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Chourasia HR, Odabi AI, Owis AA, Dahas ZA, Bokhari AM, Mashyakhy M, Jabali AH. Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars and Its Relation to Maxillary Sinus in a Saudi Arabian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:35-41. [PMID: 37189010 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the root canal anatomy of maxillary second premolars, and its relation to the maxillary sinus in a Saudi Arabian population using cone-beam computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 301 patients (602 Teeth) were obtained from a Cone-beam Computed Tomography Database of the College of Dentistry, Jazan University from February 2020 to January 2022. The number of roots, root canals, and the relationship between the root apices of maxillary second premolars and the floor of the maxillary sinuses were studied. The data was recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS A majority of maxillary second premolars were single-rooted (78.74%), followed by double-rooted (20.76%) and three-rooted (0.5%). Two canals (59.1%) were seen in the majority of the examined teeth, followed by one canal (40.4%) and three canals (0.5%). The roots of the maxillary second premolars were predominantly (69.17%) outside the sinus. Nineteen percent of roots were in contact with the floor of the maxillary sinus with no significant difference between buccal and palatal roots, and around twelve percent (11.73%) of roots were inside the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSIONS The root canal system morphology of maxillary second premolars showed a wide range of anatomical variations in the Saudi Arabian population with a predominance of single roots. Most of the roots were located outside the sinus followed by in contact and then inside the sinus. Three-rooted second premolars were exceedingly rare. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The cognizance of maxillary second premolar root canal anatomy and its relation to maxillary sinus would be a valuable affirmation for dentists of different nationalities treating the Saudi Arabian population to ensure a successful endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Ramesh Chourasia
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966509795107, e-mail:
| | - Ali I Odabi
- Dental Department, Sabya General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan A Owis
- Resident in Endodontic, King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zarah A Dahas
- Resident in Endodontic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mashyakhy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Jabali
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Versiani MA, Carvalho KKT, Martins JNR, Custódio ALN, Castro MAA, Akaki E, Silva-Sousa YTCS, Sousa-Neto MD. Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three-rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: a stepwise micro-CT study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1262-1273. [PMID: 35993556 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of progressive root canal enlargements on the unprepared surface area and remaining dentine thickness of three-rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations. METHODOLOGY Thirty three-rooted maxillary first premolars with 3 root configurations (n=10) were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device. The root canals were sequentially enlarged with rotary instruments sizes 30.02 (step 1), 30.04 (step 2), and 30.06 (step 3). After each step, a new scan was taken. Analysed parameters included morphometric measurements (length, volume and surface area), number of static voxels, and minimal dentine thickness. Statistic analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey tests and paired sample t-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS No statistical differences were observed among groups regarding the morphometric parameters and static voxels (p > 0.05). The minimal dentine thickness of the distobuccal root significantly changed depending on the root configuration (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed in the other roots (p > 0.05). A great variation in the position of the minimal dentine thickness was observed after preparation. Overall, mean percentage reduction of dentine thickness was higher in the buccal roots than in the palatal root (p < 0.05). In the mesiobuccal and distobuccal root, the number of slices with minimal dentine thickness lower than 0.05 mm increases 2 to 3 times and 3 to 4 times, respectively, from steps 1 to 3. CONCLUSIONS Instruments sizes 30.02 and 30.04 can be safely and effectively used to enlarge the buccal and palatal canals of three-rooted maxillary first premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kleber K T Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jorge N R Martins
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio L N Custódio
- Department of Morphology, Biologic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maurício A A Castro
- Department of Clinic, Pathology and Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emílio Akaki
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yara T C S Silva-Sousa
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Fournier G, Maret D, Duchesne S, Telmon N, Diemer F, Savall F. Root and canal morphology of the permanent teeth in medieval and current French population. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 140:105452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aljuailan R. Root and root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in the Saudi population: A review of literature. SAUDI ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sej.sej_35_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Yoza T, Serikawa M, Sugita T, Harada T, Usami A. Cone-beam computed tomography observation of maxillary first premolar canal shapes. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:424-430. [PMID: 34465669 PMCID: PMC8693140 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of shapes has been reported for the roots and root canals of maxillary first premolars. The purposes of the present study were to determine branching and shapes of the roots of maxillary first premolars, as well as age-related changes using slice images obtained with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dental use. CBCT-reconstructed images of 125 cases that included maxillary first premolars were used as subjects. Slice images at the cervical one-third, center, and apical one-third positions of the root were prepared. Root branching and number of root canals was determined at each measurement position in the images. The subjects were divided into three groups: younger than 30 years, 30 to 50 years, and over 50 years. The root canal morphology was compared among these age groups. Single-rooted premolars were the most frequent. As for number of root canals, a single-canal premolar was observed at the position of the cervical one-third in 33.6%, at the center in 35.2%, and at the apical one-third in 56.0%. Thereafter the subjects were divided into groups by age, namely, younger than 30 years, 30 to 50 years, and over 50 years old, and it was revealed that the ratio of the two-canal type increased with age. In regard to tooth morphology, it was confirmed that the two-canal type shows more frequent occurrence with aging in maxillary first premolar. Based on our findings, we consider that CBCT can be useful for determining the root canal morphology with complicated shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yoza
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Serikawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sugita
- Department of General Odontology, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Oral Radiology and Diagnosis, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Usami
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Japan
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Al-Zubaidi SM, Almansour MI, Al Mansour NN, Alshammari AS, Alshammari AF, Altamimi YS, Madfa AA. Assessment of root morphology and canal configuration of maxillary premolars in a Saudi subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:397. [PMID: 34389013 PMCID: PMC8364052 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. METHODS The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. RESULTS Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). CONCLUSIONS The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moazzy I Almansour
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahad F Alshammari
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed S Altamimi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Madfa
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Collage of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yan Y, Li J, Zhu H, Liu J, Ren J, Zou L. CBCT evaluation of root canal morphology and anatomical relationship of root of maxillary second premolar to maxillary sinus in a western Chinese population. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:358. [PMID: 34284763 PMCID: PMC8290624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the root anatomy, root canal morphology and the anatomical relationship between the roots and maxillary sinus of maxillary second premolars by CBCT in a western Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1118 CBCT scans of the maxillary second premolars were collected from West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Information below were measured on axial, coronal and sagittal sections, recorded and evaluated properly: the number of roots and canals, the morphology of canal system classified by Vertucci standard, the inter-orifice distance of canal orifices, the curvature of each canal and the distance from root tip to maxillary sinus floor. RESULTS Among the 1118 teeth, 94.2% (1053) are single-rooted and 55.1% (616) have one canal. Type I (55.1%) is the commonest root canal morphology followed by Type II (31.9%). The mean inter-orifice distance (IOD) for multi-canal teeth ranging from 2.72 ± 0.32 to 3.41 ± 0.11 mm. Of 1622 canals, 38.8% (630) curvature are mesiodistal and 30.9% (501) are straight canals. The distance from root tip to maxillary sinus floor increased with age and the mean distance of single-rooted ones is 2.47 ± 3.45 mm. CONCLUSIONS All kinds of canal morphology category can be detected in maxillary second premolars. The IOD might be a predictable factor for root canal morphology. Roots of maxillary second premolars are related to maxillary sinus which should be treated carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - JingLin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hualing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 , China
| | - Jiayin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Buchanan GD, Gamieldien MY, Tredoux S, Vally ZI. Root and canal configurations of maxillary premolars in a South African subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography and two classification systems. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:93-97. [PMID: 31996533 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to describe the maxillary premolar anatomy of a South African subpopulation using two classification systems. A total of 601 premolars were evaluated. For each tooth, the root number and canal configurations were described using the classification systems devised by Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al. (2017). Correlations between root number and sex were determined using the chi-squared test (P = 0.05). Two roots were present in approximately half of all maxillary first premolars (54.1%, n = 171/316). The majority of maxillary second premolars displayed one root (78.2%, n = 223/285). Single-rooted maxillary second premolars were more common in females (P < 0.05). The Vertucci type IV configuration was most prevalent in the maxillary first premolars. In contrast, maxillary second premolars showed a greater tendency toward Vertucci's type I configuration. The classification proposed by Ahmed et al. indicated the most prevalent maxillary first premolar configuration to be 2MP B1P1. The most common configuration among the maxillary second premolars was 1 MP1. Diverse root and canal anatomical presentations were found in this subpopulation. Both classification systems adequately describe maxillary premolar anatomy; however, the system proposed by Ahmed et al. may more accurately describe complex teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glynn D Buchanan
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria
| | - Mohamed Y Gamieldien
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria
| | - Sheree Tredoux
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria
| | - Zunaid I Vally
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria
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Yeh CS, Wong WB, Kan WYW, Tu MG. Root canal treatment of a three-rooted maxillary second premolar. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:95-97. [PMID: 30895030 PMCID: PMC6395193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful root canal treatment relies on correct access cavity preparation, sufficient cleaning, adequate shaping, and complete obturation. Prior to these, location of all existing canals in the tooth plays an important part in the initial treatment procedures. While most teeth have a normal morphology, we should recognize that variations do exist. Normal maxillary second premolars have one or two root canals. Maxillary second premolars are less likely to have three canals. To date, only a few cases of maxillary second premolars with three roots (and three canals) have been reported in the literature. This case presentation reports a 20-year-old female who had three root canals in a maxillary second premolar, which underwent endodontic treatment at a teaching hospital in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuo Yeh
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bing Wong
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Yu-Wei Kan
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Gene Tu
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bansal P, Nikhil V, Goyal A, Singh R. Four cuspal maxillary second premolar with single root and three root canals: Case report. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:373-6. [PMID: 27563190 PMCID: PMC4979288 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.186455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional configuration of maxillary second premolars has been described to have two cusps, one root and one or two root canals. The endodontic literature reports considerable anatomic aberrations in the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolar but the literature available on the variation in cuspal anatomy and its relationship to the root canal anatomy is sparse. The purpose of this clinical report was to describe the root and root canal configuration of a maxillary second premolar with four cusps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Nikhil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Goyal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mohammadi Z, Shalavi S, Giardino L, Asgary S. Endodontic Considerations in Three-canalled Premolars: A Practical Update. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:134-7. [PMID: 27141223 PMCID: PMC4841350 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most difficult clinical considertions in orthograde root canal treatment are generally related to the anatomy of the teeth. Three-canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars (mini-molars) have been reported in several studies. The purpose of this paper was to review various aspects of three-canalled premolars including incidence, clinical and radiographic diagnosis, racial predisposition, access cavity preparation, instrumentation and obturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ; Iranian National Elites Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Luciano Giardino
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Dental School, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Mohammadi Z, Asgary S, Shalavi S, V. Abbott P. A Clinical Update on the Different Methods to Decrease the Occurrence of Missed Root Canals. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:208-13. [PMID: 27471533 PMCID: PMC4947846 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the main causes of endodontic treatment failure is the clinician's inability to localize all the root canals. Due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, missed canals are not uncommon. There are several strategies to decrease the possibility of missed root canals starting with good pre-operative radiographies. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional radiographies, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be considered. A correct access cavity preparation is of pivotal importance in localizing the orifices of the root canals. Furthermore, ultrasonics are very important devices to find missed canals. Increasing magnification and illumination enhance the possibility of finding all root canals during root canal treatment. The purpose of the present paper was to review all of the above techniques and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Iranian National Elite Foundation, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | | | - Paul V. Abbott
- School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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13
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Ahmad IA, Alenezi MA. Root and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars: A Literature Review and Clinical Considerations. J Endod 2016; 42:861-72. [PMID: 27106718 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sound knowledge of the external and internal morphology of the different teeth groups is essential to ensure a successful outcome of root canal treatment. The aims of this study were to review the available literature with respect to the root and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars and discuss the clinical considerations of this morphology on the various dental procedures. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant literature. The identified publications were classified into anatomic studies and clinical case reports. The data extracted from anatomic studies were tabulated, and weighted averages for certain internal and external morphologic features were calculated. The anatomic and developmental variations in the clinical case reports were summarized. RESULTS A total of 92 studies (45 anatomic studies and 47 case reports) including a total of 11,299 teeth were identified. The majority of maxillary first premolars had 1 root (41.7%) or 2 roots (56.6%). Regardless of the number of roots, the vast majority (86.6%) had 2 root canals, with type IV (2-2) being the most common canal configuration (64.8%). The majority of the apical foramina (66.6%) did not coincide with the apical root tip. About 38% of the teeth had lateral canals, 12.3% had apical deltas, and 16.0% had isthmi. The clinical case reports showed that the 3-rooted variant was the most common anatomic variation, and developmental anomalies were rarely reported. CONCLUSIONS The maxillary first premolars are predominantly 2-rooted teeth with 2 root canals. However, the clinician should be aware about the possible anatomic variations of these teeth and their relationship with the adjacent anatomic structures while planning and performing endodontic, restorative, periodontal, and surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ali Ahmad
- Dentistry Department, Al-Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al-Wakra, Qatar.
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Alenezi
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Cone-beam Computed Tomography Analysis of the Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Premolars in a Spanish Population. J Endod 2015; 41:1241-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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The number of roots and canals in the maxillary second premolars in a group of jordanian population. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:797692. [PMID: 25530761 PMCID: PMC4235517 DOI: 10.1155/2014/797692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of roots and root canals in the maxillary second premolar in a group of Jordanian population. Materials and Methods. A total of 217 patients, 100 female (46%) and 117 male (54%), received root canal treatment of maxillary second premolar from January 2012 to January 2014. The mean age of the patients was 32.7, ranging from 18 to 60 years. The teeth included in the study were examined clinically and radiographically for the number of roots and root canals using magnifying loupes. Results. Out of the total of 217 maxillary second premolars, 120 teeth had one root (55.3%), 96 teeth had two roots (44.2%), and one tooth had three roots (0.46%). Regarding root canal configuration, 30 teeth (13.8%) had one canal, 54 teeth (24.9%) had two canals shared in one apical foramen, 132 teeth (60.8%) had two canals with two separate apical foramina, and one tooth (0.46%) had three canals with separate apical foramina. Conclusion. The incidence of two canals (either with shared or separate apical foramina) is very high in the maxillary second premolars in Jordanian population; therefore inspection should be done for the presence of second canal whenever endodontic treatment is planned for this tooth.
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George GK, Varghese AM, Devadathan A. Root canal treatment of a maxillary second premolar with two palatal roots: A case report. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:290-2. [PMID: 24944457 PMCID: PMC4056405 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical variations in root canal morphology are an enigma and it is this variability, which is often a complicating factor in a successful root canal treatment. To achieve success in endodontic therapy it is imperative that all the canals are located, cleaned and shaped and obturated three dimensionally. Maxillary first premolar having three separate roots has an incidence of 0.5-6%. Even rarer are reported clinical case reports of maxillary second premolar with three separate roots and three canals. This case report describes the endodontic management of maxillary second premolar with two palatal roots and one buccal root having three root canals
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Affiliation(s)
- Gingu Koshy George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Mary Varghese
- Department of Orthodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Aravindan Devadathan
- Department of Orthodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Endodontic Treatment of Bilateral Maxillary First Premolars with Three Roots Using CBCT: A Case Report. Case Rep Dent 2014; 2014:505676. [PMID: 24715995 PMCID: PMC3970086 DOI: 10.1155/2014/505676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the determining factors for the success of endodontic therapy is understanding the morphological anatomy of the tooth structure and its variants in relation to its template anatomy. The internal anatomy of maxillary first premolars is particularly complex due to their variation in number of roots and canal configuration. However, the bilateral presence of three roots in a maxillary first premolar is of rare occurrence. This case report describes the unusual anatomy bilaterally detected in maxillary first premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.
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Yang L, Chen X, Tian C, Han T, Wang Y. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root canal morphology and locate root canal orifices of maxillary second premolars in a Chinese subpopulation. J Endod 2014; 40:630-4. [PMID: 24767555 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate root canal morphology and locate root canal orifices of maxillary second premolars in a Chinese subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. METHODS A total of 392 cone-beam computed tomographic images of maxillary second premolars were obtained from 238 patients who required a preoperative assessment for implant surgery or orthodontic treatment. The number of roots and root canals and root canal configuration were investigated and categorized using Vertucci's criteria. The distance between the root canal orifice and the anatomic apex and the distance between root canal orifices in those teeth with 2 root canals were measured and evaluated. The Fisher exact test was used to analyze the correlation between the number of roots and sex. RESULTS Among the 392 teeth, 86.5% (n = 339) had 1 root; 45.4% (n = 178) of the teeth had 1 root canal, and 54.3% (n = 213) had 2 root canals that ranged from type II-type V. The majority of teeth with 2 root canals showed a type IV canal configuration (n = 79, 20.2%) followed by type II (n = 64, 16.3%), type III (n = 45, 11.4%), and type V (n = 25, 6.4%). Only 1 tooth had 3 root canals. No significant difference was found between the number of roots and sex (P > .05). Among the 213 teeth with 2 root canals, the most frequent distribution of the distance between the root canal orifice and the anatomic apex was 5-10 mm (n = 157). The distance between the 2 orifices of 189 teeth was 1-4 mm. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of teeth with 2 root canals was high in maxillary second premolars. The internal morphology of teeth with 2 root canals was variable. This study provided useful information about the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolars in a Chinese subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, China.
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Mohammadi Z, Shalavi S, Jafarzadeh H. Extra roots and root canals in premolar and molar teeth: review of an endodontic challenge. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:980-6. [PMID: 24685809 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of endodontic treatment is healing of the periapical tissues which are gained by elimination of bacteria and their byproducts from the canal and prevention from reinfection. Understanding of root canal anatomy is an essential part in endodontic treatment. Anatomic forms and variations in special teeth should be well known, one of them is extra roots/ canals. Although possible aberrations of canal anatomy should be considered for all teeth, some teeth should be highlighted. This review addresses the prevalence, diagnosis (clinical and radiographic), and endodontic management of teeth with extra roots/canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, e-mail: and
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Moore NC, Skinner MM, Hublin JJ. Premolar root morphology and metric variation inPan troglodytes verus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:632-46. [PMID: 23460305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Collin Moore
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig; Germany
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig; Germany
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Radiographic assessment of the technical quality and periapical health of root-filled teeth performed by general practitioners in a Turkish subpopulation. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:514841. [PMID: 23431255 PMCID: PMC3574741 DOI: 10.1155/2013/514841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of radiographs the technical quality of root fillings performed by dental practitioners. Methods and Material. Standardized periapical radiographs were made on 484 patients who received endodontic treatment in private practice. A total of 831 endodontically treated teeth with 1448 roots were evaluated for technical quality of the root canal filling and the periapical status of the teeth. Also, the apical status of each root-filled tooth was assessed according to the length, density, and taper of root fillings, and the presence of apical transportation, broken root instruments, and overfilled sealer or gutta-percha material was recorded for each root canal. Results. Of the endodontically treated teeth 26.6% had healthy periapical tissues, while technically good endodontic treatment constituted 12.8%. Based on the treatment success, there was no significant difference between the tooth groups. Statistical analysis of the data did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the various parameters that were evaluated (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Technical quality of root fillings in a population who received treatment in private practice was poor and was consistent with a low prevalence of apical health. The probable reasons for this failure are multifactorial and may be improved if the operators improve their skills with continuing postgraduate education programs.
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Endodontic Treatment of Maxillary Premolar with Three Root Canals Using Optical Microscope and NiTi Rotatory Files System. Case Rep Dent 2013; 2013:710408. [PMID: 24367728 PMCID: PMC3866843 DOI: 10.1155/2013/710408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to report a clinical case of endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with three root canals using an optical microscope and rotary instrumentation technique. The main complaint of the patient, a 16-year-old girl, was pain in tooth 14. After clinical and radiographic examination, irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed. An alteration in the middle third of the pulp chamber radiographically observed suggested the presence of three root canals. Pulp chamber access and initial catheterization using size number 10 K-files were performed. The optical microscope and radiographic examination were used to confirm the presence of three root canals. PathFiles #13, #16, and #19 were used to perform catheterization and ProTaper files S1 and S2 for cervical preparation. Apical preparation was performed using F1 file in the buccal canals and F2 in the palatal canal up to the working length. The root canals were filled with Endofill sealer by thermal compaction technique using McSpadden #50. The case has been receiving follow-up for 12 months and no painful symptomatology or periapical lesions have been found. The use of technological tools was able to assist the endodontic treatment of teeth with complex internal anatomy, such as three-canal premolars.
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A retrospective study on the influence of maxillary canine impaction on premolar root morphology. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:943-8. [PMID: 22777391 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The root morphology of the maxillary first premolar differs from the other premolars by presenting a high incidence of separated roots. This study addressed the spatial conditions during root development as a possible influencing factor. Therefore, maxillary computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with regularly erupted or impacted permanent canines were evaluated on the root morphology of the premolars. METHODS The following parameters were retrospectively analysed in 250 maxillary CT scans (100 patients with regular erupted permanent canines, 150 patients with at least one impacted permanent canine): sex, status of the canines (erupted/impacted), position of the impacted canines (buccal/palatal; vertically inclined inside/outside the dental arch/horizontally inclined) and root morphology of the premolars. RESULTS Of the patients, 68% with at least one impacted canine were female; the canine was impacted palatally in 75.6% and in a horizontally inclined position in 58.4%. In patients with an impacted canine, the number of first and second premolars with separated roots was significantly reduced on the ipsilateral as well as on the contralateral side (all p values < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study detected an influence of maxillary canine impaction on the root morphology of all premolars, in that impaction and the associated surplus of space resulted in decreased root separation. This supports the hypothesis that root development is at least partly influenced by increased spatial conditions of the dental arch. However, root development can be regarded as a multifactorial event, influenced by space, direct mechanical interferences, as well as genetic predetermination. The retrospective nature of this observational study did not allow for conclusive differentiation between these factors. Alternatively, root separation and the mesial concavity of the first premolar may represent a path for canine eruption similar to the lateral incisor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A single-rooted maxillary first premolar might represent an additional risk factor for canine impaction.
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Tian YY, Guo B, Zhang R, Yu X, Wang H, Hu T, Dummer PMH. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese subpopulation evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2012; 45:996-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arambawatta AKS, Peiris HRD, Nanayakkara CD. Maxillary permanent second premolar with three roots and root canals. Indian J Dent 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0975-962x(12)60007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Trattamento endodontico di un primo premolare superiore a tre canali con radice vestibolare con configurazione canalare tipo V secondo Vertucci: un caso semplice o difficile? GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Root and canal morphology of Indian maxillary premolars by a modified root canal staining technique. Odontology 2011; 99:18-21. [PMID: 21271321 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-010-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in Indians by a modified canal staining and tooth clearing technique. Maxillary first (350) and second (350) premolars were collected, and the morphology and number of roots analyzed. After cleaning, the teeth were immersed in India ink and placed in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at 0.6 MPa for 2 h. The teeth were then demineralized and cleared. Digital images of the teeth were examined under magnification to evaluate the number of root canals, root canal system configurations, number of apical foramina, and intercanal communications. Root canal configurations were identified based on Vertucci's classification and Gulabivala's additional classes. The most common root morphology of the first premolars was the classical two separate root morphology (a Caucasian trait) and that of the second premolars was a single-root morphology (a Mongoloid trait), though other morphologies such as singlerooted first premolars and three-rooted first and second premolars were also identified. A "radiculous" first premolar was identified in two samples. The buccal roots of the first premolar showed the maximum variation, the most common being type I (Vertucci's classification), followed by type IV. The highest incidence of intercanal communications was found in the single-rooted first premolars. All roots exhibiting type IV and V canal configurations showed two separate apical foramina, while additional type 2-3 canal configurations showed three separate apical foramina. The root number and morphology as well as the canal morphology of Indian maxillary premolars showed both Mongolian and Caucasian traits.
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Blanchard SB, Almasri A, Gray JL. Periodontal-Endodontic Lesion of a Three-Rooted Maxillary Premolar: Report of a Case. J Periodontol 2010; 81:783-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Barros DB, Guerreiro Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Root canal treatment of three-rooted maxillary second premolars: report of four cases. AUST ENDOD J 2009; 35:73-7. [PMID: 19703079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2008.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the radiographic, clinical and anatomic findings in maxillary second premolars. This paper reports the endodontic treatment of two cases of three-rooted three-canal maxillary second premolars in different patients, and two sound maxillary second premolars also with three canals and three independent roots in a sibling of one of the patients. Although the presence of maxillary second premolars with one or two canals and one root is much more common, other anatomic conditions can be found. A correct clinical and radiographic diagnosis based on knowledge of root canal anatomy and critical interpretation of radiographs is necessary for a safer and successful endodontic treatment of these teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Barbosa Barros
- Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gorduysus O, Nagas E, Cehreli ZC, Gorduysus M, Yilmaz Z. Localization of root canal orifices in mandibular second molars in relation to occlusal dimension. Int Endod J 2009; 42:973-7. [PMID: 19619227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the localization and distribution of canal orifices of mandibular second molar teeth in relation to the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions of coronal tissue. METHODOLOGY Fifty extracted mandibular second molar teeth were embedded into plaster blocks with their vertical axes aligned perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The teeth were photographed digitally from the occlusal aspect under 12 x magnification. Thereafter, the occlusal halves of crowns were sectioned off to expose the root canal orifices. The teeth were than photographed under the same magnification, after which the pre- and post-sectioning images of each specimen were stacked into a single file. To plot the coordinate of each canal orifice, a 0.5-mm grid analytical plane was mounted digitally on the stack so that the x- and y-axes of the plane were superimposed on the mesiodistal and buccolingual axes (bisectors) of the tooth crowns. Localization and distribution of the coordinates of the canal orifices were evaluated using the chi-square test (P = 0.05). RESULTS Only one tooth displayed a single root canal orifice, located in the mesiobuccal-distolingual 'centre' of the occlusal surface. The majority of mandibular second molars had three orifices (72%), followed by those with two (16%) and four (10%). The distal canal was located lingual to the centre of the occlusal plane. CONCLUSION The distal canal was located lingual to the centre of the occlusal plane of mandibular second molars. The possibility of observing more divergent localizations and orifice numbers should not be overlooked in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gorduysus
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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[Root canal treatment of mandibular second premolar tooth with taurodontism]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2008; 136:280-3. [PMID: 18792626 DOI: 10.2298/sarh0806280v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taurodontism is a morphoanatomical change in the shape of a tooth. An enlarged body of a tooth with smaller than usual roots is a characteristic feature. Internal tooth anatomy correlates with this appearance, which means that a taurodontal tooth has a large pulp chamber and apically positioned furcations. This dental anomaly may be associated with different syndromes and congenital discoders. CASE OUTLINE The case report presents the patient of a rare case of taurodontism in the mandibular second premolar with chronic periodontitis. Endodontic treatment was performed after dental history and clinical examination. Special care is required in all segments of endodontic treatment of a taurodontal tooth from the identification orifice, canal exploration, determining working length, cleaning and shaping and obturation of the root canal. Precurved K-file was used for canal exploration and location of the furcation. One mesial and one distal canal with the buccal position were identified in the apical third of the root canal. The working lengths of two canals were determined by radiographic interpretation with two K-files in each canal and verified with the apex locator. During canal instrumentation, the third canal was located in the disto-lingual position. The working length of the third canal was established using the apex locator. CONCLUSION Thorough knowledge of tooth anatomy and its variations can lead to lower percentage of endodontic failure. Each clinical case involving these teeth should be investigated carefully, clinically and radiographically to detect additional root canals. High quality radiographs from different angles and proper instrumentarium improve the quality of endodontic procedure.
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Javidi M, Zarei M, Vatanpour M. Endodontic treatment of a radiculous maxillary premolar: a case report. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:99-102. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.50.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Sunay H, Tanalp J, Dikbas I, Bayirli G. Cross-sectional evaluation of the periapical status and quality of root canal treatment in a selected population of urban Turkish adults. Int Endod J 2007; 40:139-45. [PMID: 17229120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of root canal treatment in an adult Turkish population who visited a university dental clinic. SUMMARY The periapical status of 8863 teeth belonging to 375 patients was evaluated by two pre-calibrated observers from panoramic radiographs. The presence of apical periodontitis, and the prevalence and quality of root fillings were recorded. The relationship between the radiographic quality of root fillings and apical periodontitis was examined by chi-squared statistical-analysis. Of 8863 teeth, 470 (5.3%) had undergone root canal treatment. Forty-seven per cent of all the subjects had at least one root-filled tooth. Periapical radiolucencies were visible on 4.2% of teeth examined, with 53.5% of root-filled teeth presenting apical periodontitis. Ninety-one per cent of root-filled teeth with periapical pathosis were determined to have inadequate root fillings. A statistically significant correlation was found between the quality of root fillings and the presence of apical periodontitis (P < 0.05). KEY LEARNING POINTS The radiographic quality of root fillings correlated with periapical radiographic signs of pathosis in a selected population of Turkish adults. There is a need to improve the standards of root canal treatment in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sunay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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CANTATORE GIUSEPPE, BERUTTI ELIO, CASTELLUCCI ARNALDO. Missed anatomy: frequency and clinical impact. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2009.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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