Effect of disinfectants containing glutaraldehyde on bonding of a tri-n-butylborane initiated resin to dentine

Sterilization of extracted human teeth: A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND

Extracted human teeth are regularly used for practice and educational purposes in dental institutions at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Different materials and methods are used for sterilizing extracted teeth to avoid infection from them.

AIMS

The present study was done to determine the efficacy of some frequently used methods for disinfection/sterilization of extracted human teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 120 intact, non-carious teeth extracted due to periodontal or orthodontic purpose were divided randomly into 8 groups consisting of 15 teeth in each group. Agents used for sterilization included 10% formalin, 0.1% thymol in distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 3% hydrogen peroxide, boiled in water (100 °C), autoclave (121 °C, 15 lbs psi), normal saline. Samples were collected with the help of inoculating loop and then streaked over the surface of Mc-Conkey agar medium and Blood agar medium. The media were then incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. No visible growth in the culture medium was considered as the method of effective sterilization.

RESULTS

10% formalin, autoclaving, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite could be efficiently used for sterilization and disinfection of extracted human teeth.

CONCLUSION

Extracted teeth should be handled with extreme care as these are potential source of infection and need to be disinfected before they are used in the laboratories.

Effect of dentin sealers on postoperative sensitivity of complete cast crowns cemented with glass ionomer cement

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the effects of pretreatments with copal/ether varnish and dentin bonding system on postoperative sensitivity of complete cast crowns cemented with glass ionomer cement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three posterior teeth with no pain symptoms were selected from each of 17 patients, totaling 51 teeth, for which a crown was indicated. Rexillium III complete cast crowns were prepared using conventional laboratory techniques. For each patient, the first tooth, which served as the control, received only glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem). Copal/ether varnish (Bosworth Copaliner) was applied to the second tooth preparation prior to cementation. Dentin bonding agent (OptiBond Solo Plus) was used on the third tooth before cementation. Sensitivity to different stimuli (cold, heat) was assessed at 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months following restorative procedures by questionnaire.

RESULTS

There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding applied stimulus and day of the study (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the postoperative sensitivity responses from 7 days to 1 month, and from 1 month to 6 months (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative sensitivity resulting from glass ionomer cement with complete cast crowns cannot be completely eliminated with the prior use of a cavity varnish or bonding agent.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp: effects of tooth preparation and adhesive application

OBJECTIVE

Studies have demonstrated that restorative procedures can initiate pulpal inflammation. Adhesion molecules on endothelial cells mediate the leukocyte-endothelium interaction, which is the fundamental event of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of human dental pulp with tooth preparation, and after the application of one-step self-etch adhesive.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty healthy human premolars and third molars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Group 1 involved sound intact teeth representing the controls. In group 2, teeth were prepared for full crown and extracted within 2h. Groups 3 and 4 comprised the teeth coated with one-step self-etch adhesive, iBond Gluma inside following the preparation and extracted after 24 and 48h, respectively. Tissue distribution and staining intensity of CAMs including E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 was investigated in the pulp samples using monoclonal antibodies and the streptavidin-biotin-horse-radish immunoperoxidase procedure. The assessment of immunohistochemical reactions was performed by two independent observers using a semi-quantitative scale.

RESULTS

All the CAMs evaluated were expressed by the healthy pulp tissues. Significant alterations in the distribution and staining intensity of CAMs were detected following tooth preparation. One-step self-etch adhesive tested in the present study induced inflammatory reactions in the pulp (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test).

CONCLUSION

It seems evident that tooth preparation for full crown and application of one-step self-etch adhesive on prepared teeth had a potential to interfere with the inflammatory response.

Prevention of postoperative tooth sensitivity: a preliminary clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically the effects of pre-treatments with a 35% hydroxyethyl metacrylate/5% glutaraldehyde dentine desensitizer (Gluma Desensitizer) and a 2% chlorexidine-based cavity disinfectant (Cav-Clean) on postoperative sensitivity. Three premolar teeth with no pain symptoms were selected from each one of 17 patients, totalling 51 teeth, for which Class II restoration using a composite was indicated. Each one of the three premolar teeth of the same patient was submitted to a different treatment. After acid etching, only a dental adhesive was applied to the first tooth, which served as the control. Gluma Desensitizer dentinal desensitizer was applied to the second premolar tooth prior to applying the dental adhesive. Cav-Clean cavity disinfectant was used on the third premolar tooth before applying the dental adhesive. Only one tooth was restored per session, and all premolar teeth were restored with a condensable composite, according to current restoration technique guidelines. Sensitivity to different stimuli (cold, heat, sweet and dental floss) was assessed on Day 1, Day 4 and Day 7 by questionnaire following restorative procedures. The results of this clinical research showed that, as far as the investigated stimuli and postoperative course are concerned, there was no statistically significant difference in the three different treatments (P>0.05). Postoperative sensitivity resulting from Class II restorations using composite resin cannot be completely eliminated with the prior use of a dentinal desensitizer or a cavity disinfectant. In day-to-day clinical treatment, postoperative sensitivity may possibly be related to the technique employed.

Influence of Dentin on the Effectiveness of Antibacterial Agents

The influence of dentin on the effectiveness of three antibacterial agents (triclosan, glutaraldehyde, NaOCl) on Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus was tested using the agar diffusion method with and without bovine dentin discs (200 mum and 500 mum thickness) placed between bacteria and test substances. The effect of 0.3% triclosan on all tester strains (100%) was reduced after passage through 500 mum dentin discs to 0% (L. acidophilus) and to 22% and 28% (S. mutans and S. sobrinus). Seal&Protect (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), a triclosan containing dental bonding agent, produced inhibition zones only against S. mutans, but no zone when applied on 200 mum dentin discs. The inhibition zones for 1% NaOCl and 5% glutaraldehyde against all tester strains were significantly increased up to 230% (glutaraldehyde) and 236% (NaOCl) when applied on dentin discs, compared to direct application (100%). Dentin may either decrease or increase the inhibitory effect of antibacterial agents.