Villous adenoma of urethra associated with tubulovillous adenoma and adenocarcinoma of rectum

Villous Adenoma Arising in the Urethra of a Female with Bladder Augmentation History: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Villous adenomas (VAs) in the female urethra are rare with only seven cases in the English literature to our knowledge. In patients with bladder augmentation cystoplasty, the neoplasia development risk increases and most of these develop in the neobladder or anastomosis line. Only two cases of VA developing from the native bladder mucosa have been reported. Physical examination of a 76-year-old female who had a history of augmentation cystoplasty revealed a caruncula-like structure protruding from the urethral meatus. The urinary USG showed that the lesion had no relation with the bladder. The lesion was excised. Microscopically, it consisted of villous structures covered with pseudostratified intestinal type epithelium. Low-grade dysplasia was present in the epithelium but high-grade dysplasia or in-situ/invasive carcinoma was not observed. Immunohistochemical study showed positivity for CK7, CK20, EMA, CEA and CDX2. The case was reported as VA of the urethra. We presented the first VA case arising in the urethra of a female patient with intestinal bladder augmentation. Excision is curative for pure VAs. Transformation to carcinoma or recurrence has not been reported. However, in one third of the cases, a malignant tumor may accompany the lesion. Therefore, all excision material should be examined carefully. Routine endoscopic follow-up should be performed in cases with bladder augmentation.

Villous adenoma coexistent with focal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of female urethral orifice: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND

Villous adenomas of the urinary tract are uncommon. They are morphologically similar to and difficult to differentiate from their counterpart in the colon. The histogenesis and malignant potential are uncertain.

CASE SUMMARY

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a mass in the urethral orifice. Gross and microscopic pathological examination was suggestive of urethral villous adenoma with focal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The whole urethra and part of the bladder were excised. No further treatment was offered. Carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, epithelial membrane antigen, and p53 protein were positive, and the ratio of Ki-67 was 60%. After follow-up at 11 mo, the patient was cured and had no recurrence.

CONCLUSION

Immunohistochemistry is important for differential diagnosis of villous adenoma of the urinary system. Complete surgical resection of the urinary tract is curative.

Concurrent tubulovillous adenoma and transitional cell carcinoma associated with diffuse gastric and intestinal metaplasia of the defunctioned ureter

Villous adenoma is a common lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, but it is rare in the ureter. Thus, as far as we know, only one case limited to this location has been described. Intestinal metaplasia of the urothelium is not rare. However, only one case of gastric metaplasia with pseudopyloric glands has been described in the literature. We here report in detail on a tubulovillous adenoma of the ureter associated with diffuse gastric and intestinal metaplasia and a concurrent primary, solid, high grade transitional cell carcinoma, with extensive clear cell change, in a 56-year-old male patient. He had undergone a left nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis twenty years earlier, and the lesions developed in the ureteric stump. To the best of our knowledge, such a combination of lesions has not been reported previously either in the ureter or in the rest of the urinary tract. The coexistence of diverse lesions in our case might represent the pluripotentiality of the urothelium in association with chronic inflammation and neoplastic induction. The present report also emphasizes the metaplastic and malignant potential of a defunctioned urothelial structure. This case is of particular interest, because these coexistent lesions arose simultaneously with an anatomically separate adenocarcinoma of the rectum (Dukes' B). The patient died 76 days after admission. The dismal prognosis of our case was determined by the advanced anatomical stage and the histological high grade of the transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter.