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Saha O, Islam MR, Rahman MS, Hoque MN, Hossain MA, Sultana M. First report from Bangladesh on genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida type B:2 in fowl cholera. Vet World 2021; 14:2527-2542. [PMID: 34840474 PMCID: PMC8613801 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2527-2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fowl cholera (FC) caused by Pasteurella multocida is a highly contagious bacterial disease of global importance for poultry production. The severity and incidence of FC caused by P. multocida may vary considerably depending on several factors associated with the host (including species and age of infected birds), the environment, and the bacterial strain. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant P. multocida strains isolated from FC outbreaks in laying hens from commercial farms of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We collected 57 samples of suspected FC, including 36 live and 21 dead laying hens. P. multocida isolates were characterized by biochemical and molecular-biological methods. Results: Twenty-two strains of P. multocida were isolated from these samples through phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strains were grouped into two distinct random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) biotypes harboring a range of pathogenic genes; exbB, ompH, ptfA, nanB, sodC, and hgbA. In this study, 90.90% and 81.82% P. multocida strains were multidrug-resistant and biofilm formers, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of the two representative RAPD phylotypes confirmed as P. multocida type B: L2:ST122, harboring a number of virulence factors-associated genes (VFGs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs). In addition, pan-genome analysis revealed 90 unique genes in the genomes of P. multocida predicted to be associated with versatile metabolic functions, pathogenicity, virulence, and AMR. Conclusion: This is first-ever report on the association of P. multocida genotype B: L2:ST122 and related VFGs and ARGs in the pathogenesis of FC in laying hens. This study also provides a genetic context for future researches on the evolutionary diversity of P. multocida strains and their host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,Vice-Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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2
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Cid D, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Pinto C, Domínguez L, Vela AI. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:489-498. [PMID: 31842595 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Cid
- 1Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal
- 1Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 2Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chris Pinto
- 1Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- 1Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 2Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Vela
- 1Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 2Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Implications for dosing regimen of enrofloxacin administered concurrently with dexamethasone in febrile buffalo calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1093-1102. [PMID: 31701397 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the influence of dexamethasone (DXM) on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of enrofloxacin (ENR) for dosage optimization following concurrent administration of ENR and DXM in febrile buffalo calves. A 2 μg/kg intravenous dosage of lipopolysaccharide derived from Escherichia coli was used to induce fever in calves. After inducing fever, ENR was administered at the dose rate of 12 mg/kg, IM followed by IM injection of DXM (0.05 mg/kg) in calves. Minor alterations in PK of ENR were observed following the administration of ENR + DXM. The PK parameters were t1/2K10 = 6.34 h, Cl/F = 0.729 L/kg/h, and MRT0-∞ = 10.5 h. Antibacterial activity (MIC, MBC, ex vivo time-kill kinetics) of ENR for P. multocida was not affected by DXM. But MPC of ENR against P. multocida was lessened in presence of DXM. Using PK-PD-modeled AUC0-24h/MIC values for bactericidal effect against P. multocida, daily dosages of ENR administered in combination with DXM were 4.02 mg/kg and 16.1 mg/kg, respectively, for MIC90s of 0.125 μg/ml and 0.50 μg/ml. A dose of 5.38 mg/kg was determined for ENR for frequently occurring P. multocida infections having ≤ MIC90 of 0.125 μg/ml and PK-PD modeled dose was comparable with the recommended ENR dose of 5 mg/kg for bovines for mild infections. It is suggested that a recommended dosage of 5-12.5 mg/kg of ENR can be used effectively in combination with DXM to treat P. multocida associated infections in buffalo calves without any risk of resistance amplification.
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López-Ochoa AJ, Sánchez-Alonso P, Vázquez-Cruz C, Horta-Valerdi G, Negrete-Abascal E, Vaca-Pacheco S, Mejía R, Pérez-Márquez M. Molecular and genetic characterization of the pOV plasmid from Pasteurella multocida and construction of an integration vector for Gallibacterium anatis. Plasmid 2019; 103:45-52. [PMID: 31022414 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pOV plasmid isolated from the Pasteurella multocida strain PMOV is a new plasmid, and its molecular characterization is important for determining its gene content and its replicative properties in Pasteurellaceae family bacteria. METHODS Antimicrobial resistance mediated by the pOV plasmid was tested in bacteria. Purified pOV plasmid DNA was used to transform E. coli DH5α and Gallibacterium anatis 12656-12, including the pBluescript II KS(-) plasmid DNA as a control for genetic transformation. The pOV plasmid was digested with EcoRI for cloning fragments into the pBluescript II KS(-) vector to obtain constructs and to determine the full DNA sequence of pOV. RESULTS The pOV plasmid is 13.5 kb in size; confers sulfonamide, streptomycin and ampicillin resistance to P. multocida PMOV; and can transform E. coli DH5α and G. anatis 12656-12. The pOV plasmid was digested for the preparation of chimeric constructs and used to transform E. coli DH5α, conferring resistance to streptomycin (plasmid pSEP3), ampicillin (pSEP4) and sulfonamide (pSEP5) on the bacteria; however, similar to pBluescript II KS(-), the chimeric plasmids did not transform G. anatis 12656-12. A 1.4 kb fragment of the streptomycin cassette from pSEP3 was amplified by PCR and used to construct pSEP7, which in turn was used to interrupt a chromosomal DNA locus of G. anatis by double homologous recombination, introducing strA-strB into the G. anatis chromosome. CONCLUSION The pOV plasmid is a wide-range, low-copy-number plasmid that is able to replicate in some gamma-proteobacteria. Part of this plasmid was integrated into the G. anatis 12656-12 chromosome. This construct may prove to be a useful tool for genetic studies of G. anatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jaqueline López-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Candelario Vázquez-Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México.
| | - Guillermo Horta-Valerdi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Erasmo Negrete-Abascal
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
| | - Sergio Vaca-Pacheco
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
| | - Ricardo Mejía
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
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Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Sayed ME, Ali AR, Abdallah HM, Arnaout MI, El-Mowalid GA. Marjoram extract down-regulates the expression of Pasteurella multocida adhesion, colonization and toxin genes: A potential mechanism for its antimicrobial activity. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:101-108. [PMID: 30711039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant microbes, natural antimicrobials from herbal origins have been given more attention as an alternative therapy. This study provides an in vitro research framework to investigate the antibacterial activities of 5 herbal (marjoram, garlic, onion, cinnamon and black seed) oil extracts against 16 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and virulent P. multocida serogroup A isolates recovered from dead and clinically diseased rabbits. Pathogenicity of the screened isolates was further proven experimentally and was verified by PCR analyses of 5 randomly selected virulence genes encoding attachment and colonization proteins (ptfA, pfhA, and omp87), sialidases (nanB) and dermonecrotoxin (toxA). A total of 12 P. multocida isolates were highly pathogenic with the possession of all examined virulence genes, while the other 4 isolates were of lower pathogenicity with expression of the target genes except toxA. In vitro anti-P. multocida activities of the 5 extracts and their synergism rates with 4 antibiotic drugs revealed that marjoram and cinnamon extracts had the highest antibacterial activities and the highest synergism rates against the screened isolates. Pasteurella multocida virulence gene expression profiles were assessed via real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in response to marjoram extract. The quantitative analyses showed less than five-fold reduction in the targeted virulence genes expression in presence of marjoram extract compared with the control. The findings from this study document a novel molecular inhibitory activity of marjoram against P. multocida multiple virulence genes and provide a proof of concept for its implementation as an alternative candidate for the treatment of pasteurellosis in farm animals in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M E El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aisha R Ali
- Department of Serology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - H M Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Arnaout
- Department of Serology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A El-Mowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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6
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Hardefeldt LY, Browning GF, Thursky KA, Gilkerson JR, Billman-Jacobe H, Stevenson MA, Bailey KE. Cross-sectional study of antimicrobials used for surgical prophylaxis by bovine veterinary practitioners in Australia. Vet Rec 2017; 181:426. [PMID: 28893972 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are widely used in veterinary practices, but there has been no investigation of antimicrobial classes used or the appropriateness of their use in bovine practice. This study investigated antimicrobial use for surgical prophylaxis in bovine practice in Australia. A cross-sectional study of veterinarian antimicrobial usage patterns was conducted using an online questionnaire. Information solicited included respondent's details, the frequency with which antimicrobials were used for specific surgical conditions (including the dose, timing and duration of therapy) and details of practice antimicrobial use policies and sources of information about antimicrobials. In total, 212 members of the Australian veterinary profession working in bovine practice completed the survey. Antimicrobials were always or frequently used by more than 75 per cent of respondents in all scenarios. Generally, antimicrobial drug choice was appropriate for the reported surgical conditions. Procaine penicillin and oxytetracycline accounted for 93 per cent of use. However, there was a wide range of doses used, with underdosing and inappropriate timing of administration being common reasons for inappropriate prophylactic treatment. There was very low use of critically important antimicrobials (3.3 per cent of antimicrobials reported). Antimicrobial use guidelines need to be developed and promoted to improve the responsible use of antimicrobials in bovine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y Hardefeldt
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Gilkerson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Billman-Jacobe
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten E Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Dorey L, Pelligand L, Cheng Z, Lees P. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of oxytetracycline for the porcine pneumonia pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:505-516. [PMID: 28090673 PMCID: PMC5600110 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration and modelling were used to predict dosage schedules of oxytetracycline for two pig pneumonia pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) were determined in broth and porcine serum. PK/PD integration established ratios of average concentration over 48 h (Cav0–48 h)/MIC of 5.87 and 0.27 μg/mL (P. multocida) and 0.70 and 0.85 μg/mL (A. pleuropneumoniae) for broth and serum MICs, respectively. PK/PD modelling of in vitro time–kill curves established broth and serum breakpoint values for area under curve (AUC0–24 h)/MIC for three levels of inhibition of growth, bacteriostasis and 3 and 4 log10 reductions in bacterial count. Doses were then predicted for each pathogen, based on Monte Carlo simulations, for: (i) bacteriostatic and bactericidal levels of kill; (ii) 50% and 90% target attainment rates (TAR); and (iii) single dosing and daily dosing at steady‐state. For 90% TAR, predicted daily doses at steady‐state for bactericidal actions were 1123 mg/kg (P. multocida) and 43 mg/kg (A. pleuropneumoniae) based on serum MICs. Lower TARs were predicted from broth MIC data; corresponding dose estimates were 95 mg/kg (P. multocida) and 34 mg/kg (A. pleuropneumoniae).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dorey
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - L Pelligand
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Z Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - P Lees
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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8
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Lees P, Illambas J, Pelligand L, Toutain PL. Comparison of standardised versus non-standardised methods for testing the in vitro potency of oxytetracycline against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Vet J 2016; 218:60-64. [PMID: 27938710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline was established for six isolates of each of the calf pneumonia pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and bacterial time-kill curves were determined in two matrices, Mueller Hinton broth (MHB) and calf serum. Geometric mean MIC ratios, serum:MHB, were 25.2:1 (M. haemolytica) and 27.4:1 (P. multocida). The degree of binding of oxytetracycline to serum protein was 52.4%. Differences between serum and broth MICs could not be accounted for by oxytetracycline binding to serum protein. In vitro time-kill data suggested a co-dependent killing action of oxytetracycline. The in vitro data indicate inhibition of the killing action of oxytetracycline by serum factor(s). The nature of the inhibition requires further study. The outcome of treatment with oxytetracycline of respiratory tract infections in calves caused by M. haemolytica and P. multocida may not be related solely to a direct killing action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lees
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - J Illambas
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - L Pelligand
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - P-L Toutain
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 23, Chemin des Capelles-BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse, France.
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RUENNARONG N, WONGPANIT K, SAKULTHAEW C, GIORGI M, KUMAGAI S, POAPOLATHEP A, POAPOLATHEP S. Dispositions of enrofloxacin and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in Thai swamp buffaloes. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:397-403. [PMID: 26596287 PMCID: PMC4829506 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the limited information available in this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ER) and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin (CP) in buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis. ER was administered intravenously (i.v.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to buffaloes at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg BW, and plasma, urine and fecal samples were collected until 48 hr post-administration. The concentrations of ER and CP in the plasma, urine and feces were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. The plasma concentrations of ER and CP could be determined up to 24 hr and 32 hr after i.v. and s.c. administrations at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg BW, respectively. CP concentrations were always lower than those of parental drug. The s.c. bioavailability of ER was 52.36 ± 4.24% and 72.12 ± 5.39% at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg BW, respectively. Both ER and CP were detectable in urine and feces up to 24 hr. ER and CP were mainly excreted via the urine. Based on the pharmacokinetic data and PK-PD indices, s.c. administration of ER at doses of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg BW might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial diseases in Thai swamp buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitwarat RUENNARONG
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kannika WONGPANIT
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-industry,
Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000,
Thailand
| | | | - Mario GIORGI
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via
Livornese (lato monte), San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Susumu KUMAGAI
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduated School of
Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Amnart POAPOLATHEP
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saranya POAPOLATHEP
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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10
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Furian TQ, Borges KA, Laviniki V, Rocha SLDS, de Almeida CN, do Nascimento VP, Salle CTP, Moraes HLDS. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry and swine. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:210-6. [PMID: 26887247 PMCID: PMC4822770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes atrophic rhinitis in swine and fowl cholera in birds, and is a secondary agent in respiratory syndromes. Pathogenesis and virulence factors involved are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to detect 22 virulence-associated genes by PCR, including capsular serogroups A, B and D genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida strains from poultry and swine. ompH, oma87, plpB, psl, exbD-tonB, fur, hgbA, nanB, sodA, sodC, ptfA were detected in more than 90% of the strains of both hosts. 91% and 92% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were classified in serogroup A. toxA and hsf-1 showed a significant association to serogroup D; pmHAS and pfhA to serogroup A. Gentamicin and amoxicillin were the most effective drugs with susceptibility higher than 97%; however, 76.79% of poultry strains and 85% of swine strains were resistant to sulphonamides. Furthermore, 19.64% and 36.58% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were multi-resistant. Virulence genes studied were not specific to a host and may be the result of horizontal transmission throughout evolution. High multidrug resistance demonstrates the need for responsible use of antimicrobials in animals intended for human consumption, in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Silvio Luis da Silveira Rocha
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Neves de Almeida
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
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11
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Ferreira TSP, Felizardo MR, de Gobbi DDS, Moreno M, Moreno AM. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles in P. multocida strains isolated from cats. Braz J Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26221117 PMCID: PMC4512071 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120140084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats are often described as carriers of Pasteurella multocida
in their oral microbiota. This agent is thought to cause pneumonia, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, gingivostomatitis, abscess and osteonecrosis in cats. Human infection with P. multocida
has been described in several cases affecting cat owners or after cat bites. In Brazil, the cat population is approximately 21 million animals and is increasing, but there are no studies of the presence of P. multocida
in the feline population or of human cases of infection associated with cats. In this study, one hundred and ninety-one healthy cats from owners and shelters in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for the presence of P. multocida
in their oral cavities. Twenty animals were positive for P. multocida
, and forty-one strains were selected and characterized by means of biochemical tests and PCR. The P. multocida
strains were tested for capsular type, virulence genes and resistance profile. A total of 75.6% (31/41) of isolates belonged to capsular type A, and 24.4% (10/41) of the isolates were untypeable. None of the strains harboured toxA, tbpA
or pfhA
genes. The frequencies of the other genes tested were variable, and the data generated were used to build a dendrogram showing the relatedness of strains, which were clustered according to origin. The most common resistance profile observed was against sulfizoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Roberta Felizardo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Dirani Sena de Gobbi
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Moreno
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Micke Moreno
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Resistencia a Antimicrobianos, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Khamesipour F, Momtaz H, Azhdary Mamoreh M. Occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from slaughter cattle in Iran. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:536. [PMID: 25352839 PMCID: PMC4196553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 30 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from 333 pneumonic and apparently health slaughter cattle were examined for capsule biosynthesis genes and 23 virulence-associated genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disc diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles among the isolates. Of the isolates, 23 belonged to capsular type A, 5 to capsular type D and two isolates were untypeable. The distribution of the capsular types in pneumonic lungs and in apparently health lungs was statistically similar. All virulence genes tested were detected among the isolates derived from pneumonic lungs; whereas isolates derived from apparently health lungs carried 16 of the 23 genes. The frequently detected genes among isolates from pneumonic lungs were exbD, hgbA, hgbB, ompA, ompH, oma87, and sodC; whereas tadD, toxA, and pmHAS genes occurred less frequently. Most of the adhesins and superoxide dismutases; and all of the iron acquisition and protectin proteins occurred at significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher frequencies in isolates from pneumonic lungs. Isolates from apparently healthy lungs didn't carry the following genes; hsf-1, hsf-2, tadD, toxA, nanB, nanH, and pmHAS. One adhesion (hsf-1) and two iron acquisition (exbD and tonB) genes occurred at significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher frequencies among capA isolates. All the P. multocida isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and tetracyclines. Different proportions of the isolates were however resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, penicillin, rifampin, streptomycin, and florfenicol. Our results reveal presence of virulence factors (VFs) in P. multocida strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic bovids. A higher frequency of the factors among isolates from symptomatic study animals may suggest their role in pathogenesis of P. multocida-associated bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The results further reveal occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among some isolates. Control strategies for this pathogen, which could include development of an effective vaccine, are warranted so as to mitigate the social and economic consequences attributable to natural infections with this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faham Khamesipour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShahrekord, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hassan Momtaz, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO Box 166, Shahrekord, Iran e-mail: ;
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13
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Hosoi Y, Asai T, Koike R, Tsuyuki M, Sugiura K. Use of veterinary antimicrobial agents from 2005 to 2010 in Japan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:489-90. [PMID: 23434535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Ferreira TSP, Felizardo MR, Sena de Gobbi DD, Gomes CR, Nogueira Filsner PHDL, Moreno M, Paixão R, Pereira JDJ, Micke Moreno A. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from rabbits in Brazil. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:685028. [PMID: 22919347 PMCID: PMC3417173 DOI: 10.1100/2012/685028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is responsible for a wide range of diseases in domestic animals. In rabbits, the agent is related to nasal discharge, pneumonia, otitis media, pyometra, orchitis, abscess, and septicemia. One hundred and forty rabbits with respiratory diseases from four rabbitries in São Paulo State, Brazil were evaluated for the detection of P. multocida in their nasal cavities. A total of twenty-nine animals were positive to P. multocida isolation, and 46 strains were selected and characterized by means of biochemical tests and PCR. P. multocida strains were tested for capsular type, virulence genes, and resistance profile. A total of 45.6% (21/46) of isolates belonged to capsular type A, and 54.34% (25/46) of the isolates were untypeable. None of the strains harboured toxA or pfhA genes. The frequency of the other twenty genes tested was variable, and the data generated was used to build a dendrogram, showing the relatedness of strains, which were clustered according to origin. Resistance revealed to be more common against sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, followed by erythromycin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira
- Programa de Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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LEE KE, JEOUNG HY, LEE JY, LEE MH, CHOI HW, CHANG KS, OH YH, AN DJ. Phenotypic Characterization and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Pasteurella multocida isolated from Korean Pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:567-73. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun LEE
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young JEOUNG
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn LEE
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon LEE
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Won CHOI
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejon, 305-348, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Hee OH
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gwacheon, Gyeonggi-do, 427-070, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun AN
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, South Korea
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16
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Watanabe T, Kurata I, Hayashi C, Igarashi M, Sawa R, Takahashi Y, Akamatsu Y. The synthesis of paleic acid, an antimicrobial agent effective against Mannheimia and Pasteurella, and its structurally related derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5843-6. [PMID: 20728353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to paleic acid 1, antimicrobial agent effective against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, has been established. The absolute configuration of the secondary hydroxyl group was controlled by a catalytic asymmetric alkylation of an aldehyde using a chiral titanium sulfonamide complex and the cis double bond was installed using a Wittig reaction. This synthetic route was also applied to the preparation of structurally related analogs, which were used in structure-activity relationship studies for antibacterial activity.
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17
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Paleic acid, a fatty acid from Paenibacillus sp.: taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure determination, and anti-Mannheimia and -Pasteurella activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:519-23. [PMID: 20664607 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Paleic acid (1), an antibiotic, was obtained from a fermentation broth of Paenibacillus sp. BMK771-AF3. The compound is a fatty acid (9Z,16R)-16-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid ((R)-16-hydroxyoleic acid), whose isolation required protection of its polar functional groups. Mosher esters of paleic acid yielded information on the absolute configuration of secondary alcohol, and well-resolved (1)H NMR peaks around the double bond suggested that olefin adopted a Z geometry. Paleic acid showed potent antibacterial activity and narrow spectrum against Mannheimia haemolytica with MIC values ranging between 0.78 and 1.56 microg ml(-1).
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18
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Sellyei B, Varga Z, Szentesi-Samu K, Kaszanyitzky É, Magyar T. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from swine and poultry. Acta Vet Hung 2009; 57:357-67. [PMID: 19635708 DOI: 10.1556/avet.57.2009.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes infectious diseases in a wide range of animal species. Antimicrobial therapy is still an effective tool for treatment. Generally, P. multocida isolates are susceptible to most of the widely used commercial antimicrobial agents but their excessive and unjustified use accelerates the emergence of resistant strains. We defined the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of 56 P. multocida strains isolated from poultry (20) and swine [16 P. multocida toxin (PMT) positive and 20 PMT negative] to 16 widely applied antibiotics (apramycin, cefquinome, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, neomycin, oxolinic acid, penicillin, trimethoprim potentiated sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamide compounds, tetracycline, tulathromycin) by the disk diffusion method. The majority of the strains was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents tested. However, the resistance to sulphonamides, tetracyclines, first-generation quinolones and aminoglycosides was remarkable, and thus the use of these compounds for the treatment of infection caused by P. multocida is not recommended. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of the classical penicillin, the newer macrolide (tulathromycin), the third-generation fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) and the fourth-generation cephalosporin (cefquinome) proved to be satisfactory against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Sellyei
- 1 Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- 1 Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Éva Kaszanyitzky
- 2 Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate Central Agricultural Office Budapest Hungary
| | - Tibor Magyar
- 1 Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
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19
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Isolation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Pasteurella multocida strains from swine in China. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:951-8. [PMID: 19158260 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02029-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 233 isolates of Pasteurella multocida were obtained from 2,912 cases of clinical respiratory disease in pigs in China, giving an isolation rate of 8.0%. Serogroup A P. multocida isolates were isolated from 92 cases (39.5%), and serogroup D isolates were isolated from 128 cases (54.9%); 12 isolates (5.2%) were untypeable. P. multocida was the fourth most frequent pathogenic bacterium recovered from the respiratory tract, after Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, and Escherichia coli. All isolates were characterized for their susceptibilities to 20 antibiotics and the presence of 19 genes for virulence factors (VFs). The frequency of antimicrobial resistance among P. multocida isolates from swine in China was higher than that reported among P. multocida isolates from swine in from other countries, and 93.1% of the isolates showed multiple-drug resistance. There was a progressive increase in the rate of multiresistance to more than seven antibiotics, from 16.2% in 2003 to 62.8% in 2007. The resistance profiles suggested that cephalosporins, florfenicol, and fluoroquinolones were the drugs most likely to be active against P. multocida. Use of PCR showed that colonization factors (ptfA, fimA, and hsf-2), iron acquisition factors, sialidases (nanH), and outer membrane proteins occurred in most porcine strains. The VFs pfhA, tadD, toxA, and pmHAS were each present in <50% of strains. The various VFs exhibited distinctive associations with serogroups: concentrated in serogroup A, concentrated in serogroup D, or occurring jointly in serogroups A and D. These findings provide novel insights into the epidemiological characteristics of porcine P. multocida isolates and suggest that the potential threat of such multiresistant bacteria in food-producing animals should not be neglected.
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20
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Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria: lessons learned from host-specific pathogens. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:177-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252308001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relative contribution of veterinary and human clinical treatments to the selection of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic pathogens remains controversial. In this review, we consider bacterial pathogens that differ in host specificity and address their resistance profiles: pathogens that only occur in the human host, pathogens that are specific to particular food-producing animals and pathogens that occur in both host types. Compared with those pathogens restricted to a single animal host, pathogens found in both human and animal hosts appear to have higher incidences of resistance. However, the most urgent and severe resistance problems occur with pathogens exclusively infecting humans. Differences exist in the available genetic repertoire of a bacterial species and these are reflected in the observed resistance patterns; it is important to note that different bacterial species do not automatically result in similarly resistant populations when they undergo comparable selection in different host species. Thus, within a bacterial species, prevalence of resistance can differ between populations isolated from different hosts. For some species, fluctuations in dominant subpopulations, for instance particular serotypes, can be the most important factor determining resistance. The frequently expressed opinion that veterinary use of antimicrobials is at the heart of many resistance problems may be an oversimplification of the complex forces at play.
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21
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Abstract
Large amounts of antimicrobial agents are still being used in modern swine production in many countries around the world. This facilitates the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria causing infections in swine have in several cases acquired resistance to a number of the agents most commonly used for treatment, making it difficult to predict the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents without prior susceptibility testing. This review gives an overview of recent susceptibility data from different parts of the world and discusses the importance of the development of resistance not only in the treatment of infections in swine but also taking into account the human health implications of antimicrobial resistance.
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22
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Vargas D, Gutierrez L, Juárez I, Gonzalez F, Sumano H. Pharmacokinetics after administration of an injectable experimental long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate in goats. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1085-90. [PMID: 18672975 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.8.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics after SC administration of an experimental, long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate in a poloxamer-based matrix and after IV and IM administration of an aqueous formulation of doxycycline hyclate in goats. ANIMALS 30 clinically normal adult goats. PROCEDURES Goats were allocated to 3 groups (10 goats/group). One group of goats received doxycycline hyclate (10 mg/kg) IM, a second group received the same dosage of doxycycline hyclate IV, and the third group received the long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate SC. Serum concentrations of doxycycline were determined before and at various intervals after administration. RESULTS The long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate had the greatest bioavailability (545%); mean +/- SD maximum serum concentration was 2.4 +/- 0.95 microg/mL, peak time to maximum concentration was 19.23 +/- 2.03 hours, and elimination half-life was 40.92 +/- 4.25 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate distributed quickly and widely throughout the body after a single dose administered SC, and there was a prolonged half-life. Bioavailability of the longacting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate after SC administration was excellent, compared with bioavailability after IV and IM administration of an aqueous formulation of doxycycline hyclate. Although no local tissue irritation and adverse effects were detected, clinical assessment of drug-residues and toxicologic evaluations are warranted before this long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate can be considered for use in goats with bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Vargas-Estrada D, Gracia-Mora J, Sumano H. Pharmacokinetic study of an injectable long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate in calves. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:477-82. [PMID: 17720208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline hyclate (DOX-h) can be regarded as a time-dependant antibacterial. Hence, a parenteral long-acting formulation may be regarded as more pharmacologically sound. A poloxamer-based matrix was used to produce a long-acting injectable preparation (DOX-h-LA) and its serum concentrations vs. time profile investigated after its s.c. injection to calves. Serum concentrations profiles for such a prepartion were compared to the corresponding profiles obtained with an aqueous formulation of DOX-h injected either i.m. or i.v. in 10 calves in a crossover study at dose of 10mg/kg, with washout periods. DOX-h-LA showed the greatest values for bioavailability (602%); maximum serum concentration (C(max)) value was 1.99microg/mL with a time to reach C(max) (T(max)) of 25h and an elimination half-life of 40.81h. Considering minimum effective serum concentration of 0.5microg/mL a dose-interval of 80h can be achieved for DOX-h-LA, and only 9.7h and 17h after the i.v. or i.m. administration of DOX-h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vargas-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
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24
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Castro LJ, Sahagún AM, Diez MJ, Fernández N, Sierra M, García JJ. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in sheep after intravenous and oral administration. Vet J 2008; 180:389-95. [PMID: 18440843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline were investigated in sheep after oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration. The IV data were best described using a 2- (n = 5) or 3- (n = 6) compartmental open model. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters obtained using a 2-compartmental model included a volume of distribution at steady-state (V(ss)) of 1.759+/-0.3149L/kg, a total clearance (Cl) of 3.045+/-0.5264mL/kg/min and an elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of 7.027+/-1.128h. Comparative values obtained from the 3-compartmental mean values were: V(ss) of 1.801+/-0.3429L/kg, a Cl of 2.634+/-0.6376mL/kg/min and a t(1/2beta) of 12.11+/-2.060h. Mean residence time (MRT(0-infinity)) was 11.18+/-3.152h. After PO administration, the data were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameter mean values were: maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), 2.130+/-0.950microg/mL; time to reach C(max) (t(max)), 3.595+/-3.348h, and absorption half-life (t(1)/(2k)(01)), 36.28+/-14.57h. Non-compartmental parameter values were: C(max), 2.182+/-0.9117microg/mL; t(max), 3.432+/-3.307h; F, 35.77+/-10.20%, and mean absorption time (MAT(0-infinity)), 25.55+/-15.27h. These results suggest that PO administration of doxycycline could be useful as an antimicrobial drug in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Castro
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Spain
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25
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Grobbel M, Lübke-Becker A, Wieler LH, Froyman R, Friederichs S, Filios S. Comparative quantification of the in vitro activity of veterinary fluoroquinolones. Vet Microbiol 2007; 124:73-81. [PMID: 17498893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the veterinary fluoroquinolones against a panel of recently isolated porcine and bovine bacterial pathogens. The study used enrofloxacin as a benchmark against which other agents were compared, being the most common fluoroquinolone used in treatment of bovine and porcine infections. The activity of ciprofloxacin was also assessed as it is the main metabolite of enrofloxacin in cattle. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin generally showed higher antibacterial activity, in terms of MIC(50) values, for most pathogen species when compared with marbofloxacin, difloxacin, danofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed significantly greater in vitro antibacterial activity than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, P. multocida and E. coli, whereas enrofloxacin showed greater activity than ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Marbofloxacin was significantly more active than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, E. coli and B. bronchiseptica but less active against P. multocida, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Danofloxacin was significantly less active than enrofloxacin against P. multocida, E. coli, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin showed the highest in vitro activities against most bovine pathogens tested and the porcine pathogens also showed a high degree of sensitivity to enrofloxacin. These data facilitate further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones currently used in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grobbel
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Lizarazo YAV, Ferri EFR, de la Fuente AJM, Martín CBG. Evaluation of changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofPasteurella multocidasubspmultocidaisolates from pigs in Spain in 1987–1988 and 2003–2004. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:663-8. [PMID: 16579760 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.4.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the susceptibility of strains of Pasteurella multocida subsp multocida isolated from lung specimens of pigs with pneumonia to 20 antimicrobials and to evaluate the emergence of resistance to those antimicrobials in Spain during the past 2 decades. SAMPLE POPULATION 63 isolates recovered from 1987 to 1988 and 132 isolates recovered from 2003 to 2004. PROCEDURE A broth microdilution method was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range and values for MIC50 and MIC90. Resistance of a strain to an antimicrobial agent was determined by use of the breakpoint value when available. RESULTS Isolates were generally susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, apramycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol, and most isolates were resistant to clindamycin, tylosin tartrate, and tiamulin regardless of the time period. A substantial increase in resistance to sulfa-chlorpiridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfathiazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed, and a minor increase in resistance to oxytetracycline was also detected. Several multiresistance patterns were observed, most frequently among isolates recovered in the 2003 to 2004 interval. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ceftiofur, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin are recommended for treatment of infections caused by P multocida subsp multocida in Spain. Increased frequency of resistance to oxytetracycline and sulfonamide drugs may be a contraindication for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanedt A Vera Lizarazo
- Department of Animal Health, Microbiology and Immunology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007-León, Spain
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Esaki H, Asai T, Kojima A, Ishihara K, Morioka A, Tamura Y, Takahashi T. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from cattle in Japan from 2001 to 2002. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:75-7. [PMID: 15699598 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 27 clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica from cattle in Japan from 2001 to 2002 were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25 different antimicrobials were determined by an agar dilution method according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Of the 27 isolates, seven isolates (26.9%) were resistant to at least one of the 25 drugs and resistance rates ranged from 3.7 to 18.5%. Resistance rates to dihydrostreptomycin (18.5%), oxytetracycline (11.1%), and doxycycline (11.1%) were relatively high and those to the remaining drugs were less than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetake Esaki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishihara K, Kira T, Ogikubo K, Morioka A, Kojima A, Kijima-Tanaka M, Takahashi T, Tamura Y. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals on farms (1999–2001): results from the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24:261-7. [PMID: 15325430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nationwide monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals on farms was performed in Japan. A total of 468 Campylobacter isolates were obtained during the period from June 1999 to March 2001. Campylobacter species showed high frequencies of resistance to oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin. The frequencies of resistance in Campylobacter coli to aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline and quinolones were higher than those in Campylobacter jejuni to the same drugs. All of the C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to macrolide antibiotics, whereas 48.4% of the C. coli isolates were resistant to macrolides. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed in C. jejuni isolates from broilers (12%) and layers (2.6%), indicating that the level of fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan could be ranked as low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishihara
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
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Biswas A, Shivachandra SB, Saxena MK, Kumar AA, Singh VP, Srivastava SK. Molecular variability among strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia in India. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28:287-98. [PMID: 15222733 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000026656.77847.5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of conventional and molecular methods for rapid detection and differentiation of Pasteurella multocida serogroup B isolates involved in an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia affecting Indian buffaloes, was studied. Five isolates were obtained and were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. None of the five isolates could be differentiated on the basis of cultural, biochemical, pathogenicity and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques were found to be specific and sensitive for rapid detection and differentiation of isolates. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP-) PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-) PCR and single-primer PCR differentiated all the five isolates into different profiles. All the isolates involved in the outbreak were found to have a genetic profile different from standard P. multocida strain (P52). However, three isolates had similar profiles, whereas each of the remaining two had a different profile. The study indicates the involvement of multiple strains of P. multocida in a single outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffaloes. The results also indicate that molecular methods of detection and typing are superior to conventional methods for rapid epidemiological investigations of haemorrhagic septicaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biswas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP India
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