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Characterization of CD28 null T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:212-222. [PMID: 30315241 PMCID: PMC6301115 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease, with unknown etiopathogenesis and suboptimal therapeutic options. Previous reports have shown that increased T-cell numbers and CD28null phenotype is predictive of prognosis in IPF, suggesting that these cells might have a role in this disease. Flow cytometric analysis of explanted lung cellular suspensions showed a significant increase in CD8+ CD28null T cells in IPF relative to normal lung explants. Transcriptomic analysis of CD3+ T cells isolated from IPF lung explants revealed a loss of CD28-transcript expression and elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in IPF relative to normal T cells. IPF lung explant-derived T cells (enriched with CD28null T cells), but not normal donor lung CD28+ T cells induced dexamethasone-resistant lung remodeling in humanized NSG mice. Finally, CD28null T cells expressed similar CTLA4 and significantly higher levels of PD-1 proteins relative to CD28+ T cells and blockade of either proteins in humanized NSG mice, using anti-CTLA4, or anti-PD1, mAb treatment-accelerated lung fibrosis. Together, these results demonstrate that IPF CD28null T cells may promote lung fibrosis but the immune checkpoint proteins, CTLA-4 and PD-1, appears to limit this effect.
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Arcangeletti MC, Maccari C, Vescovini R, Volpi R, Giuggioli D, Sighinolfi G, De Conto F, Chezzi C, Calderaro A, Ferri C. A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis. Viruses 2018; 10:E508. [PMID: 30231575 PMCID: PMC6163388 DOI: 10.3390/v10090508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent opportunistic agent in the world population, which persists as a latent virus after a primary infection. Besides the well-established role of this agent causing severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals, more recently, HCMV has been evoked as a possible factor contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). The interplay between HCMV and immune surveillance is supposed to become unbalanced in SSc patients with expanded anti-HCMV immune responses, which are likely involved in the exacerbation of inflammatory processes. In this study, blood samples from a cohort of SSc patients vs. healthy subjects were tested for anti-HCMV immune responses (IgM, IgG antibodies, and T cells to peptide pools spanning the most immunogenic HCMV proteins). Statistically significant increase of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SSc patients vs. healthy subjects was observed. Moreover, significantly greater HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses were found in SSc patients with a longer disease duration and those with higher modified Rodnan skin scores. Given the known importance of T cells in the development of SSc and that this virus may contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases, these data support a relevant role of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SSc pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Arcangeletti
- Virology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Clara Maccari
- Virology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Volpi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Sighinolfi
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Flora De Conto
- Virology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Chezzi
- Virology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Virology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy.
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Fuschiotti P. Current perspectives on the role of CD8+ T cells in systemic sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:55-60. [PMID: 28987475 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of T cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), the role of CD8+ T cells in disease pathogenesis has not been well studied. Our work has shown that over-production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine IL-13 by peripheral blood effector/memory CD8+ T cells is critical for predisposing patients to more severe forms of cutaneous fibrosis. Moreover, IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells induce a pro-fibrotic phenotype in normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts, and exhibit a strong cytotoxic activity ex vivo. We also found that CD8+ T cells are predominantly abundant in the skin lesions of patients in the early stages of diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc compare to late-stage disease patients. Isolation of CD8+ T cells from the lesional skin of early active dcSSc patients, established that they are skin-resident, express cytolytic molecules and co-express extremely high levels of IL-13 and IFNγ. Other recent studies corroborate these findings and together strongly suggest that CD8+ T cells contribute to SSc pathogenesis through the production of high levels of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic function as well as by exhibiting a cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S709 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Ayano M, Tsukamoto H, Kohno K, Ueda N, Tanaka A, Mitoma H, Akahoshi M, Arinobu Y, Niiro H, Horiuchi T, Akashi K. Increased CD226 Expression on CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Upregulated Cytokine Production and Endothelial Cell Injury in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:892-900. [PMID: 26109642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular damage and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Because activated and oligoclonally expanded CD8(+) T cells can be detected in peripheral blood and lungs of SSc patients, effector memory CD8(+) T cells may play a critical role for organ involvement in SSc; however, the pathogenic functions of effector memory CD8(+) T cells remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed DNA microarray analysis of the sort-purified effector memory CD8(+) T cells from SSc patients and healthy controls, and showed that the expression of genes related to immune response and cell adhesion, including CD226 (also known as DNAX accessory molecule-1 [DNAM-1]), was significantly altered. Moreover, detailed analysis of CD226 revealed that CD226(high)CD8(+) T cells were increased in SSc patients (mean, 50.7%) compared with healthy controls (32.9%) and were appreciably associated with the severity of skin sclerosis and interstitial lung disease. Furthermore, CD226(+)CD8(+) T cells produced higher amount of various cytokines than CD226(-) ones, and CD226(high)CD8(+) T cells from SSc patients showed upregulated IL-13 production and positive correlation with the cytotoxic capacity of CD8(+) T cells against HUVECs. Finally, the neutralization of CD226 in CD8(+) T cells impaired costimulation, cytokine productions, and cytolysis against HUVECs. These findings indicate that upregulated CD226 expression on CD8(+) T cells reflects disease severity and is involved in SSc pathogenesis via the production of various cytokines, including profibrotic IL-13 and endothelial cell injury, and that CD226 may be a useful target in the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ayano
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Kohno
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Naoyasu Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki 880-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitoma
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Akahoshi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Clinical Education Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0836, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Rosas IO, Ren P, Avila NA, Chow CK, Franks TJ, Travis WD, McCoy JP, May RM, Wu HP, Nguyen DM, Arcos-Burgos M, MacDonald SD, Gochuico BR. Early interstitial lung disease in familial pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:698-705. [PMID: 17641157 PMCID: PMC1994234 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-254oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Identification of early, asymptomatic interstitial lung disease (ILD) in populations at risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) may improve the understanding of the natural history of IPF. OBJECTIVES To determine clinical, radiographic, physiologic, and pathologic features of asymptomatic ILD in family members of patients with familial IPF. METHODS One hundred sixty-four subjects from 18 kindreds affected with familial IPF were evaluated for ILD. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Lung biopsies were performed in six subjects with asymptomatic ILD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High-resolution computed tomography abnormalities suggesting ILD were identified in 31 (22%) of 143 asymptomatic subjects. Subjects with asymptomatic ILD were significantly younger than subjects with known familial IPF (P < 0.001) and significantly older than related subjects without lung disease (P < 0.001). A history of smoking was identified in 45% of subjects with asymptomatic ILD and in 67% of subjects with familial IPF; these percentages were significantly higher than that of related subjects without lung disease (23%) (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). Percentages of activated CD4(+) lymphocytes were significantly higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from subjects with asymptomatic ILD compared with related subjects without lung disease (P < 0.001). Lung biopsies performed in subjects with asymptomatic ILD revealed diverse histologic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic ILD in individuals at risk of developing familial IPF can be identified using high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest, especially in those with a history of smoking. Lung biopsies from individuals in this cohort with early asymptomatic lung disease demonstrate various histologic subtypes of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan O Rosas
- Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
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Shimizudani N, Murata H, Keino H, Kojo S, Nakamura H, Morishima Y, Sakamoto T, Ohtsuka M, Sekisawa K, Sumida M, Sumida T, Matsuoka T. Conserved CDR 3 region of T cell receptor BV gene in lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 129:140-9. [PMID: 12100034 PMCID: PMC1906425 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen, resulting in lung remodelling. High numbers of T cells are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPF patients, although the characteristics of these cells are yet to be determined. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of IPF, we analysed the T cell receptor (TCR) of BALF lymphocytes in three patients with IPF and three healthy subjects as control. TCR repertoire of BALF lymphocytes and T cell clonality were examined by family PCR and Southern blot analysis, and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), respectively. We observed that the TCR repertoire in the lung was heterogeneous, both in the control subjects and three patients with IPF. SSCP analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of accumulated T cell clones in BALF of two of the three patients, but not in the healthy subject. Furthermore, junctional sequence analysis showed the presence of conserved amino acid motifs (ETGRSG, LAxG, QGQ, GxQP, GRxG, VAR, PGT, GTI, GGT, TGR, LxLxQ, SGQ) in the TCR-CDR 3 region of BAL lymphocytes in patients with IPF, whereas only two amino acid motifs (VTTG, GGE) were found in the control. Our findings suggest that T cells in BALF of patients with IPF expand oligoclonally in the lung, suggesting antigen stimulation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimizudani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Chizzolini C. T lymphocyte and fibroblast interactions: the case of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis and other examples. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1999; 21:431-50. [PMID: 10945035 DOI: 10.1007/s002810000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chizzolini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, UK
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