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Zhou G, Peng H, Wang YS, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Enhanced synergistic effects of xylitol and isothiazolones for inhibition of initial biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:255-263. [PMID: 31217374 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, formed on biotic or abiotic surfaces, can lead to serious environmental or medical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find novel antimicrobial agents to combat biofilms, or more effective combinations of existing biocides. In this study, initial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in the presence of xylitol or xylitol and isothiazolones were determined using crystal violet staining in 96-well microplates and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Xylitol and isothiazolones exhibited enhanced synergistic inhibition of initial biofilm formation, and also the structure and production of extracellular polymeric substances by P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, xylitol and isothiazolones inhibited and restored the swimming motility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, respectively. These findings show that a combination of xylitol and isothiazolones exerts pronounced antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms and may be applicable for preventing or reducing bacterial biofilms in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
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Zhou G, Peng H, Wang YS, Li CL, Shen PF, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Biological functions of nirS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 under aerobic conditions. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1757-1768. [PMID: 31512096 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Through our previous study, we found an up-regulation in the expression of nitrite reductase (nirS) in the isothiazolone-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the definitive molecular role of nirS in ascribing the resistance remained elusive. In the present study, the nirS gene was deleted from the chromosome of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and the resulting phenotypic changes of ΔnirS were studied alongside the wild-type (WT) strain under aerobic conditions. The results demonstrated a decline in the formations of biofilms but not planktonic growth by ΔnirS as compared to WT, especially in the presence of benzisothiazolinone (BIT). Meanwhile, the deletion of nirS impaired swimming motility of P. aeruginosa under the stress of BIT. To assess the influence of nirS on the transcriptome of P. aeruginosa, RNA-seq experiments comparing the ΔnirS with WT were also performed. A total of 694 genes were found to be differentially expressed in ΔnirS, of which 192 were up-regulated, while 502 were down-regulated. In addition, these differently expressed genes were noted to significantly enrich the carbon metabolism along with glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolisms. Meanwhile, results from RT-PCR suggested the contribution of mexEF-oprN to the development of BIT resistance by ΔnirS. Further, c-di-GMP was less in ΔnirS than in WT, as revealed by HPLC. Taken together, our results confirm that nirS of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 plays a role in BIT resistance along with biofilm formation and further affects several metabolic patterns under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ling Li
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Critical point analysis and biocide treatment in a microbiologically contaminated water purification system of a power plant. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wang XX, Zhang TY, Dao GH, Hu HY. Tolerance and resistance characteristics of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. LX1 to methylisothiazolinone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:200-211. [PMID: 29807280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) has been widely used to control bacterial growth in reverse osmosis (RO) systems. However, MIT's toxicity on microalgae should be determined because residual MIT is concentrated into RO concentrate (ROC) and might have a severe impact on microalgae-based ROC treatment. This study investigated the tolerance of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 to MIT and revealed the mechanism of algal growth inhibition and toxicity resistance. Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was inhibited by MIT with a half-maximal effective concentration at 72 h (72 h-EC50) of 1.00 mg/L, but the strain recovered from the inhibition when its growth was not completely inhibited. It was observed that this inhibition's effect on subsequent growth was weak, and the removal of MIT was the primary reason for the recovery. Properly increasing the initial algal density significantly shortened the adaptation time for accelerated recovery in a MIT-containing culture. Photosynthesis damage by MIT was one of the primary reasons for growth inhibition, but microalgal cell respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis were not completely inhibited, and the algae were still alive even when growth was completely inhibited, which was notably different from observations made with bacteria and fungi. The algae synthesized more chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and small molecules, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), to resist MIT poisoning. The microalgae-based process could treat the MIT-containing ROC, since MIT was added for only several hours a week in municipal wastewater reclamation RO processes, and the MIT average concentration was considerably lower than the maximum concentration that algae could tolerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Dao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Adsorption of Isothiazolone Biocides in Textile Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Powdered Activated Carbon. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang T, Wu QY, Wang WL, Chen Z, Li BT, Li A, Liu ZY, Hu HY. Self-sensitized photodegradation of benzisothiazolinone by low-pressure UV-C irradiation: Kinetics, mechanisms, and the effect of media. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Camarillo MK, Domen JK, Stringfellow WT. Physical-chemical evaluation of hydraulic fracturing chemicals in the context of produced water treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:164-174. [PMID: 27591844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is a significant waste stream that can be treated and reused; however, the removal of production chemicals-such as those added in hydraulic fracturing-must be addressed. One motivation for treating and reusing produced water is that current disposal methods-typically consisting of deep well injection and percolation in infiltration pits-are being limited. Furthermore, oil and gas production often occurs in arid regions where there is demand for new water sources. In this paper, hydraulic fracturing chemical additive data from California are used as a case study where physical-chemical and biodegradation data are summarized and used to screen for appropriate produced water treatment technologies. The data indicate that hydraulic fracturing chemicals are largely treatable; however, data are missing for 24 of the 193 chemical additives identified. More than one-third of organic chemicals have data indicating biodegradability, suggesting biological treatment would be effective. Adsorption-based methods and partitioning of chemicals into oil for subsequent separation is expected to be effective for approximately one-third of chemicals. Volatilization-based treatment methods (e.g. air stripping) will only be effective for approximately 10% of chemicals. Reverse osmosis is a good catch-all with over 70% of organic chemicals expected to be removed efficiently. Other technologies such as electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation are promising but lack demonstration. Chemicals of most concern due to prevalence, toxicity, and lack of data include propargyl alcohol, 2-mercaptoethyl alcohol, tetrakis hydroxymethyl-phosphonium sulfate, thioglycolic acid, 2-bromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, formaldehyde polymers, polymers of acrylic acid, quaternary ammonium compounds, and surfactants (e.g. ethoxylated alcohols). Future studies should examine the fate of hydraulic fracturing chemicals in produced water treatment trains to demonstrate removal and clarify interactions between upstream and downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Camarillo
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Jeremy K Domen
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - William T Stringfellow
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; Earth & Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Tang F, Hu HY, Wu QY, Tang X, Sun YX, Shi XL, Huang JJ. Effects of chemical agent injections on genotoxicity of wastewater in a microfiltration-reverse osmosis membrane process for wastewater reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:231-237. [PMID: 23770616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With combined microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process being widely used in municipal wastewater reclamation, RO concentrate with high level genotoxicity is becoming a potential risk to water environment. In this study, wastewater genotoxicity in a MF-RO process for municipal wastewater reclamation and also the effects of chemical agent injections were evaluated by SOS/umu genotoxicity test. The genotoxicity of RO concentrate ranged 500-559 μg 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide)/L and 12-22 μg 4-NQO/mg DOC, was much higher than that of RO influent. Further research suggested that Kathon biocide was a key chemical agent associated with the genotoxicity increase. Kathon biocide used in RO system was highly genotoxic in vitro and Kathon biocide retained in RO system could contribute to a higher genotoxicity of RO concentrate. Hence, treatments for biocides before discharging are necessary. Chlorination of secondary effluent could significantly decrease the genotoxicity and increasing chlorine dosage could be an efficacious method to decrease the genotoxicity of RO concentrate. According to the result of the experiment, the dosage of chlorine in dual-membrane process could be set to about 2.5 mg Cl₂/L. The effect of antiscalant (2-phosphomobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) was also investigated; it turned out to have no effect on genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR
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Laopaiboon L, Phukoetphim N, Vichitphan K, Laopaiboon P. Biodegradation of an aldehyde biocide in rotating biological contactors. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Laopaiboon L, Hall SJ, Smith RN. The effect of a quaternary ammonium biocide on the performance and characteristics of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 93:1051-8. [PMID: 12452962 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effect of a quaternary ammonium biocide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), on the treatment efficiency of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (RBCs) as well as their component biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilms were established on the RBCs and then exposed to 0-160 mg l(-)1 (p.p.m.) DDAC at a flow rate of 2.5 l h(-1). The treatment efficiency of the RBC and the microbial activity of the biofilms were markedly decreased when 40 mg l(-1) DDAC or greater were applied to the units. However, DDAC had no effect on the number of viable bacteria in the biofilms when DDAC concentrations up to 80 mg l(-1) were applied to the RBCs. No viable bacteria could be detected in the biofilm when DDAC was applied at 160 mg l(-1). Extended observation over a further 40 d with 20 and 80 mg l(-1) DDAC showed similar results in terms of chemical oxygen demand removal, ATP content and viability of biofilms compared with those values over the first 12 d of exposure. CONCLUSIONS There was at least a fourfold difference in the susceptibility of planktonic and sessile bacteria to DDAC. Cells acclimatized to DDAC did not increase their capability to degrade normal carbon sources or DDAC under the conditions used in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results show that RBCs can be used to treat effluents containing DDAC at concentrations up to 20 mg l(-1) and that 160 mg l(-1) of DDAC was required to eliminate cells in established biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Laopaiboon
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Laopaiboon L, Hall SJ, Smith RN. The effect of an aldehyde biocide on the performance and characteristics of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors. J Biotechnol 2003; 102:73-82. [PMID: 12668316 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an aldehyde biocide, glutaraldehyde, on the treatment efficiency of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (RBCs) as well as their component biofilms was studied. Biofilms were established on the RBCs and then exposed to 0-120 ppm glutaraldehyde at a flow rate of 2.5 l x h(-1). The results showed that glutaraldehyde up to 80 ppm did not cause any adverse effect on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of the RBC units, microbial activity (ATP content) of biofilms on the RBC disc and viability of the biofilms. Glutaraldehyde at 80 ppm could be almost totally removed by the units regardless of the presence of simple carbon sources. There was at least a fourfold difference in susceptibility of planktonic and sessile bacteria to glutaraldehyde. Cells acclimatized to glutaraldehyde did not increase their capability to degrade normal carbon sources or glutaraldehyde under the conditions used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Laopaiboon
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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