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Barbosa AFA, de Lima CO, Antunes BR, Sassone LM, Versiani MA, da Silva EJNL. Effect of the progressive taper enlargement of buccal root canals of three-rooted maxillary molars: A stepwise micro-CT study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:700-710. [PMID: 37489612 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated unprepared canal areas, volume of dentine removal, and dentine thickness after the progressive enlargement of the buccal canals of 22 maxillary molars, with and without the MB2, using instruments with the same tip size (0.25 mm) but 4 different tapers (0.03, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.08 v). Micro-CT scans were performed after each instrument. Data were compared using a general linear mixed model post hoc comparisons with Kenward-Roger for Wald F tests (α = 5%). After each treatment step, it was observed an increase in the percentage volume of removed dentine and a decrease in the unprepared areas and dentine thickness at the pericervical region of all canals (p < 0.05). The percentage reduction of dentine thickness in MB2 canal was higher than in the mesiobuccal and distobuccal canals (p < 0.05). Knowledge of pre-operative dimensions and dentine thickness before enlargement of buccal canals of maxillary molars is an important factor to avoid excessive dentine removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Almeida Barbosa
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Lima
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Rempto Antunes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
- Departament of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Keskin C, Toplu D, Keleş A. Dentine thickness in maxillary fused molars depends on the fusion type: An ex vivo micro-computed tomography study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:637-646. [PMID: 36637890 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to determine and compare the dentine thickness around the root canals of maxillary molars with fusion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODOLOGY A total of 120 fused maxillary molars having more than a single canal with distinct canal orifices near the cementoenamel junction were selected from a pool of extracted maxillary molars, which were scanned on a micro-CT device (SkyScan 1172, Bruker-microCT). The minimum dentine thickness around the root canals in furcal direction was measured using CTAn software (v.1.18.8 Bruker-microCT) at each millimetre. The specimens were grouped according to their fusion type, and dentine thickness around the canals was compared. The data were statistically analysed using anova and post hoc Tukey-Kramer tests following an assessment of the normality of their distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p < .05). RESULTS Dentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 (p < .05), while those of distobuccal and palatal canals were significantly thinner in type 3 fusion compared with type 1 or 6 (pDentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 ( CONCLUSION: Minimum dentine thickness values at the danger zone of distobuccal and palatal canals change according to the fusion type in fused maxillary second molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangül Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Defne Toplu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ali Keleş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Versiani MA, Carvalho KKT, Martins JNR, Custódio ALN, Castro MAA, Akaki E, Silva-Sousa YTCS, Sousa-Neto MD. Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three-rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: a stepwise micro-CT study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1262-1273. [PMID: 35993556 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of progressive root canal enlargements on the unprepared surface area and remaining dentine thickness of three-rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations. METHODOLOGY Thirty three-rooted maxillary first premolars with 3 root configurations (n=10) were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device. The root canals were sequentially enlarged with rotary instruments sizes 30.02 (step 1), 30.04 (step 2), and 30.06 (step 3). After each step, a new scan was taken. Analysed parameters included morphometric measurements (length, volume and surface area), number of static voxels, and minimal dentine thickness. Statistic analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey tests and paired sample t-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS No statistical differences were observed among groups regarding the morphometric parameters and static voxels (p > 0.05). The minimal dentine thickness of the distobuccal root significantly changed depending on the root configuration (p < 0.05), while no differences were observed in the other roots (p > 0.05). A great variation in the position of the minimal dentine thickness was observed after preparation. Overall, mean percentage reduction of dentine thickness was higher in the buccal roots than in the palatal root (p < 0.05). In the mesiobuccal and distobuccal root, the number of slices with minimal dentine thickness lower than 0.05 mm increases 2 to 3 times and 3 to 4 times, respectively, from steps 1 to 3. CONCLUSIONS Instruments sizes 30.02 and 30.04 can be safely and effectively used to enlarge the buccal and palatal canals of three-rooted maxillary first premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kleber K T Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jorge N R Martins
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio L N Custódio
- Department of Morphology, Biologic Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maurício A A Castro
- Department of Clinic, Pathology and Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emílio Akaki
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yara T C S Silva-Sousa
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sierra-Cristancho A, González-Osuna L, Balanta-Melo J, Cafferata EA, Rojas C, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Carvajal P, Vernal R. A micro-CT analysis of radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals: Identification of potential danger zones. Int Endod J 2022; 55:672-684. [PMID: 35344612 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the radicular dentine thickness in mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals, in order to identify the canal walls with less thickness as potential danger zones. In addition, to describe the internal and external anatomical characteristics of these teeth and to associate them to the dentine thickness. METHODOLOGY A total of 70 mandibular first premolars presenting C-shaped root canals were examined. Their internal morphology was analyzed using Vertucci´s and Fan´s criteria, and their external morphology was analyzed using the ASUDAS score. Besides, the dentine thickness around the root canals was two/three-dimensionally determined at five root planes and quantified in the distal and the mesial aspects. RESULTS According to Fan´s, ASUDAS, and Vertucci´s classifications, the most common canal configurations were category C3, grade 3, and type V, respectively. In Vertucci's type III anatomy, the mesial root wall of the lingual canal showed significantly less dentine thickness than the distal wall in the middle plane (p = 0.031). Similarly, in Vertucci's type V anatomy, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial root wall of the buccal and lingual canals in the middle plane (p < 0.001) and the buccal canal in the middle-apical plane (p = 0.014) than the distal root wall of these canals. In teeth with ASUDAS grade 3 and 4 scores, significantly less dentine thickness was observed in the mesial in comparison with the distal root wall of these canals. These differences were demonstrated in the middle and middle-apical planes (p < 0.001) of grade 3 teeth and the middle-apical plane (p < 0.001) of grade 4 teeth. In these root planes, the Ver1-AS3 and VerV-AS3 combinations presented a 4-times greater risk of presenting walls with a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm (OR=4, p = 0.025) than the combinations Ver1-AS2, VerV-AS2, VerV-AS4, and VerIII-AS3. CONCLUSIONS The root canal system configuration of mandibular first premolars with C-shaped canals showed a wide range of anatomical variations. The lowest dentine thickness was located in the mesial wall of the canals in the middle and apical root thirds of Vertucci´s type III and V anatomies and in teeth with deep radicular grooves scored as ASUDAS grade 3 and 4. In the middle and middle-apical planes, the presence of the combinations Ver1-AS3 and VerV-AS3 showed a high risk of presenting a critical dentine thickness of 0.6 mm. Therefore, these root canal walls with less dentine thickness represent potential instrumentation danger zones in mandibular first premolars with C-shaped canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - L González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Balanta-Melo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - E A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima
| | - C Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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de Carvalho KKT, Petean IBF, Silva-Sousa AC, de Camargo RV, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Silva-Sousa YTC, Sousa-Neto MD. Impact of several NiTi-thermally treated instrumentation systems on biomechanical preparation of curved root canals in extracted mandibular molars. Int Endod J 2022; 55:124-136. [PMID: 34687053 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the shaping ability of several heat-treated nickel-titanium systems used to prepare root canals with moderate and severe curvature, in extracted mandibular molars, by micro-computed tomography, considering their variation in kinematics and design. METHODOLOGY Curved-mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly selected and assigned into 4 balanced experimental groups (n = 10), established by determining homogeneous 3D parameters of volume and surface area: R-Motion (RM) size 30, 0.04 taper (RM; FKG Dentaire), Reciproc Blue (RCB) size 25, 0.08 taper (RCB; VDW GmbH), HyFlex CM (HFX) size 30, 0.04 taper (HFX; Coltène Whaledent) and XP-endo Shaper size (XPS) 30, 0.01 taper (XPS; FKG Dentaire). The volume of irrigation was established at 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCl. Throughout the entire root canal preparation procedures, the samples were fixed in a vice submerged in a container with water monitored at 37°C. Dimensional cross-sectional measures of area, perimeter, roundness, major/minor diameters and 3-dimensional (volume, surface area, structure model index - SMI) parameters as well as the smallest dentine thickness along the cervical and middle root thirds were evaluated by micro-CT. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Reciproc Blue and XPS had significantly greater mean increases in cross-sectional area measurements, only in the middle third, when compared with RM and HFX (p < .05). RM, RCB and XPS had a similar increase in measurements of length and width of perimeter (p > .05), and HFX had significantly lower mean increases in perimeter values only when compared with XPS (p < .05). RCB and XPS had significantly greater mean increases in volume when compared with RM and HFX (p < .05). RM had a significantly lower difference in SMI after preparation, compared with RCB, HFX and XPS (p < .05). The smallest dentine thickness was observed after the use of RCB (p < .05), in the danger and safety zones. CONCLUSIONS XP-endo Shaper and RM had a shaping ability similar to that of instruments with larger tapers, achieved with less dentine removal in danger and safe zones in curved-mesial canals of extracted molar teeth treated on a laboratory benchtop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Verardino de Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva EJNL, Lima CO, Barbosa AFA, Moreira T, Souza EM, De-Deus G, Versiani MA. Influence of access cavity preparation on the dentine thickness of mesial canals of mandibular molars prepared with reciprocating instruments. Int Endod J 2021; 55:113-123. [PMID: 34601728 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of traditional and conservative access cavity preparations on the remaining dentine thickness in the coronal third of mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars prepared with reciprocating instruments using micro-computed tomography as the analytical tool. METHODOLOGY Seventy extracted mandibular molars were scanned at a pixel size of 19 μm. From this initial sample, 20 teeth were selected, pair-matched and distributed into two groups (n = 10) according to the access cavity preparation: traditional (TradAC) or conservative (ConsAC). The root canals were sequentially enlarged with Reciproc Blue R25 (size 25, 0.08v taper) and R40 (size 40, 0.06v taper) instruments. A new scan was performed and the postoperative stacks were coregistered with their respective preoperative datasets. A colour-coded cross sections of the roots were created and used to identify and measure the smallest dentine thickness related to both MB and ML canals at 1.0-mm intervals from the furcation level of up to 5 mm in the apical direction, in both mesial and distal aspects of the roots, before and after preparation. The statistical analyses were performed with paired-samples t-test, independent-samples Student T-test and Chi-Square test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS At all levels of both groups, dentine thickness before preparation was greater than after preparation (p < .05). No difference in the percentage of dentine reduction was observed between TradAC and ConsAC groups (p > .05), but a significantly greater reduction was observed to the distal aspect of the roots (p < .05). After root canal preparation, dentine thinner than 0.5 mm was observed mostly along the distal aspect of the root (10% to 15%) of the MB and ML canals, with no influence of the access cavity type on its incidence to either mesial (X2 = 1.66; p = .2) or distal (X2 = 0.40; p = .5) directions. In the TradAC group, dentine thickness in most slices was greater than 1.0 mm after preparation (n = 124) whilst, in the ConsAC, it ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mm (n = 136). CONCLUSION Traditional or conservative access cavity preparation in extracted mandibular molars did not influence the remaining dentine thickness in the coronal third of mesial canals enlarged with thermomechanically treated nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Lima
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia A Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreira
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erick M Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhao, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Oral Health Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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