1
|
Dos Santos VHB, de Azevedo Ximenes ECP, de Souza RAF, da Silva RPC, da Conceição Silva M, de Andrade LVM, de Souza Oliveira VM, de Melo-Júnior MR, Costa VMA, de Barros Lorena VM, de Araújo HDA, de Lima Aires A, de Azevedo Albuquerque MCP. Effects of the probiotic Bacillus cereus GM on experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:72. [PMID: 38148420 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics contribute to the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and preventing dysbiosis caused by opportunistic pathogens, such as intestinal helminths. Bacillus cereus GM obtained from Biovicerin® was cultured to obtain spores for in vivo evaluation on experimental schistosomiasis. The assay was performed for 90 days, where all animals were infected with 50 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni on the 15th day. Three experimental groups were formed, as follows: G1-saline solution from the 1st until the 90th day; G2-B. cereus GM (105 spores in 300 μL of sterile saline) from the 1st until the 90th day; and G3-B. cereus GM 35th day (onset of oviposition) until the 90th day. G2 showed a significant reduction of 43.4% of total worms, 48.8% of female worms and 42.5% of eggs in the liver tissue. In G3, the reduction was 25.2%, 29.1%, and 44% of the total number of worms, female worms, and eggs in the liver tissue, respectively. G2 and G3 showed a 25% (p < 0.001) and 22% (p < 0.001) reduction in AST levels, respectively, but ALT levels did not change. ALP levels were reduced by 23% (p < 0.001) in the G2 group, but not in the G3. The average volume of granulomas reduced (p < 0.0001) 65.2% and 46.3% in the liver tissue and 83.0% and 53.2% in the intestine, respectively, in groups G2 and G3. Th1 profile cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and IL-17 were significantly increased (p < 0.001) stimulated with B. cereus GM in groups G2 and G3. IL-4 showed significant values when the stimulus was mediated by ConA. By modulating the immune response, B. cereus GM reduced the burden of worms, improved some markers of liver function, and reduced the granulomatous inflammatory reaction in mice infected with S. mansoni, especially when administered before infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Barbosa Dos Santos
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eulália Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Ximenes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renan Andrade Fernandes de Souza
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdenia Maria de Souza Oliveira
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Vlaudia Maria Assis Costa
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos e Laboratório de Tecnologia de Biomateriais - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alves CC, Araujo N, Cassali GD, Fonseca CT. Parasitological, Pathological, and Immunological Parameters Associated with Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Reinfection in BALB/c AND C57BL/6 Mice. J Parasitol 2016; 102:336-41. [DOI: 10.1645/14-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Carvalho Alves
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neusa Araujo
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xavier AML, Tavares D, Guimarães EV, Sarro-Silva MDF, Silva AC, de Moraes Neto AHA. Ultrastructural alterations in adult Schistosoma mansoni, harbored in non-antihelminthic treated and low-inflammatory mice by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acta Trop 2014; 130:51-7. [PMID: 24161877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This original study suggests that alterations observed on tegumental structure and egg quality of adult Schistosoma mansoni harvested from TS mice are due to their high immune tolerogenic and low-inflammatory capacity. The tegument of worms harvested from genetically selected mice for extreme phenotypes of immune oral tolerance, resistance (TR) and susceptibility (TS) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Parasites recovered from TR mice showed no tegumental morphological changes. However, specimens collected from TS mice exhibited tubercle swelling with blunted and shortened spines in lower density. These tegumental alterations were similar to those described with artemether or praziquantel treatment, but without to affecting the worm surveillance, supporting observations that the host immune system influences the development and function of the tegument of worms harbored in non-antihelminthic treated TS mice. TS mice showed a higher percentage of dead eggs and a lower percentage of immature eggs than TR mice, but had similar quantities of collected eggs. This suggests that in TS mice the alterations in adult worm tegument prevented egg development, but not egg production or worm survival. These results corroborate our previous scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study indicating the influence of the host immune regulatory profile on the development and function of the worm's reproductive system and tegument.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Zhang H, Sun XJ, Zheng D, Liang YJ, Luo J, Wang Y, Zhang ZS. Murine CD8+T cell cytotoxicity against schistosomula induced by inoculation of schistosomal 22.6/26GST coupled Sepharose 4B beads. Vaccine 2012; 30:2440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
5
|
Inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α alterations in schistosomiasis: a meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1547-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Cook PC, Aynsley SA, Turner JD, Jenkins GR, Van Rooijen N, Leeto M, Brombacher F, Mountford AP. Multiple helminth infection of the skin causes lymphocyte hypo-responsiveness mediated by Th2 conditioning of dermal myeloid cells. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001323. [PMID: 21445234 PMCID: PMC3060168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the mammalian host by schistosome larvae occurs via the skin, although
nothing is known about the development of immune responses to multiple exposures of
schistosome larvae, and/or their excretory/secretory (E/S) products. Here, we show
that multiple (4x) exposures, prior to the onset of egg laying by adult worms,
modulate the skin immune response and induce CD4+ cell
hypo-responsiveness in the draining lymph node, and even modulate the formation of
hepatic egg-induced granulomas. Compared to mice exposed to a single infection (1x),
dermal cells from multiply infected mice (4x), were less able to support lymph node
cell proliferation. Analysis of dermal cells showed that the most abundant in 4x mice
were eosinophils (F4/80+MHC-II−), but they did not
impact the ability of antigen presenting cells (APC) to support lymphocyte
proliferation to parasite antigen in vitro. However, two other cell
populations from the dermal site of infection appear to have a critical role. The
first comprises arginase-1+, Ym-1+ alternatively
activated macrophage-like cells, and the second are functionally compromised
MHC-IIhi cells. Through the administration of exogenous IL-12 to
multiply infected mice, we show that these suppressive myeloid cell phenotypes form
as a consequence of events in the skin, most notably an enrichment of IL-4 and IL-13,
likely resulting from an influx of RELMα-expressing eosinophils. We further
illustrate that the development of these suppressive dermal cells is dependent upon
IL-4Rα signalling. The development of immune hypo-responsiveness to schistosome
larvae and their effect on the subsequent response to the immunopathogenic egg is
important in appreciating how immune responses to helminth infections are modulated
by repeated exposure to the infective early stages of development. Schistosomiasis is a major helminth disease that infects more than 200 million people
in the tropics. Free-swimming aquatic cercariae infect through the skin after contact
with contaminated water, and in endemic areas this can occur frequently. However,
nothing is known about how multiple exposures affects innate immunity in the skin,
and/or whether it impacts the acquired immune response. Consequently, we have
developed an infection model in the mouse to examine the immune response to multiple
infections prior to the production of eggs. We show that multiple exposures to
schistosome larvae cause lymphocyte hypo-responsiveness, partly mediated by
macrophages and dendritic cells from the skin which have a
‘down-regulated’ phenotype and are not able to act as efficient antigen
presenting cells (APCs). These regulated APCs are conditioned amongst high levels of
the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 which follow an influx of abundant eosinophils. In the
absence of the regulatory APCs, and in the absence of the common receptor chain for
IL-4 and IL-13 (i.e. IL-4Rα), lymphocyte proliferation is
restored. These findings are important in understanding how dermal immune responses
are modulated so that we can devise new strategies for vaccine delivery, or the
treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Cook
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department
of Biology, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Aynsley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department
of Biology, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D. Turner
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department
of Biology, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R. Jenkins
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department
of Biology, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrjie
Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mosiuoa Leeto
- Division of Infectious Immunology, University of
Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Infectious Immunology, University of
Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adrian P. Mountford
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department
of Biology, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xavier AML, Magalhães JAS, Cunha GDSP, Silva AC, Tavares DAG, Sarro-Silva MDF, Neto AHADM. Morphological tegument alterations of adult Schistosoma mansoni, harbored in non anti-helminthic treated, high-immune-tolerogenic and low-inflammatory mice. Acta Trop 2010; 116:95-9. [PMID: 20542008 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study exhibits original results of S. mansoni tegumental alterations due to contact with the immune system of non anti-helminthic treated mice. We compared, by SEM, the tegument of adult worms recovered from strains of mice genetically selected to extreme phenotypes of resistance (TR strain) and susceptibility (TS strain) to egg-albumin oral tolerance (OT). The parasites recovered from TR mice displayed no morphologic alteration, while specimens collected from TS mice presented tubercle swelling with blunted and shortened spines in lower density, increased sensory organelle numbers, fusion and tegumental ridge peeling. These tegument alterations were similar to those described for Artemether or Praziquantel treatment, supporting observations that the host immune system influences the development and function of the tegument of worms harbored in both anti-helminthic treated and non-treated mice. Our results are indicative that the development and function of the worm tegument depend on the immune regulatory capacity of each individual host.
Collapse
|
8
|
Faria-Pinto PD, Montesano MÂ, Jacinto AA, Santos RS, Bordin FHS, Ferreira AP, Penido MLO, Coelho PMZ, Vasconcelos EG. Antibody reactivity against potato apyrase, a protein that shares epitopes with Schistosoma mansoni ATP diphosphohydrolase isoforms, in acute and chronically infected mice, after chemotherapy and reinfection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:374-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Marcos Z Coelho
- Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Brasil; Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo QL, Qiao ZP, Zhou YD, Li XY, Zhong ZR, Yu YJ, Zhang SH, Liu M, Zheng MJ, Bian MH, Shen JL. Application of signaling protein 14-3-3 and 26 kDa glutathione-S-transferase to serological diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. Acta Trop 2009; 112:91-6. [PMID: 19560432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is currently one of the most serious parasitic diseases and over 670000 people are infected in China by the end of 2006. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene coding for Sj14-3-3 and Sj26kDa GST were cloned and expressed separately in Escherichia coli as fusion protein with His-tag. The rSj14-3-3 and 26kDa rSjGST were combinedly used as antigens for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to diagnose acute and chronic S. japonica. Our results showed that the sensitivity in diagnoses of both acute and chronic schistosomiasis was 94.4% (67/71) and 80.7% (96/119), respectively. The specificity was 94.7% applying 132 sera from people living in S. japonicum-free areas. The data also showed that the recombinant proteins cross-react with Clonorchis sinensis and hookworms at a rate of 11.8% and 5.3% respectively. Parallel tests were conducted among ELISA, indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and circular ovum precipitin test (COPT) to determine anti-S. japonicum antibodies in sera of patients with schistosomiasis, healthy control, and those infected with other parasites and the results showed no significant difference in sensitivity for acute schistosomiasis between ELISA and IHA assays (chi(2)=1.33, P>0.05), but significant between ELISA and COPT assays (chi(2)=6.72, P<0.01). Our results also revealed significant difference in positive rate between ELISA and IHA (chi(2)=24.74, P<0.005), as well as between ELISA and COPT (chi(2)=58.14, P<0.005). These results suggest that the rSj14-3-3 and r26kDa SjGST would be effective diagnostic antigens for detection of antibodies to S. japonicum in human. Due to the easy production, high sensitivity and specificity, the recombinant proteins tested in this study can be considered as candidate reagent for immunological diagnosis of human schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li GF, Wang Y, Zhang ZS, Wang XJ, Ji MJ, Zhu X, Liu F, Cai XP, Wu HW, Wu GL. Identification of immunodominant Th1-type T cell epitopes from Schistosoma japonicum 28 kDa glutathione-S-transferase, a vaccine candidate. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2005; 37:751-8. [PMID: 16270154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1-type cytokines produced by the stimulation of Th1-type epitopes derived from defined schistosome-associated antigens are correlated with the development of resistance to the parasite infection. Schistosoma mansoni 28 kDa glutathione-S-transferase (Sm28GST), a major detoxification enzyme, has been recognized as a vaccine candidate and a phase II clinical trial has been carried out. Sheep immunized with recombinant Schistosoma japonicum 28GST (Sj28GST) have shown immune protection against the parasite infection. In the present study, six candidate peptides (P1, P2, P3, P4, P7 and P8) from Sj28GST were predicted, using software, to be T cell epitopes, and peptides P5 and P6 were designed by extending five amino acids at the N-terminal and C-terminal of P1, respectively. The peptide 190-211 aa in Sj28GST corresponding to the Th1-type epitope (190-211 aa) identified from Sm28GST was selected and named P9. The nine candidate peptides were synthesized or produced as the fusion protein with thioredoxin in the pET32c(+)/BL21(DE3) system. Their capacity to induce a Th1-type response in vitro was measured using lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine detection experiments and flow cytometry. The results showed that P6 (73-86 aa) generated the strongest stimulation effect on T cells among the nine candidate peptides, and drove the highest level of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Therefore, P6 is a functional Th1-type T cell epitope that is different from that in Sm28GST, and will be useful for the development of effective vaccines which can trigger acquired immunity against S. japonicum. Moreover, our strategy of identifying the Th1-type epitope by a combination of software prediction and experimental confirmation provides a convenient and cost-saving alternative approach to previous methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ribeiro F, Mello RTD, Tavares CAP, Kusel JR, Coelho PMZ. Synergistic action of praziquantel and host specific immune response against Schistosoma mansoni at different phases of infection. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2004; 46:231-3. [PMID: 15361976 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652004000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between specific immune response to Schistosoma mansoni and praziquantel (PZQ) was studied in mice. In mice harboring concomitant immunity, 6-day-old parasites treated with PZQ were more effectively removed than 24 h treated parasites despite both had a significant worm burden reduction when compared with respective treated controls. These results show that PZQ can be effective at the skin and lung stages of parasite's development mainly acting with a established specific immune response, and particularly at the lung phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|