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Persaud SY, Carcea AG, Huang J, Korinek A, Botton GA, Newman RC. Analytical electron microscopy of a crack tip extracted from a stressed Alloy 800 sample exposed to an acid sulfate environment. Micron 2014; 61:62-9. [PMID: 24792448 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alloy 800 (Fe-21Cr-33Ni) has been found susceptible to cracking in acid sulfate environments, but the mechanism is not well understood. Alloy 800 C-ring samples were exposed to an acid sulfate environment at 315°C and cracks were found with depths in excess of 300μm after 60h. Preparation of a TEM sample containing crack tips is challenging, but the ability to perform high-resolution microscopy at the crack tip would lend insight to the mechanism of acid sulfate stress corrosion cracking (AcSCC). The lift-out technique combined with a focused ion beam sample preparation was used to extract a crack tip along the cross-section of an acid sulfate crack in an Alloy 800 C-ring. TEM elemental analysis was done using EDS and EELS which identified a duplex oxide within the crack; an inner oxide consisting of a thin 3-4nm Cr-rich oxide and an outer oxide enriched in Fe and Cr. Preliminary conclusions and hypotheses resulted with respect to the mechanism of AcSCC in Alloy 800.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Persaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - A G Carcea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - J Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - A Korinek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - G A Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - R C Newman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Zhang K, Kong H, Liu Y, Shang Y, Wu B, Liu X. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in China. Virus Genes 2014; 48:64-73. [PMID: 24150961 PMCID: PMC3909617 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a lung tumor of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). OPA is common in sheep, and it is most commonly observed in China. Without preventative vaccines and serological diagnostic tools for assay of OPA, identification of JSRV based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is very important for prevention and control measures for OPA in practice management. In this study, the diagnosis of OPA was made from analysis of clinical signs, pathological observations, JSRV-like particle discovery, and RT-PCR of the target env gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the China Shandong (SD) strain studied in this article belonged to exogenous JSRV, and it was very similar to 92k3, which was isolated from sheep in the Kenya (Y18305). The current study reported a severe outbreak of OPA in Shandong Province, China. The observations could offer a comparative view of the env gene of JSRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping No.1, Yanchangpu, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu People’s Republic of China
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Yadian B, Liu H, Wei Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Sun L, Zhao C, Liu Q, Ramanujan RV, Zhou K, Gan CL, Huang Y. Towards perfectly ordered novel ZnO/Si nano-heterojunction arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:344-348. [PMID: 23881853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a highly ordered novel ZnO/Si nano-heterojuntion array is introduced. ZnO seed layer is first deposited on the Si (P<111>) surface. The nucleation sites are then defined by patterning the surface through focused ion beam (FIB) system. The ZnO nanorods are grown on the nucleation sites through hydrothermal process. The whole fabrication process is simple, facile and offers direct control of the space, length and aspect ratio of the array. It is found that ZnO/Si nanojunctions show an improved interface when subjected to heat treatment. The recrystallization of ZnO and the tensile lattice strain of Si developed during the heating process contribute the enhancement of their photoresponses to white light. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement result of nano-heterojunction arrays with different parameters is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boluo Yadian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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Ning W, Yizhong H, Magdassi S, Mandler D, Hai L, Yi L. Formation of VO2 zero-dimensional/nanoporous layers with large supercooling effects and enhanced thermochromic properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Xia Z, Duan X, Murray D, Triffitt JT, Price AJ. A method of isolating viable chondrocytes with proliferative capacity from cryopreserved human articular cartilage. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:267-76. [PMID: 22802140 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimise methods of cryopreserving human articular cartilage (AC) tissue for the isolation of late chondrocytes. Human AC specimens from osteoarthritis patients who had undergone total knee replacement were used to optimise the chondrocyte isolation process and the choice of cryoprotective agent (CPA). For AC tissue cryopreservation, intact cored cartilage discs (5 mm diameter) and diced cartilage (0.2-1 mm cubes) from the same sized discs were step cooled and stored in liquid nitrogen for up to 48 h before chondrocyte isolation and in vitro assay of cell viability and proliferative potential. The results showed that 10 % dimethyl sulphoxide in 90 % foetal bovine serum was a successful CPA for chondrocyte cryopreservation. Compared with intact cored discs, dicing of AC tissue into 0.2-1 mm cubes significantly increased the viability and proliferative capacity of surviving chondrocytes after cryopreservation. In situ cross-section imaging using focused ion beam microscopy revealed that dicing of cored AC discs into small cubes reduced the cryo-damage to cartilage tissue matrix. In conclusion, modification of appropriate factors, such as the size of the tissue, cryoprotective agent, and isolation protocol, can allow successful isolation of viable chondrocytes with high proliferative capacity from cryopreserved human articular cartilage tissue. Further studies are required to determine whether these cells may retain cartilage differentiation capacity and provide sufficient chondrocytes for use as implants in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidao Xia
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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Lozano-Perez S. A guide on FIB preparation of samples containing stress corrosion crack tips for TEM and atom-probe analysis. Micron 2008; 39:320-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Focused ion beam and dual platform systems have, over the last 10 years, become a main stay of sample preparation for material analysis. In this article the merits of using these systems are discussed and the three main techniques used to prepare cross-section specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are both discussed and compared with emphasis being placed on the tricks that users do to make the lamellae as thin as possible and with a minimum of damage at their sidewalls. Other techniques such as serial slicing for three-dimensional reconstruction and the preparation of plan-view specimens are also summarized.
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