1
|
Weissinger SE, Georgantas NZ, Thierauf JC, Pellerin R, Gardecki E, Kühlinger S, Ritterhouse LL, Möller P, Lennerz JK. Slide-to-Slide Tissue Transfer and Array Assembly From Limited Samples for Comprehensive Molecular Profiling. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100062. [PMID: 36801639 PMCID: PMC10198954 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMA) have become an important tool in high-throughput molecular profiling of tissue samples in the translational research setting. Unfortunately, high-throughput profiling in small biopsy specimens or rare tumor samples (eg, orphan diseases or unusual tumors) is often precluded owing to limited amounts of tissue. To overcome these challenges, we devised a method that allows tissue transfer and construction of TMAs from individual 2- to 5-μm sections for subsequent molecular profiling. We named the technique slide-to-slide (STS) transfer, and it requires a series of chemical exposures (so-called xylene-methacrylate exchange) in combination with rehydrated lifting, microdissection of donor tissues into multiple small tissue fragments (methacrylate-tissue tiles), and subsequent remounting on separate recipient slides (STS array slide). We developed the STS technique by assessing the efficacy and analytical performance using the following key metrics: (a) dropout rate, (b) transfer efficacy, (c) success rates using different antigen-retrieval methods, (d) success rates of immunohistochemical stains, (e) fluorescent in situ hybridization success rates, and (f) DNA and (g) RNA extraction yields from single slides, which all functioned appropriately. The dropout rate ranged from 0.7% to 6.2%; however, we applied the same STS technique successfully to fill these dropouts ("rescue" transfer). Hematoxylin and eosin assessment of donor slides confirmed a transfer efficacy of >93%, depending on the size of the tissue (range, 76%-100%). Fluorescent in situ hybridization success rates and nucleic acid yields were comparable with those of traditional workflows. In this study, we present a quick, reliable, and cost-effective method that offers the key advantages of TMAs and other molecular techniques-even when tissue is sparse. The perspectives of this technology in biomedical sciences and clinical practice are promising, given that it allows laboratories to create more data with less tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Weissinger
- Institute of Pathology, Alb Fils Clinics GmbH, Göppingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Zeke Georgantas
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia C Thierauf
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Pellerin
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Gardecki
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lauren L Ritterhouse
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vanslembrouck B, Chen JH, Larabell C, van Hengel J. Microscopic Visualization of Cell-Cell Adhesion Complexes at Micro and Nanoscale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819534. [PMID: 35517500 PMCID: PMC9065677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in our knowledge of the morphological and functional varieties of anchoring junctions. Cell-cell adhesion contacts consist of discrete junctional structures responsible for the mechanical coupling of cytoskeletons and allow the transmission of mechanical signals across the cell collective. The three main adhesion complexes are adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Microscopy has played a fundamental role in understanding these adhesion complexes on different levels in both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the main light and electron microscopy techniques used to unravel the structure and composition of the three cell-cell contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. It functions as a guide to pick the appropriate imaging technique(s) for the adhesion complexes of interest. We also point out the latest techniques that have emerged. At the end, we discuss the problems investigators encounter during their cell-cell adhesion research using microscopic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Vanslembrouck
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
| | - Jian-hua Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Medical Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bieke Vanslembrouck, ; Jolanda van Hengel,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Idrees M, Sawant S, Karodia N, Rahman A. Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7602. [PMID: 34300053 PMCID: PMC8304105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as septicaemia. S. aureus forms a complex structure of extracellular polymeric biofilm that provides a fully secured and functional environment for the formation of microcolonies, their sustenance and recolonization of sessile cells after its dispersal. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm protects the cells against hostile conditions, i.e., changes in temperature, limitations or deprivation of nutrients and dehydration, and, more importantly, protects the cells against antibacterial drugs. Drugs are increasingly becoming partially or fully inactive against S. aureus as they are either less penetrable or totally impenetrable due to the presence of biofilms surrounding the bacterial cells. Other factors, such as evasion of innate host immune system, genome plasticity and adaptability through gene evolution and exchange of genetic material, also contribute to the ineffectiveness of antibacterial drugs. This increasing tolerance to antibiotics has contributed to the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a serious problem that has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality of human and animal populations globally, in addition to causing huge financial losses to the global economy. The purpose of this review is to highlight different aspects of S. aureus biofilm formation and its overall architecture, individual biofilm constituents, clinical implications and role in pathogenesis and drug resistance. The review also discusses different techniques used in the qualitative and quantitative investigation of S. aureus biofilm and various strategies that can be employed to inhibit and eradicate S. aureus biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayesha Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (M.I.); (S.S.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hubler MH, Gelb J, Ulm FJ. Microtexture Analysis of Gas Shale by XRM Imaging. JOURNAL OF NANOMECHANICS AND MICROMECHANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)nm.2153-5477.0000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
5
|
Nie QH, Gao LH, Cheng YQ, Huang XF, Zhang YF, Luo XD, Wang JQ, Wang YY. Hepatitis C virus infection of human cytotrophoblasts cultured in vitro. J Med Virol 2013; 84:1586-92. [PMID: 22930506 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the uterus is a significant path of vertical HCV transmission. Some studies consider vertical HCV transmission in the uterus as the result of maternal blood leakage into infant blood, whereas others theorize that HCV is transmitted by the mother to the infant through cells constituting the placenta barrier. Although trophoblasts play an important role in the placenta barrier, no definitive evidence has been presented to prove that cytotrophoblasts can be infected with HCV. The current study investigated whether or not these can be infected with HCV by conducting an experiment, in which cultured human cytotrophoblasts were infected with HCV in vitro. The results were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ultrastructural characteristic changes under an electron microscope, and immunoelectron microscopy. HCV RNA in the supernatant of the cultured medium of the infected group was intermittently detected during the 16-day incubation period using RT-PCR. Under an electron microscope, the ultrastructures of infected human cytotrophoblasts were markedly different from normal cells, demonstrating lysosomal hyperplasia, rough endoplasmic reticulum, decreased lipid droplets, presence of vacuoles, and the appearance of HCV-like particles. Using immunoelectron microscopy, HCV-like particles conjoined with golden granules were also observed. Based on the data, the current study concludes that HCV infects a human cytotrophoblast cultured in vitro; moreover, its ultrastructure changes dramatically upon infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-He Nie
- Chinese PLA Centre of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
MATSUI T, NAKAJIMA C, YAMAMOTO Y, ANDOH M, IIDA K, MURAKOSHI M, KUMANO S, WADA H. Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of the Inner Hair Cell Stereocilia by the Finite Element Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1299/jsmec.49.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuichi YAMAMOTO
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | - Masayoshi ANDOH
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | - Koji IIDA
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | | | - Shun KUMANO
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroshi WADA
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lawrence JR, Swerhone GDW, Leppard GG, Araki T, Zhang X, West MM, Hitchcock AP. Scanning transmission X-ray, laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopy mapping of the exopolymeric matrix of microbial biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5543-54. [PMID: 12957944 PMCID: PMC194976 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.9.5543-5554.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) were used to map the distribution of macromolecular subcomponents (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) of biofilm cells and matrix. The biofilms were developed from river water supplemented with methanol, and although they comprised a complex microbial community, the biofilms were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria. TEM provided the highest-resolution structural imaging, CLSM provided detailed compositional information when used in conjunction with molecular probes, and STXM provided compositional mapping of macromolecule distributions without the addition of probes. By examining exactly the same region of a sample with combinations of these techniques (STXM with CLSM and STXM with TEM), we demonstrate that this combination of multimicroscopy analysis can be used to create a detailed correlative map of biofilm structure and composition. We are using these correlative techniques to improve our understanding of the biochemical basis for biofilm organization and to assist studies intended to investigate and optimize biofilms for environmental remediation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Lawrence
- National Water Research Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 3H5.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gordon ML, Cooper G, Morin C, Araki T, Turci CC, Kaznatcheev K, Hitchcock AP. Inner-Shell Excitation Spectroscopy of the Peptide Bond: Comparison of the C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s Spectra of Glycine, Glycyl-Glycine, and Glycyl-Glycyl-Glycine. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0344390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Glyn Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Cynthia Morin
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Tohru Araki
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Cássia C. Turci
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Konstantin Kaznatcheev
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| | - Adam P. Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21910, Brazil, and Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hitchcock AP, Morin C, Heng YM, Cornelius RM, Brash JL. Towards practical soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 13:919-37. [PMID: 12463511 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320401960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is being developed as a new tool to study the surface chemical morphology and biointeractions of candidate biomaterials with emphasis on blood compatible polymers. STXM is a synchrotron based technique which provides quantitative chemical mapping at a spatial resolution of 50 nm. Chemical speciation is provided by the near edge X-ray absorption spectral (NEXAFS) signal. We show that STXM can detect proteins on soft X-ray transparent polymer thin films with monolayer sensitivity. Of great significance is the fact that measurements can be made in situ, i.e. in the presence of an overlayer of the protein solution. The strengths, limitations and future potential of STXM for studies of biomaterials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Hitchcock
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4MI.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|