjects was conducted simultaneously. No significant association has been found between specific AHSP alleles or haplotypes and the disease severity of beta-thalassemia. Our study suggested that AHSP is not a significant genetic modifier of beta-thalassemia in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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21
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Huang H, Xu L, Lin N, Xu J, He D, Li Y, Zheng L, Liu H, Lin Y. A New β-Thalassemia Deletion Mutation [Codon 36 (–C)] Observed in a Chinese Woman. Hemoglobin 2010; 34:599-603. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2010.526841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Lou JW, Li Q, Wei XF, Huang JW, Xu XM. Identification of the Linkage of a 1.357 KB β-Globin Gene Deletion and A γ-Globin Gene Triplication in a Chinese Family. Hemoglobin 2010; 34:343-53. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2010.486357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Liao C, Li DZ. Detection of non-deletional alpha-thalassemia in prenatal screening program. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:273-4. [PMID: 20528902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Liu X, Law HY, Tan YM, Hong Y. High-throughput beta-thalassemia carrier screening by allele-specific Q-primer real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:97-9. [PMID: 20433808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on a novel Q-primer real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, we designed allele-specific Q-primers for the detection of three beta-thalassemia mutations [Cd41/42(-TCTT), IVSI nt5 (G>C), and IVSII nt654 (C>T)] that have a high carrier frequency in Southeast Asia. With clear distinction between heterozygote and wild-type, DeltaC(t) (threshold cycle) values were defined. The results of evaluating 139 blinded samples by our system match perfectly with those obtained by the conventional reverse dot blot (RDB) method. With a 384-well plate that included replicates in the same analysis, our throughput reached 190 reactions per run with a turnaround time as short as 130 min, and the cost of consumables was as low as $1 (US) for each test.
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25
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Liao C, Zhou JY, Xie XM, Li J, Li R, Li DZ. Detection of Hb Constant Spring by a Capillary Electrophoresis Method. Hemoglobin 2010; 34:175-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03630261003680191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Yi P, Yu F, Huang S, Zhong C, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhang W, Xiao C, Xu X. Identification of a novel frameshift mutation at codon 53 (-T) in the beta-globin gene causing dominantly inherited beta-thalassemia in a Chinese Miao family. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2008; 41:56-9. [PMID: 18381244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
beta-thalassemia, one of the most common inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis in the world, is genetically heterogeneous with over 200 different beta-globin mutations worldwide. In this study, we describe a novel frameshift beta-thalassemia mutation at codon (cd) 53 (-T) in exon 2 of the beta-globin gene in a Chinese Miao family. In this family, all seven heterozygotes with this mutation presented with moderate anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly and elevated hemoglobin A2 levels. None of them had been transfused or carried any other known alpha/beta-globin mutation. Pedigree analysis indicated an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in this family. Two new haplotypes "----+-+" and "--+++-+" were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotype analysis. The former was associated with the cd53 (-T) mutation and the latter only existed in one family member. Thus, a novel frameshift cd53 (-T) mutation may lead to mild thalassemia intermedia even though there is no statistically significant difference in beta-globin messenger RNA (mRNA) level between six heterozygotes and six normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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27
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Puehringer H, Najmabadi H, Law HY, Krugluger W, Viprakasit V, Pissard S, Baysal E, Taher A, Farra C, Al-Ali A, Al-Ateeq S, Oberkanins C. Validation of a reverse-hybridization StripAssay for the simultaneous analysis of common α-thalassemia point mutations and deletions. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:605-10. [PMID: 17484620 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha-Thalassemia is a worldwide disease and considered to be a major public health problem in countries within the so-called thalassemia belt. The complex genetics of alpha-thalassemias requires diagnostic methods with the capacity to screen rapidly and accurately for common causative mutations. METHODS We developed and validated a reverse-hybridization assay (Alpha-Globin StripAssay) for the rapid and simultaneous detection of 21 alpha-globin mutations: two single gene deletions (-alpha(3.7); -alpha(4.2)), five double gene deletions [--(MED); --(SEA); --(THAI); --(FIL); -(alpha)(20.5)], alpha alpha alpha(anti-3.7) gene triplication, two point mutations in the alpha1 gene (cd 14 G>A; Hb Adana) and 11 point mutations in the alpha2 gene (initiation cd T>C; cd 19 -G; IVS1 -5nt; cd 59 G>A; Hb Quong Sze; Hb Constant Spring; Hb Icaria; Hb Pakse; Hb Koya Dora; polyA-1; polyA-2). RESULTS Reliable genotyping of recombinant mutant clones and reference DNA samples was achieved by means of two corresponding test strips presenting parallel arrays of allele-specific oligonucleotides. The entire procedure from blood sampling to the identification of mutations required less than 6 h, and hybridization/detection was manual or automated. The diagnostic potential of this Alpha-Globin StripAssay was carefully evaluated on 272 pre-typed samples in a multicenter validation study. In 96.14% of the cases, StripAssay typing was completely concordant with the reference methods. CONCLUSIONS The Alpha-Globin StripAssay proved to be a fast, easy-to-perform and reliable screening method to identify >90% of alpha-globin mutations in endemic areas worldwide.
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28
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Chan AYY, So CC, Ma ESK, Chan LC. A laboratory strategy for genotyping haemoglobin H disease in the Chinese. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:931-4. [PMID: 17018682 PMCID: PMC1994485 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.042242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thalassaemias are the commonest blood disorders worldwide, with South East Asia and southern China as areas of high prevalence. Accurate diagnosis of these disorders helps in clinical management with improved outcome. METHODS The alpha-globin genotypes of 100 Chinese patients in Hong Kong with haemoglobin H (Hb H) disease were characterised. Single-tube multiplex gap-PCR was used to detect --(SEA), -alpha(3.7) and -alpha(4.2), while Hb CS, Hb QS and codon 30 (DeltaGAG) were identified by single-tube multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Automated direct nucleotide sequencing of the amplified alpha2- and alpha1-globin genes was performed to characterise other non-deletional alpha-thalassaemia determinants. RESULTS In the 100 cases studied, 99 cases had --(SEA) in combination with deletional alpha(+)-thalassaemia or non-deletional alpha-globin gene mutation involving the alpha2-globin gene. In 70 cases of the deletional form, 43 cases showed the genotype of (--(SEA)/-alpha(3.7)) and 27 cases of (--(SEA)/-alpha(4.2)). Three of the 27 cases of (--(SEA)/-alpha(4.2)) were found to have Hb Q-Thailand linked in-cis with -alpha(4.2). The remaining 30 cases were of non-deletional form with the following genotypes: 11 cases of (--(SEA)/alpha(HbCS)alpha), 9 cases of (--(SEA)/alpha(HbQS)alpha), 3 cases of (--(SEA)/alpha(cd30 (DeltaGAG))alpha), 3 cases of (--(SEA)/alpha(cd31)alpha), 2 cases of (--(SEA)/alpha(poly-A)alpha), 1 case of (--(SEA)/alpha(HbWestmead)alpha) and 1 case of (--(non-SEA)/alpha(HbQS)alpha). CONCLUSIONS Based on two rapid diagnostic tests, multiplex gap-PCR and multiplex ARMS, more than 90% of the cases were genetically characterised. This laboratory strategy should be widely applicable for genetic diagnosis of alpha-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuk-Yin Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Li Z, Li F, Li M, Guo R, Zhang W. The prevalence and spectrum of thalassemia in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. Hemoglobin 2006; 30:9-14. [PMID: 16540409 DOI: 10.1080/03630260500453818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia (thal) is the most common autosomal disorder in southern China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of thalassemia mutations in the population of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. In total, 3,711 samples from two hospitals in Shenzhen were subjected to hematological and molecular analysis. Of these, 241 (6.49%) were carriers of thalassemias, of which 161 (4.34%) had alpha-thal, 74 (1.99%) had beta-thal, and six (0.16%) had both alpha- and beta-thal. Three deletional and one nondeletional alpha-thal mutation, and nine beta-thal mutations were identified. Compared with other areas in Guangdong Province, the prevalence of thalassemia in Shenzhen was lower, while there was no evident difference for the spectrum of mutations. These results will provide a reference for prenatal testing and genetic counseling in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesong Li
- Shenzhen YiShengTang Biological Products Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Li DZ, Liao C, Li J, Xie XM, Huang YN, Wu QC. Hemoglobin H hydrops fetalis syndrome resulting from the association of the - -SEA deletion and the alphaQuong Szealpha mutation in a Chinese woman. Eur J Haematol 2005; 75:259-61. [PMID: 16104884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case with Hb H hydrops fetalis syndrome resulting from the association of the - -(SEA) deletion and the alpha(Quong Sze)alpha mutation is reported. This is the first description of Hb H hydrops associated with the Hb Quong Sze mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Maternal & Neonatal Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Cai R, Liu J, Wang L, Liang X, Xiao B, Su L, Zhou Y, Pan L. Study on molecular epidemiology of the alpha-thalassemias in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. Hemoglobin 2005; 28:325-33. [PMID: 15658188 DOI: 10.1081/hem-200037743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Guangxi is one of the provinces of Southern China with the highest incidence of alpha-thalassemia (thal). Liuzhou is the second biggest city in Guangxi. To find out the incidence of the various alpha-thal genotypes, and their distribution in the Liuzhou area, an F820 Blood Cell Analysis System was used to measure the parameters of red blood cells. A SPIFE Rapid Auto-Electrophoresis System was used to analyze the normal and abnormal hemoglobins (Hbs). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to detect the alpha-globin genotypes. Thirty-two (2.05%) out of 7805 young couples undergoing pre-marriage counseling, were diagnosed as having an Hb H (beta4) disease. The study of 1228 cord blood samples revealed 138 newborn children carrying an alpha-thal determinant with nine different genotypes, thus making the total incidence of alpha-thal 11.24%. Among 185 cases of Hb H, 119 (64.1%) were confirmed as being deletional, and 66 cases (35.7%) nondeletional types. The severity of the Hb H diseases could be classified in the following order: alphaCSalpha/--SEA (alphaConstant (Spring)alpha/--Southeast Asia); alpha(-4.2)/--SEA; alpha(-3.7)/--SEA. Ten cases of alpha-thal determinants were found in combination with beta-thal. The mPCR technique can detect all kinds of combinations of the three common large deletions (--SEA, alpha(-4.2) and alpha(-3.7)) accurately and conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Cai
- Women and Children's Hospital, Liuzhou City, GuangXi, China
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32
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Patrinos GP, Kollia P, Papadakis MN. Molecular diagnosis of inherited disorders: lessons from hemoglobinopathies. Hum Mutat 2005; 26:399-412. [PMID: 16138310 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies constitute a major health problem worldwide, with a high carrier frequency, particularly in certain regions where malaria has been endemic. These disorders are characterized by a vast clinical and hematological phenotypic heterogeneity. Over 1,200 different genetic alterations that affect the DNA sequence of the human alpha-like (HBZ, HBA2, HBA1, and HBQ1) and beta-like (HBE1, HBG2, HBG1, HBD, and HBB) globin genes are mainly responsible for the observed clinical heterogeneity. These mutations, together with detailed information about the resulting phenotype, are documented in the globin locus-specific HbVar database. Family studies and comprehensive hematological analyses provide useful insights for accurately diagnosing thalassemia at the DNA level. For this purpose, numerous techniques can provide accurate, rapid, and cost-effective identification of the underlying genetic defect in affected individuals. The aim of this article is to review the diverse methodological and technical platforms available for the molecular diagnosis of inherited disorders, using thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies as a model. This article also attempts to shed light on issues closely related to thalassemia diagnostics, such as prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnoses and genetic counseling, for better-quality disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Patrinos
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MGC-Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Ye BC, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Oligonucleotide array for detection of common severe determinants of alpha thalassemia. J Biotechnol 2005; 115:1-9. [PMID: 15607220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and an efficient oligonucleotide array was developed to identify common severe determinants of alpha (alpha) thalassemia. A total of 14 probes were designed to detect the most frequently three deletions (-alpha(3.7), -alpha(4.2), -(SEA)) and two non-deletions (alpha(Quong Sze), alpha(Constant Spring)). PCR products were amplified from human genomic DNA and allowed to hybridize with the oligonucleotide array. Hybridization was detected by fluorescence scanning, and alpha globin genotypes were assigned by quantitative analysis of the hybridization results. The efficiency and specificity of identifying alpha globin genotypes using the oligonucleotide arrays was evaluated by blinded analysis of 690 samples from unrelated individuals. The oligonucleotide array method described in this paper provides unambiguous detection of complex combinations of heterozygous, compound heterozygous and homozygous alpha thalassemia genotypes. The experimental results demonstrate that this methodological approach may be applied for screening and for hemological diagnosis in population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Ce Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Xu XM, Zhou YQ, Luo GX, Liao C, Zhou M, Chen PY, Lu JP, Jia SQ, Xiao GF, Shen X, Li J, Chen HP, Xia YY, Wen YX, Mo QH, Li WD, Li YY, Zhuo LW, Wang ZQ, Chen YJ, Qin CH, Zhong M. The prevalence and spectrum of alpha and beta thalassaemia in Guangdong Province: implications for the future health burden and population screening. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:517-22. [PMID: 15113860 PMCID: PMC1770296 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.014456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Thalassaemia is a good candidate disease for control by preventive genetic programmes in developing countries. Accurate population frequency data are needed for planning the control of thalassaemia in the high risk Guangdong Province of southern China. METHODS In total, 13397 consecutive samples from five geographical areas of Guangdong Province were analysed for both haematological and molecular parameters. RESULTS There was a high prevalence of carriers of alpha thalassaemia (8.53%), beta thalassaemia (2.54%), and both alpha and beta thalassaemia (0.26%). Overall, 11.07% of the population in this area were heterozygous carriers of alpha and beta thalassaemia. The mutation spectrum of alpha and beta thalassaemia and its constitution were fully described in this area. This study reports the true prevalence of silent alpha thalassaemia in the southern China population for the first time. In addition, two novel mutations that give rise to alpha thalassaemia, one deletion resulting in beta thalassaemia, and a rare deletion (--(THAI) allele) previously unreported in mainland China were detected. The frequency of the most common mutation, the Southeast Asian type of deletion (--(SEA), accounting for 48.54% of all alpha thalassaemias) was similar to the total of two alpha(+) thalassaemia deletions (-alpha(3.7) and -alpha(4.2), accounting for 47.49% of alpha thalassaemia). CONCLUSION Both alpha and beta thalassaemia are widely distributed in Guangdong Province of China. The knowledge gained in this study will enable the projected number of pregnancies at risk to be estimated and a screening strategy for control of thalassaemia to be designed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China.
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Jia SQ, Li J, Mo QH, Liao C, Li LY, Xu XM. Alpha0 thalassaemia as a result of a novel 11.1 kb deletion eliminating both of the duplicated alpha globin genes. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:164-7. [PMID: 14747442 PMCID: PMC1770193 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise a novel 11.1 kb deletion that eliminated both of the duplicated alpha globin genes, giving rise to a typical alpha0 thalassaemia phenotype in four carriers from a Chinese family. METHODS Haematological investigations were carried out on all family members. The seven common forms of alpha thalassaemia were screened for by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting was used to analyse the alpha globin gene cluster. DNA sequence analysis of the entire alpha1 and alpha1 globin gene region was carried out and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to investigate the transcription levels of the alpha and beta globin genes. RESULTS The breakpoints were found to lie between coordinates 31695-31724 and 42846-42867 of the alpha globin gene cluster (NG_000006), with a total of about 11,135 nucleotides deleted. These sequences are involved in (CA)n repeats, suggesting a homologous recombination event. RT-PCR analysis gave a transcription level of the alpha globin gene in heterozygotes comparable with that of SEA deletion heterozygotes, confirming no output of alpha globin from the linked pair of alpha globin genes. The heterozygosity for this novel deletion was confirmed by PCR diagnosis in all four carriers from this family. CONCLUSIONS This rare mutation constitutes an additional heterogeneous defect causing alpha thalassaemia in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Q Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
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36
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Lacerra G, Fiorito M, Musollino G, Di Noce F, Esposito M, Nigro V, Gaudiano C, Carestia C. Sequence variations of the ?-globin genes: Scanning of high CG content genes with DHPLC and DG-DGGE. Hum Mutat 2004; 24:338-49. [PMID: 15365991 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-globin chains are encoded by two duplicated genes (HBA2 and HBA1, 5'-3') showing overall sequence homology >96% and average CG content >60%. alpha-Thalassemia, the most prevalent worldwide autosomal recessive disorder, is a hereditary anemia caused by sequence variations of these genes in about 25% of carriers. We evaluated the overall sensitivity and suitability of DHPLC and DG-DGGE in scanning both the alpha-globin genes by carrying out a retrospective analysis of 19 variant alleles in 29 genotypes. The HBA2 alleles c.1A>G, c.79G>A, and c.281T>G, and the HBA1 allele c.475C>A were new. Three pathogenic sequence variations were associated in cis with nonpathogenic variations in all families studied; they were the HBA2 variation c.2T>C associated with c.-24C>G, and the HBA2 variations c.391G>C and c.427T>C, both associated with c.565G>A. We set up original experimental conditions for DHPLC and DG-DGGE and analyzed 10 normal subjects, 46 heterozygotes, seven homozygotes, seven compound heterozygotes, and six compound heterozygotes for a hybrid gene. Both the methodologies gave reproducible results and no false-positive was detected. DHPLC showed 100% sensitivity and DG-DGGE nearly 90%. About 100% of the sequence from the cap site to the polyA addition site could be scanned by DHPLC, about 87% by DG-DGGE. It is noteworthy that the three most common pathogenic sequence variations (HBA2 alleles c.2T>C, c.95+2_95+6del, and c.523A>G) were unambiguously detected by both the methodologies. Genotype diagnosis must be confirmed with PCR sequencing of single amplicons or with an allele-specific method. This study can be helpful for scanning genes with high CG content and offers a model suitable for duplicated genes with high homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Lacerra
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
The alpha and beta thalassaemias are the commonest genetic disorders worldwide. The homozygous state is associated with high morbidity and mortality, thus screening of at-risk pregnancies and prenatal testing are strongly advocated. A thalassaemia (thal) array has been designed using allele-specific arrayed primer extension (AS-APEX) for the simultaneous analysis of 15 non-deletion alpha-gene defects and 23 beta-gene mutations commonly found in southeast Asian countries, where thalassaemias are highly prevalent. This overcomes the problem of using multiple reverse dot blot analysis. The array showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in the detection of 120 beta-thal mutants and 35 non-deletion alpha-thal mutants. It is robust enough to be produced in a single place and shipped to other laboratories for use. The production cost of the array is low, each slide can be used for three different test samples and is therefore amenable to large scale antenatal screening in southeast Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Chan
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pediatrics, 22-412 MDCC, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
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Wang W, Ma ESK, Chan AYY, Chui DHK, Chong SS. Multiple minisequencing screen for seven southeast Asian nondeletional alpha-thalassemia mutations. Clin Chem 2003; 49:800-3. [PMID: 12709372 DOI: 10.1373/49.5.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Departments of. Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, National University of Singapore 119074, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- David H K Chui
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bergstrome JAK, Poon A. Evaluation of a single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction screen for detection of common alpha-thalassemia genotypes in a clinical laboratory. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 118:18-24. [PMID: 12109851 DOI: 10.1309/3vk2-ucj1-5gbj-qv8q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We prospectively compared a single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting alpha-thalassemia with our current approach using 452 blood samples. Initial evaluation of 89 specimens revealed sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for the hemoglobin H inclusion body test (HbH prep) vs PCR for detecting alpha0-thalassemia carriers of 0.79 and 0.96 and for a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 82 microm3 (82 fL) or less, 1.0 and 0.45. Detection of all alpha-thalassemia genotypes was significantly lower for HbH prep and MCV (sensitivity and specificity, respectively: HbH prep, 0.48 and 0.96; MCV, 0.87 and 0.47). In a follow-up evaluation of patients with positive HbH prep results or suspected alpha-thalassemia prescreened by low MCV, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of HbH prep vs PCR increased to 0.97 and 0.93 for alpha0-thalassemia and 0.83 and 0.92 for any alpha-thalassemia. PCR detected alpha-thalassemia in 37.2% of 298 suspected alpha-thalassemia cases with suggestive indices but negative HbH prep results and no detectable hemoglobinopathy. This multiplex approach was more sensitive than the HbH prep for detecting all alpha-thalassemia genotypes, particularly alpha+-thalassemia; was particularly valuable for identifying carriers of alpha0-thalassemia at risk for offspring with hemoglobin Bart hydropsfetalis, regardless of other diagnosed hemoglobinopathies; and is an ideal adjunct to standard clinical screening protocols for detecting alpha-globin deletions.
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Eng B, Patterson M, Walker L, Chui DH, Waye JS. Detection of severe nondeletional alpha-thalassemia mutations using a single-tube multiplex ARMS assay. GENETIC TESTING 2002; 5:327-9. [PMID: 11960579 DOI: 10.1089/109065701753617471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-thalassemia is a common hereditary anemia due to decreased or absent synthesis of alpha-globin chains. The most common causes of alpha-thalassemia are deletions that remove one or both functional alpha-globin genes, with a small proportion of cases involving nondeletional mutations of the alpha2- or alpha1-globin genes. Herein, we describe a single-tube multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay for rapid detection of six of the most common and severe nondeletional alpha-thalassemia mutations. These alleles are found predominantly among southeast Asian populations, and are associated with the most severe forms of hemoglobin (Hb) H disease or Hb H hydrops fetalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eng
- Provincial Hemoglobinopathy DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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Abstract
We report on a generally useful, partially automated, human mutation detection method based upon printing moderate density oligonucleotide arrays using a biorobot on activated nylon membranes. The Beckman Biomek 2000 was adapted to this task through fabrication of aluminum membrane filter holders and the development of an addressable Tool Command Language (Tcl) program, which can be invoked through BioScript. During program execution, a robot arm is moved along the x, y, and z axes to expel liquid, without dripping, from disposable barrier pipette tips and then to touch the drops on preactivated membranes. Printed arrays consist of alternating rows of oligonucleotides containing normal and mutant sequences. Hybridization of biotin labeled polymerase chain reaction products derived from human patient genomic DNA samples are visualized using chemiluminescent or chromogenic indicators. This technique allows unequivocal genotyping of 32 mutations at the beta-thalassemia locus (11p15.5) and of 34 mutations and one polymorphism at the cystic fibrosis transconductance membrane regulator locus (7p35).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lappin
- Quest Diagnostics, Van Nuys, and Beckman/Coulter, Fullerton, California, USA
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Chan LC, Ma SK, Chan AY, Ha SY, Waye JS, Lau YL, Chui DH. Should we screen for globin gene mutations in blood samples with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) greater than 80 fL in areas with a high prevalence of thalassaemia? J Clin Pathol 2001; 54:317-20. [PMID: 11304851 PMCID: PMC1731396 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.54.4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether it is worthwhile, in areas where thalassaemia is common, to screen for globin gene mutations in subjects with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) above 80 fL, especially in partners of known thalassaemia carriers. METHODS Blood samples from 95 subjects with MCV between 80 and 85 fL were screened for the presence of alpha globin gene mutations and the haemoglobin (Hb) E mutation. RESULTS Thirty four subjects harboured globin gene mutations. Of these, 31 had deletions of one alpha globin gene, one had Hb Constant Spring, and three had Hb E mutations. CONCLUSION Based on the above figures and known prevalence rates of thalassaemia carriers, it would seem worthwhile to screen for globin gene mutations in partners of known thalassaemia carriers, regardless of MCV, to identify pregnancies at risk of Hb H disease or Hb E/beta thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Chan V, Yam I, Yip B, Au P, Shing MK, Li CK, Chan TK. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the factor IX gene for linkage analysis in the southern Chinese population. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:540-3. [PMID: 11122097 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carrier detection and prenatal testing for haemophilia B in Oriental populations have been hampered by the lack of informative markers within the factor IX (FIX) gene. We detected a T/C nucleotide variation at nucleotide 32770 in the poly-A region of the FIX gene in the mother of a haemophilia B child. Analysis of 139 unrelated alleles revealed a heterozygosity rate of 0.193, thus offering an additional marker for linkage analysis. Together with two other polymorphic sites (5' MseI and 3' HhaI) found in Chinese and Thai populations, these polymorphisms were useful in 66% of the families studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chan
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
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46
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Chan V, Yam I, Yip B, Au P, Shing MK, Li CK, Chan TK. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the factor IX gene for linkage analysis in the southern Chinese population. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen FE, Ooi C, Ha SY, Cheung BM, Todd D, Liang R, Chan TK, Chan V. Genetic and clinical features of hemoglobin H disease in Chinese patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:544-50. [PMID: 10954762 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200008243430804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normally, one pair of each of the two alpha-globin genes, alpha1 and alpha2, resides on each copy of chromosome 16. In hemoglobin H disease, three of these four alpha-globin genes are affected by a deletion, a mutation, or both. We studied the alpha1-globin gene abnormalities and the clinical and hematologic features of Chinese patients with hemoglobin H disease in Hong Kong. METHODS We assessed the clinical features, hematologic values, serum ferritin levels, and liver function of 114 patients with hemoglobin H disease. We also performed echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver and examined the two pairs of alpha-globin genes. RESULTS Hemoglobin H disease in 87 of the 114 patients (76 percent) was due to the deletion of three of the four alpha-globin genes (--/-alpha), a combination termed the deletional type of hemoglobin H. The remaining 27 patients (24 percent) had the nondeletional type of hemoglobin H disease, in which two alpha-globin genes are deleted and a third is mutated (--/alphaalphaT). All 87 patients with the deletional type of hemoglobin H were double heterozygotes in whom there was a deletion of both alpha-globin genes from one chromosome, plus a deletion of the alpha1 or alpha2 gene from the other chromosome (--/alpha- or --/-alpha). A variety of mutated alpha-globin genes was found in the patients with nondeletional type of hemoglobin H disease. Patients with the nondeletional type of the H disease had more symptoms at a younger age, more severe hemolytic anemia, and larger spleens and were more likely to require transfusions than patients with deletional hemoglobin H disease. The severity of iron overload was not related to the genotype. CONCLUSIONS Chinese patients in Hong Kong with the nondeletional type of hemoglobin H disease have more severe disease than those with the deletional type of the disease. Iron overload is a major cause of disability in both forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong and Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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