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Marshall EH, Brumbaugh B, Holt A, Chen ST, Hoang MP. Cutaneous Intravascular Hematolymphoid Entities: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:679. [PMID: 38611591 PMCID: PMC11011375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravascular lymphomas are rare disease conditions that exhibit neoplastic lymphoid cells that are confined mainly to the lumens of small capillaries and medium-sized vessels. The majority of the intravascular lymphomas are of B-cell origin, but they can include NK/T-cell and CD30+ immunophenotypes. In the histologic differential diagnosis are benign proliferations such as intralymphatic histiocytosis and intravascular atypical CD30+ T-cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular findings of intravascular B-cell lymphoma, intravascular NK/T-cell lymphoma, intralymphatic histiocytosis, and benign atypical intravascular CD30+ T-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany Brumbaugh
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.B.); (A.H.); (S.T.C.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allison Holt
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.B.); (A.H.); (S.T.C.)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Steven T. Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.B.); (A.H.); (S.T.C.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai P. Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zagala R, Amico S, Laban E, Fontès-Plantade V, Beylot-Barry M, Pham-Ledard A. Primary intralymphatic histiocytosis: Case report and literature review. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2022; 149:298-305. [PMID: 35817611 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Zagala
- Dermatology department, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Amico
- Dermatology department, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - E Laban
- Pathology practice, 33400 Talence, France
| | | | - M Beylot-Barry
- Dermatology department, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University Medical Research Unit (UMR) 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Team 5 Translational Research on Oncodermatology and Orphean skin diseases, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Pham-Ledard
- Dermatology department, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University Medical Research Unit (UMR) 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Team 5 Translational Research on Oncodermatology and Orphean skin diseases, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Koo T, Kang HJ, Kim MS, Jue MS. Intralymphatic Histiocytosis Associated with Osteoarthritis: A Case Report. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:225-227. [PMID: 35721336 PMCID: PMC9171188 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2022.34.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare cutaneous condition with uncertain pathogenesis. It is characterized by dilated lymphatic vessels that contain histiocytes within their lumina. Although the etiology of ILH remains unknown, it has been associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reaction to metal joint implants and Merkel cell carcinoma, breast cancer and colon cancer. An 83-year-old female presented with an erythematous patch on the left forearm that had appeared six months previous. She had suffered from osteoarthritis (OA) and the cutaneous lesion was located in the vicinity of the affected joint. Skin biopsy from the lesion showed dilated dermal vessels and some ectatic vessels that contained many mononuclear histiocytes. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, we diagnosed her with ILH with OA. Two sessions of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection (5 mg/ml) were administered to treat the skin lesion, which gradually improved over a period of a few months. We here report a rare case of ILH associated with degenerative OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehan Koo
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihn-Sook Jue
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Ríos-Viñuela E, Bernia E, Diago A, Traves V, Requena C, Llombart B, Sanmartín O. Cutaneous intralymphatic histiocytosis associated with breast and orthopedic surgery. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:725-729. [PMID: 32396263 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ríos-Viñuela
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bernia
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Diago
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llombart
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Onofre Sanmartín
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
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Goldsmith JF, Tahan SR. Intralymphatic histiocytosis in healing cellulitis: Case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:960-966. [PMID: 32400033 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare skin benign condition observed in a variety of inflammatory settings. It is characterized by the presence of ectatic dermal lymphatic vessels containing aggregates of histiocytes. Associated conditions that have been identified include rheumatoid arthritis, metallic orthopedic implants, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancies of the breast, skin, and colon. Some cases with no attributable underlying cause have been described. The pathophysiology of ILH is not well understood. It has been proposed that it may represent macrophage migration during immune activation. Herein, we present the first description of ILH observed in the healing phase of cellulitis on the skin of the breast. Awareness of this possibility is important when the diagnosis of intravascular carcinomatosis is being considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R Tahan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tran TAN, Tran Q, Carlson JA. Intralymphatic Histiocytosis of the Appendix and Fallopian Tube Associated With Primary Peritoneal High-Grade, Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of Müllerian Origin. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:357-364. [PMID: 28112040 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916688307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a peculiar pathological process characterized by the collections of benign histiocytes in dilated lymph vessels. Although the majority of ILH patients present clinically with various forms of cutaneous manifestation, rare extracutaneous incidences have been reported in the literature. To date, ILH has not been described in an internal visceral organ. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent an appendectomy during a surgical procedure for a primary peritoneal high-grade, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin. Although no malignancy was identified in the appendix, the appendiceal mucosa and submucosa were expanded by dilated vascular channels harboring aggregates of uniform epithelioid cells. Similar histological changes were also identified in the right fallopian tube. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the lymphatic nature of the vessels and the histiocytic origin of the intravascular cells. Of note was the presence of scattered multinucleated giant cells in the histiocytic population, a histological feature not described hitherto in ILH. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of ILH harboring multinucleated giant cells, involving internal visceral organs, and associated with a malignant tumor of the gynecological system. As such, the current case report expands the clinical and histological spectrum of ILH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quang Tran
- 2 Trinity Preparatory School, Winter Park, FL, USA
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Abstract
Intravascular/intralymphatic histiocytosis (IV/ILH) is a rare, reactive cutaneous condition, with uncertain pathogenesis. It may be associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Although the clinical presentation is various, the biopsies reveal dilated vessels, mostly lymphatics, containing aggregates of histiocytes within their lumina. We described 3 cases of IV/ILH with different clinical presentations. In the first case, the patient presented with lymphedema in the genital region without any underlying disease. However, the second and third cases had reticular erythematous skin lesions. The second case had common variable immunodeficiency disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and a history of a lymphoproliferative lesion. The third case had metal prostheses at both his right and left knees. In all these 3 cases, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were similar to each other and to those cases reported in the literature. In addition, the third case was admixed with reactive angioendotheliomatosis. In the second case, the endothelium of the ectatic vessels expressed CD31 and CD34, but not D2-40/podoplanin, pointing out that these vessels were blood vessels rather than lymphatics, differing from the other 2 cases. In conclusion, we believe, the most convincing statement about IV/ILH is that it is not a distinct clinicopathologic entity, but a histopathologic feature found as a part of a constellation of inflammatory changes or many other conditions.
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Barba E, Colato C, Girolomoni G. Intralymphatic Histiocytosis: A case report and review of literature. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:593-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Barba
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Chiara Colato
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics; Section of Pathology University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Verona; Verona Italy
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Emanuel PO, Lewis I, Gaskin B, Rosser P, Angelo N. Periocular intralymphatic histiocytosis or localized Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome? J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:289-94. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Emanuel
- University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Diagnostic Medlab; Ellerslie; Auckland New Zealand
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Franz R, Andres C. [Cheilitis granulomatosa and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Intralymphatic histiocytosis as valuable diagnostic indication]. DER PATHOLOGE 2014; 35:177-81. [PMID: 24619529 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-013-1850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular and/or intralymphatic cell aggregations can occur in malignant tumors as well as in benign reactive conditions, such as chronic inflammatory diseases. This article discusses the valuable histomorphological aspects of intralymphatic histiocytosis (or granuloma) in the differential diagnostics to other entities exemplified by a case report on juvenile cheilitis granulomatosa. In addition other benign entities sometimes presenting with the phenomenon of intravascular histiocytosis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, orthopedic metal implants and Rosai-Dorfman disease) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, TU München, Biedersteinerstr. 29, 80802, München, Deutschland
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Bakr F, Webber N, Fassihi H, Swale V, Lewis F, Rytina E, Ben-Zvi GT, Norris P, Espinosa O, Dhar S, Craig P, Robson A. Primary and secondary intralymphatic histiocytosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:927-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Unamuno Bustos B, Rabasco AG, Sánchez RB, Aparicio AM, de Miquel VA. Erythematous indurated plaque on the right upper limb. Int J Dermatol 2013; 52:547-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Washio K, Nakata K, Nakamura A, Horikawa T. Pressure Bandage as an Effective Treatment for Intralymphatic Histiocytosis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Dermatology 2011; 223:20-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000330561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Grekin S, Mesfin M, Kang S, Fullen DR. Intralymphatic histiocytosis following placement of a metal implant. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 38:351-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Echeverría-García B, Botella-Estrada R, Requena C, Guillén C. Intralymphatic Histiocytosis and Cancer of the Colon. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(10)70625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Echeverría-García B, Botella-Estrada R, Requena C, Guillén C. Histiocitosis intralinfática y neoplasia de colon. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Rossi A, Sozio F, Sestini P, Renzoni EA, Khan K, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Weber E. Lymphatic and blood vessels in scleroderma skin, a morphometric analysis. Hum Pathol 2009; 41:366-74. [PMID: 20004944 PMCID: PMC2829123 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular involvement is frequent in systemic sclerosis, but the role of the lymphatic vasculature is poorly known. Our aim was to evaluate lymphatic vessels in systemic sclerosis skin lesions. We studied skin forearm biopsies of 9 patients with systemic sclerosis and 7 age-matched controls. Lymphatic vessels were labeled with the monoclonal antibody D2-40 and blood vessels with a polyclonal antibody to von Willebrand Factor. All blood and lymphatic vessels present in each section were counted and total area, inner luminal area, and shape factors were measured. The number of blood and lymphatic vessels in papillary dermis was greater and their diameter lower than in reticular dermis both in systemic sclerosis and controls. In the reticular dermis, the number of lymphatic vessels was markedly reduced in systemic sclerosis (4.9 ± 1.1 μm−2 versus 8.9 ± 1.2 μm−2P = .03), and a similar trend was observed in papillary dermis (8.4 ± 3.7 μm−2 versus 8.1 ± 5.3 μm−2). Interestingly, the number of periglandular lymphatics in systemic sclerosis was not different from controls. The inner luminal area (possibly indicating compensatory dilation) of lymphatic vessels, particularly the periglandular ones, was greater in systemic sclerosis than in controls. No differences were observed in the number of blood vessels, but the percentage of blood vessel profiles (without lumen) was significantly less in systemic sclerosis both in papillary and in reticular dermis. In conclusion, our data show that skin lesions in systemic sclerosis are characterized by a selective rarefaction of lymphatic vasculature that spares periglandular vessels and that might have a pathogenic role in the evolution and in the clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Huang HY, Liang CW, Hu SL, Cheng CC. Cutaneous intravascular histiocytosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e302-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pouryazdanparast P, Yu L, Dalton VK, Haefner HK, Brincat C, Mandell SH, Cho KR, Fullen DR. Intravascular histiocytosis presenting with extensive vulvar necrosis. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36 Suppl 1:1-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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RHEE DY, LEE DW, CHANG SE, LEE MW, CHOI JH, MOON KC, KOH JK, LEE SJ. Intravascular histiocytosis without rheumatoid arthritis. J Dermatol 2008; 35:691-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Watanabe T, Yamada N, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O. Intralymphatic histiocytosis with granuloma formation associated with orthopaedic metal implants. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:402-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Catalina-Fernández I, Alvárez AC, Martin FC, Fernández-Mera JJ, Sáenz-Santamaría J. Cutaneous intralymphatic histiocytosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2007; 29:165-8. [PMID: 17414439 DOI: 10.1097/01.dad.0000251824.09384.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Various dermatoses have been described associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, a specific cutaneous lesion termed "intravascular histiocytosis" has been proposed as a new entity among these dermatoses. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis for about 10 years who developed erythematous patches on the extensor surface of lower extremities. Histopathologically, the lesions showed intraluminal proliferation of CD68-positive histiocytes in vessels lined with endothelial cells expressing D2-40, a selective marker for lymphatic endothelium.
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Asagoe K, Torigoe R, Ofuji R, Iwatsuki K. Reactive intravascular histiocytosis associated with tonsillitis. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:560-3. [PMID: 16445796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Okazaki A, Asada H, Niizeki H, Nonomura A, Miyagawa S. Intravascular histiocytosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: report of a case with lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1385-7. [PMID: 15949027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Takiwaki H, Adachi A, Kohno H, Ogawa Y. Intravascular or intralymphatic histiocytosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a report of 4 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 50:585-90. [PMID: 15034508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various skin lesions occur in association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBSERVATION We report a distinctive skin lesion observed in 4 patients with RA. All patients had RA for many years and developed asymptomatic, irregularly shaped erythema over the swollen elbow joints and the nearby part of the forearm. Histopathologically, all cases showed massive aggregates mainly composed of histiocytes in markedly dilated vessels in the dermis, accompanied by a dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, or a combination of these. A total of 9 cases, including ours, showing similar histopathologic findings have been reported in the literature, of which 7 were associated with RA and presented relatively common clinical appearance. CONCLUSION In spite of some disagreement as to whether the dilated vessels are blood vessels or lymphatics, it is most likely that these 7 cases belong to the same clinical entity closely associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Takiwaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan.
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