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Cho SW, Zhang YL, Ko YK, Shin JM, Lee JH, Rhee CS, Kim DY. Intranasal Treatment With 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in a Mouse Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:267-279. [PMID: 30661318 PMCID: PMC6340801 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. However, its role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is unclear. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiallergic effect of intranasally applied vitamin D in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum before they were intranasally challenged with OVA. Then, they were intranasally administered 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.02 μg) or solvent. Allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, cytokine mRNA levels (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon-γ) in the nasal tissue, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were analyzed and compared with negative and positive control groups. Cervical lymph nodes (LNs) were harvested for flow cytometry analysis and cell proliferation assay. RESULTS In the treatment group, allergic symptom scores, eosinophil infiltration, and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the nasal tissue than in the positive control group. The IL-5 mRNA level, serum total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels decreased in the treatment group; however, the difference was not significant. In the cervical LNs, CD86 expression had been down-regulated in CD11c⁺major histocompatibility complex II-high (MHCIIhigh) in the treatment group. Additionally, IL-4 secretion in the lymphocyte culture from cervical LNs significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the antiallergic effect of intranasal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. It decreases CD 86 expression among CD11c⁺MHCIIhigh cells and T-helper type 2-mediated inflammation in the cervical LNs. Therefore, topically applied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a future therapeutic agent for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Lian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.,Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Young Kyung Ko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Mulligan JK, Mulligan RM, Atkinson C, Schlosser RJ. Human sinonasal epithelial cells direct dendritic function and T-cell T helper 1/T helper 2 skewing following Aspergillus exposure. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2011; 1:268-74. [PMID: 22287430 DOI: 10.1002/alr.20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lower airway disease such as asthma, epithelial cells have been shown to be potent regulators of dendritic cell (DC) functions. However, it is unclear how human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs) from patients with sinusitis regulate DC functions. Therefore, in these studies we investigated the ability of Aspergillus fumigatus exposed HSNECs to regulate DC antigen uptake, maturation, and direction of T-cell T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 skewing. METHODS Primary HSNECs were cultured from control (n = 8), chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 9), and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 7) patients and exposed to Aspergillus. Conditioned media was placed upon monocyte-derived DCs from healthy controls. DC antigen uptake was assessed by dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) uptake. DC differentiation and maturation was assessed by immunostaining for CD209, CD80, and CD86 followed by flow cytometric analysis. DC direction of T-cell Th1/Th2 skewing was evaluated by immunostaining followed by intracellular flow cytometric analysis for interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-5. RESULTS Control and CRSsNP HSNECs have the capacity to stimulate DC antigen uptake, differentiation, and maturation following Aspergillus exposure. CRSwNP HSNECs stimulate DC activation independent of Aspergillus exposure. Furthermore, Aspergillus-exposed CRSwNP HSNECs skew T-cells toward a Th2 phenotype. CONCLUSION CRSwNP-derived HSNECs stimulate DC maturation and Th2 skewing independent of Aspergillus exposure. However, control and CRSsNP HSNECs induce DC maturation and Th2 skewing after Aspergillus exposure. These in vitro studies demonstrate that HSNECs are key regulators of DC functions in the sinus microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Ayers CM, Schlosser RJ, O'Connell BP, Atkinson C, Mulligan RM, Casey SE, Bleier BS, Wang EW, Sansoni ER, Kuhlen JL, Mulligan JK. Increased presence of dendritic cells and dendritic cell chemokines in the sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2011; 1:296-302. [PMID: 22287435 DOI: 10.1002/alr.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine if there is a link between local dendritic cells (DCs) and various subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS): CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Once DC presence was established we considered possible mechanisms for DC recruitment to the sinuses. METHODS Biopsy specimens were taken from the osteomeatal complex during endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with AFRS (n ≥ 5), CRSsNP (n ≥ 6), and CRSwNP (n ≥ 6). Control patients (n ≥ 5) were undergoing either tumor resection or repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak and had no radiographic or endoscopic evidence of inflammatory sinus disease. Tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for DC marker, CD209, costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, and chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR6. Sinus tissue lysates were examined for levels of the DC chemoattractants, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL20. RESULTS Analysis of sinus tissue from AFRS and CRSwNP revealed elevated numbers of cells staining positive for CD209, CD80, CD86, CCR2, and CCR6 compared to controls. CCL2 and CCL20 levels were elevated in AFRS and CRSwNP compared to controls, similar to increases in their receptors, CCR2 and CCR6, respectively. While there were trends toward increases in all markers in CRSsNP, none was statistically significant compared to control. CONCLUSION AFRS and CRSwNP have increased numbers of DCs displaying costimulatory molecules, DC chemoattractants, and their corresponding receptors in the sinus mucosa compared to controls. These differences represent a possible mechanism for increased numbers of DCs with a T helper 2 (Th2)-skewed profile seen in CRSwNP and AFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Ayers
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Mulligan JK, Bleier BS, O'Connell B, Mulligan RM, Wagner C, Schlosser RJ. Vitamin D3 correlates inversely with systemic dendritic cell numbers and bone erosion in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:312-20. [PMID: 21401575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D(3) (VD(3) ) is a steroid hormone that regulates bone health and numerous aspects of immune function and may play a role in respiratory health. We hypothesized that T helper type 2 (Th2) disorders, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) would have VD(3) deficiencies, resulting in increased mature dendritic cells (DCs) and bone erosion. We conducted a retrospective study examining VD(3) levels in patients with AFRS (n = 14), CRSwNP (n = 9), chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 20) and cerebrospinal fluid leak repair (non-diseased controls) (n = 14) at time of surgery. Circulating immune cell levels were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. Plasma VD(3) and immune regulatory factors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prostaglandin E(2) ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was observed that CRSwNP and AFRS demonstrated increased circulating DCs, while chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps displayed increased circulating macrophages. CRSwNP and AFRS were to found to have insufficient levels of VD(3) which correlated inversely with circulating numbers of mature DCs, DC regulatory factors and bone erosion. CRSsNP displayed no change in circulating DC numbers or VD(3) status compared to control, but did display increased numbers of circulating macrophages that was independent of VD(3) status. Lastly, VD(3) deficiency was associated with more severe bone erosion. Taken together, these results suggest support a role for VD(3) as a key player in the immunopathology of CRSwNP and AFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Mulligan
- Division of Rhinology & Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Okano M. Mechanisms and clinical implications of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:164-73. [PMID: 19737138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a common airway disease characterized by hypersensitivity, exudation, hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration and remodelling. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are the most effective drugs for controlling the inflammation caused by allergic rhinitis. Glucocorticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory effects through at least two pathways: the transactivation pathway and the transrepression pathway. Glucocorticosteroids also exert regulatory functions by inducing regulatory cytokines and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3(+)) regulatory T cells. Evidence suggests that intranasal glucocorticosteroids control not only nasal symptoms but also ocular symptoms. In contrast to sedating H1 receptor antagonists, intranasal glucocorticosteroids can improve impaired performance symptoms, such as daytime sleepiness, associated with allergic rhinitis. Recent studies suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might also be useful for the prophylactic treatment of pollinosis; this possibility is supported by the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticosteroids. These findings suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might be positioned as first-line drugs for the treatment of both perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Wolfram C, Rasche C, Audring H, Wahls M, Worm M. Isolation and phenotypic characterization of mucosal nasal lymphocytes by direct ex vivo analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:677-83. [PMID: 18766360 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular inflammation of the nasal mucosa demonstrates a local immune response which plays an important role in allergic rhinitis. The aim of the present study was to characterize nasal mucosal lymphocytes regarding their activation and differentiation state by direct ex vivo flowcytometric analysis. Lymphocytes from the inferior turbinates were isolated by a mechanical method of preparation and, for comparison, from peripheral blood by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. Patients suffering from rhinitis or difficulty in nasal breathing were divided into an allergic (pollen-allergy, n = 13) and non-allergic group (n = 24). Expression of different T- and B-cell markers was determined by flowcytometric analysis. CD4+ T-cells from the nasal mucosa exhibited a memory phenotype (CD45RO+, 97%), were highly activated (CD69+, 43-73%), and showed low expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA+, 5%). Nasal CD20+ B-lymphocytes expressed significantly higher levels of mIgE and lower levels of CD23 and CD80 than peripheral B-cells. Subsets of CD80+ (4%) and CD86+ (6%) CD20+ B-lymphocytes were identified in the nasal mucosa. No significant differences between allergic and non-allergic individuals were determined. As expected, the data show profound phenotypical differences between circulating peripheral blood and nasal mucosal lymphocytes. Activated memory lymphocytes are present in the nasal mucosa from allergic, but also non-allergic patients and may indicate to a significant role of a local inflammatory state without systemic criteria for allergy. In our study, we show that direct ex vivo isolation of lymphocytes is practicable method and offers a new technique to examine the local nasal allergic immune response using a multiparametric phenotypical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Wolfram
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy-Center-Charité, Medical University Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Alsharifi M, Müllbacher A, Regner M. Interferon type I responses in primary and secondary infections. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 86:239-45. [PMID: 18180794 DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian host responds to a microbial infection with a rapid innate immune reaction that is dominated by type I interferon (IFN-I) release. Most cells of vertebrates can respond to microbial attack with IFN-I production, but the cell type responsible for most of the systemic IFN-I release is thought to be plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Besides its anti-microbial and especially anti-viral properties IFN-I also exerts a regulatory role on many facets of the sequential adaptive immune response. One of these is being the recently described partial, systemic activation of the vast majority of B and T lymphocytes in mice, irrespective of antigen reactivity. The biological significance of this partial activation of lymphocytes is at present speculative. Secondary infections occurring within a short time span of a primary infection fail to elicit a similar lymphocyte activation response due to a refractory period in systemic IFN-I production. This period of exhaustion in IFN-I responses is associated with an increased susceptibility of the host to secondary infections. The latter correlates with well-established clinical observations of heightened susceptibility of patients to secondary microbial infections after viral episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsharifi
- Division of Immunology and Genetics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Inoue R, Otsuka M, Nishio A, Ushida K. Primary administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 in weaning period suppresses the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and CD86 gene expressions in skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:67-76. [PMID: 17425659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been studied for its potential to prevent atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory mechanism of a skin lesion by LAB using an experimental model that we previously demonstrated in NC/Nga mice. Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) was administered orally to the La1 group from 20 to 22 days after birth, while phosphate-buffered saline was given to the control group. After the induction of skin lesions in 6-week-old mice, the expression of genes supposedly involved in AD was evaluated. Gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-12 and IL-23] was significantly enhanced in the lesional skin of the control group by the induction of the lesion, whereas gene expression of those in the La1 group was not elevated. Interestingly, expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 showed a pattern similar to the expression of the cytokines in the lesional skin. Moreover, the La1 group showed a significantly lower gene expression of CD86 in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes than the control group. The suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and CD86 by primary administration of La1 may significantly contribute to the inhibitory effect on the skin lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Lactobacillus/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Mice
- Mites/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Weaning
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo Kyoto, Japan
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Otsuki N, Kamimura Y, Hashiguchi M, Azuma M. Expression and function of the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA/CD272) on human T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344:1121-7. [PMID: 16643847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Co-signal receptors provide crucial activating or attenuating signals for T cells. The B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA/CD272) is a third member of co-inhibitory receptors, which belongs to the CD28 immunoglobulin-superfamily. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human BTLA, we show that BTLA is constitutively expressed on most CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and its expression progressively decreases upon T cell activation. Polarized Th1 and Th2 cells contained both BTLA-positive and BTLA-negative populations, but the extended culture diminished BTLA expression. Cross-linking BTLA with an agonistic mAb inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of the cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-10 in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. BTLA-mediated inhibition of T cell activation occurred during both primary CD4+ T cell responses and secondary CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, suggesting that BTLA ligation sends a constitutive "off" signal to T cells and thus might play an important role in the maintenance of T cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Otsuki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Plewako H, Arvidsson M, Oancea I, Hasséus B, Dahlgren U, Rak S. The effect of specific immunotherapy on the expression of costimulatory molecules in late phase reaction of the skin in allergic patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 34:1862-7. [PMID: 15663560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific immunotherapy (SIT) modulates immune responses to allergens resulting in improvement of allergic symptoms. However, the mechanisms behind the clinical changes are not clear. Participation of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cells in the process of antigen recognition is suggested to be of essential importance. The SIT effect on expression of costimulatory molecules has not been earlier examined. METHODS Forty-one birch-allergic patients were treated with SIT or placebo. After 1 year of treatment skin biopsies were obtained 24 h following allergen challenge. Sections were stained with antibodies against: EG2 (eosinophils), CD4 (T cells), CD68 (macrophages), CD1a (Langerhans cells), CD28 (on T cells) and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). RESULTS Following allergen challenge number of the CD4(+) and CD68(+) cells increased significantly (P=0.002, 0.0001, respectively) in the placebo, but not in the SIT-treated patients. The difference between groups was significant (P=0.003, 0.01, respectively). The numbers of EG2(+) cells increased significantly in both groups. CD80(+) cell numbers increased in the placebo (P=0.01) but not in the SIT group. The number of CD86(+) cells increased in both groups (placebo, P=0.001; SIT, P=0.01) but significantly less in the SIT group (P=0.05). The numbers of CD28(+) cells increased in the placebo (P=0.001) but remained unchanged in the SIT group. The difference between the groups was significant (P=0.05). CONCLUSION There were lower numbers of cells expressing costimulatory molecules in SIT-treated than in placebo-treated patients. Decreased costimulation may lead to diminished immune response following allergen exposure. This could be an important factor contributing to the clinical improvement after SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Plewako
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Saatian B, Yu XY, Yu X, Lane AP, Doyle T, Casolaro V, Spannhake EW. Expression of genes for B7-H3 and other T cell ligands by nasal epithelial cells during differentiation and activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287:L217-25. [PMID: 15047568 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the human respiratory tract express human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2. Little is known, however, about the constitutive expression of genes encoding for the more recently identified members of the B7 homolog family of costimulatory molecules or about the influence of cellular differentiation and cytokines on their activity or on that of HLA or B7-1 and B7-2. Human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells were grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI) for 2 or 21 days to model in vivo conditions. Expression of genes for HLA-B and HLA-DR1 increased during mucociliary differentiation during this period and became more similar to HNE cells obtained fresh by brush biopsy from nasal turbinates. Gene transcripts for B7-H3 and B7-H2 were abundantly expressed in cells cultured at the ALI, but neither their activities nor that of B7-2 was significantly altered during differentiation. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha upregulated mRNA encoding for both HLA molecules, but not for the B7 molecules. This study describes, for the first time, the expression of B7-H3 and B7-H2 by HNE cells and thus expands the range of potential costimulatory signals through which these cells may interact with activated mucosal T lymphocytes. In addition, the results suggest that the extent of mucociliary differentiation of cultured cells may influence this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Saatian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Novak N, Allam JP, Betten H, Haberstok J, Bieber T. The role of antigen presenting cells at distinct anatomic sites: they accelerate and they slow down allergies. Allergy 2004; 59:5-14. [PMID: 14674927 DOI: 10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been repeatedly demonstrated that allergic reactions are driven by the continuous flow of antigen uptake and presentation processes, which are perpetuated mainly by dendritic cells (DC). The ability of allergens to cause allergic inflammation is contingent upon the presence of an immunological milieu and microenvironment that either privileges Th2 responses or prohibits these reactions by the induction of contraregulatory anti-inflammatory activities of the immune system. In the light of recent developments it appears that DC have to manage two opposing tasks: on the one hand they can favor pro-inflammatory reactions and actively induce a T-cell response, yet on the other hand they serve an important function as 'silencers' in the immune system by sending out anti-inflammatory, tolerance inducing signals. This unique capacity of DC has opened several exciting possibilities for a role of DC in both - accelerating and slowing down allergic reactions. It is therefore a challenge to understand in which way DC subtypes located at distinct anatomic sites with frequent allergen exposure, such as the skin, the nasal mucosa, the respiratory tree or the mucosa of the intestinal tract can have an impact on mechanisms involved in tolerance induction or effective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Novak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Sridevi K, Neena K, Chitralekha KT, Arif AK, Tomar D, Rao DN. Expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD28, CD152), accessory molecules (TCR αβ, TCR γδ) and T cell lineage molecules (CD4+, CD8+) in PBMC of leprosy patients using Mycobacterium leprae antigen (MLCWA) with murabutide and T cell peptide of Trat protein. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:1-14. [PMID: 14975355 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2003] [Revised: 08/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In leprosy, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is more significant than humoral response to eliminate intracellular pathogen. T cell defect is a common feature in lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients as compared to tuberculoid type (TT) patients. For efficient initiation of CD4+, T cell response requires T cell receptor (TCR) activation and costimulation provided by molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC) and their counter receptors on T cells. In our previous study, the defective T cell function in LL patients was restored to a proliferating state with the release of TH1 type cytokines using mycobacterial antigen(s) with two immunomodulators (Murabutide (MDP-BE) and T cell epitope of Trat protein of Escherichia coli) by presenting the antigen in particulate form in vitro to PBMC derived from leprosy patients. This observation prompted us to study the expression of the costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD28, CD152), other accessory molecules (TCR alphabeta/gammadelta) and T cell lineage molecules (CD4+ and CD8+) during constitutive and activated state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from normal and leprosy individuals using different formulations of Mycobacterium leprae total cell wall antigen (MLCWA), Trat and MDP-BE using flow cytometric analysis. An increased surface expression of CD80, CD86 and CD28 but decreased CD152 expression was observed when PBMC of normal, BT/TT (tuberculoid) and BL/LL (lepromatous) patients were stimulated in vitro with MLCWA+MDP-BE+Trat peptide using liposomal mode of antigen delivery, while opposite results were obtained with the antigen alone. Antibody inhibition study using antihuman CD80 or CD86 completely abolished the T cell lymphoproliferation, thereby reconfirming the importance of these costimulatory molecules during T cell activation/differentiation. Though the liposome-entrapped antigen formulation has no effect on expression of alphabeta/gammadelta T cell receptor, the constitutive levels of TCR gammadelta were high in lepromatous patients. Thus, TCR bearing gammadelta appears to have a negligible regulatory role in peripheral blood of leprosy patients. The percentage of cells positive for CD4+ are increased in inducible state in all the three groups, while CD8+-positive cells were decreased in LL patients, thereby reconfirming the fact that priming of CD4+ cells are necessary for producing final effector functions. Lastly, intracellular cytokine staining experiment indicated that CD4+ cells are the major producers of IFN-gamma but not NK cells. The study highlights the reversal of T cell anergy especially in lepromatous patients through the modulation of costimulatory molecule expression under the influence of Th1 cytokines, i.e., IL-2 and IFNgamma.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/analogs & derivatives
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/pharmacology
- CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Escherichia coli Proteins/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Leprosy/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Mycobacterium leprae/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
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Garfias Y, Rojas-Ramos E, Jiménez MDC, Martínez-Cairo S, Chávez R, Gorocica P, Zenteno E, Lascurain R. Comparative analysis of mononuclear cell surface markers in atopic processes--a preliminary study. Immunol Invest 2003; 32:95-104. [PMID: 12722945 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120019211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atopic disorders are driven by the Th2 cell subset. We have determined the expression of costimulatory molecules and cell surface markers on peripheral CD4+ T cells and antigen presenting cells, in different atopic diseases, and we have also tried to correlate the expression of these markers with the severity of the disease. Cells from patients with atopic and contact dermatitis, mild or severe asthma, and symptomatic and non-symptomatic atopic rhinitis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that CD30, CD124, and CD152 expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in atopic dermatitis than in contact dermatitis patients (p < 0.05). It was interesting to observe that the cell surface expression of CD80 in T and B cells from atopic dermatitis patients was not enhanced as opposed to the other atopic diseases we analyzed. Our results suggest that there are differences in the immune mechanisms involved in the different atopic diseases, and that expression of CD30 in CD4+ T cells might be a marker of disease activity in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Garfias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tlalpan, México
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Okano M, Azuma M, Yoshino T, Hattori H, Nakada M, Satoskar AR, Harn DA, Nakayama E, Akagi T, Nishizaki K. Differential role of CD80 and CD86 molecules in the induction and the effector phases of allergic rhinitis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1501-7. [PMID: 11704603 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective involvement of CD80 and/or CD86 in the differentiation of T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 was seen in several diseases. In this study, we sought to determine the differential roles of CD80 and CD86 in the induction and effector phase of allergic rhinitis using Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA) as a specific Ag. Intranasal sensitization with SEA in BALB/c mice elicited a strong Th2 response including SEA-specific IgE production, nasal eosinophilia, and IL-4 and IL-5 production by nasal lymphocytes after Ag challenge. Blockade of CD80 at the induction phase significantly inhibited these manifestations, whereas no effect was observed by CD86 blockade. In contrast, the simultaneous blockade of both CD80 and CD86 during the effector phase partially inhibited IgE and IgG(1) production and nasal eosinophilia, although either blockade of CD80 or CD86 during the phase failed to inhibit these responses. Flow cytometric analysis on nasal mononuclear cells showed that CD80 but not CD86 was preferentially expressed on non-B cells by in vitro SEA stimulation in unsensitized mice. However, both CD80 and CD86 expression were significantly augmented by in vitro SEA stimulation in sensitized mice. Our results suggest the differential roles and expression of CD80 and CD86 in the development of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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