1
|
Lemos IDS, Torres CA, Alano CG, Matiola RT, de Figueiredo Seldenreich R, Padilha APZ, De Pieri E, Effting PS, Machado-De-Ávila RA, Réus GZ, Leipnitz G, Streck EL. Memantine Improves Memory and Neurochemical Damage in a Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:758-770. [PMID: 38104040 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in different tissues due to a deficit in the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. The most common symptoms are poor feeding, psychomotor delay, and neurological damage. However, dietary therapy is not effective. Studies have demonstrated that memantine improves neurological damage in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, we hypothesize that memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist can ameliorate the effects elicited by BCAA in an MSUD animal model. For this, we organized the rats into four groups: control group (1), MSUD group (2), memantine group (3), and MSUD + memantine group (4). Animals were exposed to the MSUD model by the administration of BCAA (15.8 µL/g) (groups 2 and 4) or saline solution (0.9%) (groups 1 and 3) and treated with water or memantine (5 mg/kg) (groups 3 and 4). Our results showed that BCAA administration induced memory alterations, and changes in the levels of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, induction of oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines were verified in the cerebral cortex. Thus, memantine treatment prevented the alterations in memory, acetylcholinesterase activity, 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, sulfhydryl content, and inflammation. These findings suggest that memantine can improve the pathomechanisms observed in the MSUD model, and may improve oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela da Silva Lemos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Giassi Alano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tezza Matiola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Rejane de Figueiredo Seldenreich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Paulo Zeferino Padilha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ellen De Pieri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Pauline Souza Effting
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-De-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Doenças Neurometabólicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JS, Kim T, Kim D, Jeong YIL. The Effect of Oxidative Stress and Memantine-Incorporated Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanoparticles on the Expression of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Subunit 1 in Brain Cancer Cells for Alzheimer's Disease Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212309. [PMID: 34830191 PMCID: PMC8619842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanoparticles composed of succinyl β-cyclodextrin (bCDsu), memantine and thioketal linkages for application in Alzheimer's disease, and to investigate the suppression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in cells. Thioketal diamine was attached to the carboxyl group of bCDsu to produce thioketal-decorated bCDsu conjugates (bCDsu-thioketal conjugates) and memantine was conjugated with thioketal dicarboxylic acid (memantine-thioketal carboxylic acid conjugates). Memantine-thioketal carboxylic acid conjugates were attached to bCDsu-thioketal conjugates to produce bCDsu-thioketal-memantine (bCDsuMema) conjugates. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and U87MG cells were used for NMDAR1 protein expression and cellular oxidative stress. Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates were prepared by means of a dialysis procedure. Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates had small particle sizes less than 100 nm and their morphology was found to be spherical in transmission electron microscopy observations (TEM). Nanoparticles of bCDsuMema conjugates responded to H2O2 and disintegrated or swelled in aqueous solution. Then, the nanoparticles rapidly released memantine according to the concentration of H2O2. In an in vivo animal imaging study, thioketal-decorated nanoparticles labelled with fluorescent dye such as chlorin e6 (Ce6) showed that the fluorescence intensity was stronger in the brain than in other organs, indicating that bCDsuMema nanoparticles can efficiently target the brain. When cells were exposed to H2O2, the viability of cells was time-dependently decreased. Memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles did not practically affect the viability of the cells. Furthermore, a western blot assay showed that the oxidative stress produced in cells using H2O2 increased the expression of NMDAR1 protein in both SH-SY5Y and U87MG cells. Memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles efficiently suppressed the NMDAR1 protein, which is deeply associated with Alzheimer's disease. Fluorescence microscopy also showed that H2O2 treatment induced green fluorescence intensity, which represents intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment increased the red fluorescence intensity, which represents the NMDAR1 protein, i.e., oxidative stress increases the expression of NMDAR1 protein level in both SH-SY5Y and U87MG cells. When memantine or bCDsuMema nanoparticles were treated in cells, the oxidative stress-mediated expression of NMDAR1 protein in cells was significantly decreased, indicating that bCDsuMema nanoparticles have the capacity to suppress NMDAR1 expression in brain cells, which has relevance in terms of applications in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- College of Art&Science, University of Pennsylvania, 249 S 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9212-9859
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gynther M, Kääriäinen TM, Hakkarainen JJ, Jalkanen AJ, Petsalo A, Lehtonen M, Peura L, Kurkipuro J, Samaranayake H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Rautio J, Forsberg MM. Brain pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in rats with orthotopic BT4C glioma. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:140-6. [PMID: 25349125 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) is an essential part of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene therapy of malignant gliomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake of GCV in the BT4C rat glioma model. GCV's brain and tumor uptakes were investigated by in vivo microdialysis in rats with orthotopic BT4C glioma. In addition, the ability of GCV to cross the blood-brain barrier and tumor vasculature was assessed with in situ rat brain perfusion. Finally, the extent to which GCV could permeate across the BT4C glioma cell membrane was assessed in vitro. The areas under the concentration curve of unbound GCV in blood, brain extracellular fluid (ECF), and tumor ECF were 6157, 1658, and 4834 μM⋅min, respectively. The apparent maximum unbound concentrations achieved within 60 minutes were 46.9, 11.8, and 25.8 μM in blood, brain, and tumor, respectively. The unbound GCV concentrations in brain and tumor after in situ rat brain perfusion were 0.41 and 1.39 nmol/g, respectively. The highly polar GCV likely crosses the fenestrated tumor vasculature by paracellular diffusion. Thus, GCV is able to reach the extracellular space around the tumor at higher concentrations than that in healthy brain. However, GCV uptake into BT4C cells at 100 μM was only 2.1 pmol/mg of protein, and no active transporter-mediated disposition of GCV could be detected in vitro. In conclusion, the limited efficacy of HSV-tk/GCV gene therapy may be due to the poor cellular uptake and rapid elimination of GCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Gynther
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina M Kääriäinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni J Hakkarainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aaro J Jalkanen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aleksanteri Petsalo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lauri Peura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jere Kurkipuro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Haritha Samaranayake
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markus M Forsberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy (M.G., T.M.K., J.J.H., A.J.J., A.P., M.L., L.P., J.R., M.M.F.) and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (J.K., H.S., S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Design, Synthesis and Brain Uptake of LAT1-Targeted Amino Acid Prodrugs of Dopamine. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2523-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Peura L, Malmioja K, Laine K, Leppänen J, Gynther M, Isotalo A, Rautio J. Large Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) Prodrugs of Valproic Acid: New Prodrug Design Ideas for Central Nervous System Delivery. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1857-66. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2001878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Peura
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Malmioja
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Krista Laine
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Isotalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bauwens M, Wimana L, Keyaerts M, Peleman C, Lahoutte T, Kersemans K, Snykers S, Vinken M, Mertens J, Bossuyt A. Preliminary In Vivo Evaluation of [131I]-2-Iodo-D-Phenylalanine as a Potential Radionuclide Therapeutic Agent in R1M-Fluc Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor-Bearing NuNu Mice Using Bioluminescent Imaging. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:225-31. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Wimana
- BEFY, Vrije Universitet Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Mertens
- BEFY, Vrije Universitet Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axel Bossuyt
- NUGE, Vrije Universitet Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blanche EA, Maskell L, Colucci MA, Whatmore JL, Moody CJ. Synthesis of potential prodrug systems for reductive activation. Prodrugs for anti-angiogenic isoflavones and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
9
|
Killian DM, Hermeling S, Chikhale PJ. Targeting the Cerebrovascular Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) Isoform Using a Novel Disulfide-Based Brain Drug Delivery System. Drug Deliv 2008; 14:25-31. [PMID: 17107928 DOI: 10.1080/10717540600559510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel strategy to achieve high affinity recognition for the specific, cerebrovascular large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) isoform by covalent coupling of small molecules to the amino acid, L-cysteine (L-Cys). L-Cys (as the carrier) was covalently attached via a disulfide bond to either 6-mercaptopurine or 2-methyl-1-propanethiol (IBM) to form the brain-targeted drug delivery systems (BTDS). BTDS were designed for high affinity recognition by LAT1 at the cerebrovasculature. Using an in situ rat brain perfusion technique, competition between BTDS and the radiotracer [14C]L-Leu demonstrated significant inhibition of [14C]L-Leu brain uptake. BTDS possess affinity for cerebrovascular LAT1 in many distinct brain compartments, and the recognition of BTDS by LAT1 is influenced by hydrophobicity of the side-chain in BTDS. Thus, the BTDS strategy may be utilized for rapid shuttling of various neuropharmaceuticals into brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Killian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gynther M, Laine K, Ropponen J, Leppänen J, Mannila A, Nevalainen T, Savolainen J, Järvinen T, Rautio J. Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Enables Brain Drug Delivery via Prodrugs. J Med Chem 2008; 51:932-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Maskell L, Blanche EA, Colucci MA, Whatmore JL, Moody CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of prodrugs for anti-angiogenic pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1575-8. [PMID: 17254788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potential prodrugs of inhibitors of VEGF-induced angiogenesis have been investigated. The prodrug systems studied were the 4-nitrobenzyl, 2-nitrophenylacetyl and 3-methyl-3-(3,6-dimethylbenzo-1,4-quinon-2-yl)butanoyl groups, readily attached to acidic OH or NH groups in drug molecules, and released upon bioreductive activation. The anti-angiogenic compounds studied were the pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindole SU5416 (semaxanib) and its novel 6-hydroxy derivative. The potentially pro-anti-angiogenic compounds were assayed for their ability to block VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECS in comparison to the free agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Maskell
- Peninsula Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Katragadda S, Talluri RS, Mitra AK. Modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux by prodrug derivatization: an approach involving peptide transporter-mediated influx across rabbit cornea. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006; 22:110-20. [PMID: 16722797 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2006.22.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of efflux mechanisms using transporter- targeted prodrug derivatization of a model P-gp substrate, quinidine. The L-valine, L-valine-valine esters of quinidine, val-quinidine (VQ), and val-val-quinidine (VVQ) were synthesized in our laboratory, respectively. [(14)C] erythromycin was chosen to delineate the affinity of quinidine (Q) toward P-gp. [(3)H] glycylsarcosine (GS, or glysar) was chosen as a model peptide transporter (PEPT) substrate. Uptake studies were performed on rPCEC (rabbit primary corneal epithelial culture) using 12-well plates. Transport studies were conducted with isolated rabbit corneas at 34 degrees C. Efflux of [(14)C] erythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of quinidine, whereas it was unaltered in the presence of VQ and VVQ. VVQ was more stable, both in buffers and tissue homogenate. Transport of VQ and VVQ was inhibited with GS, and their permeability values were 1.5 and 3 times higher than the permeability of quinidine, respectively. Results from this study clearly indicate that prodrug derivatization of quinidine can modulate P-gp-mediated efflux. These prodrugs have a reduced or diminished affinity toward P-gp and were further recognized by the peptide transporter- mediated process. Enhanced permeabilities of the prodrugs indicate that drug derivatization can be a viable strategy for overcoming P-gp-mediated efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Katragadda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Syntheses, characterization, and structure determination of nine-coordinate Na[YIII(edta)(H2O)3]· 5H2O and eight-coordinate Na[YIII(cydta)(H2O)2]·5H2O complexes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-006-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Dash AK, Elmquist WF. Separation methods that are capable of revealing blood–brain barrier permeability. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:241-54. [PMID: 14630153 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to emphasize the application of separation science in evaluating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to drugs and bioactive agents. Several techniques have been utilized to quantitate the BBB permeability. These methods can be classified into two major categories: in vitro or in vivo. The in vivo methods used include brain homogenization, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, voltametry, autoradiography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, positron emission tomography (PET), intracerebral microdialysis, and brain uptake index (BUI) determination. The in vitro methods include tissue culture and immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) technology. Separation methods have always played an important role as adjunct methods to the methods outlined above for the quantitation of BBB permeability and have been utilized the most with brain homogenization, in situ brain perfusion, CSF sampling, intracerebral microdialysis, in vitro tissue culture and IAM chromatography. However, the literature published to date indicates that the separation method has been used the most in conjunction with intracerebral microdialysis and CSF sampling methods. The major advantages of microdialysis sampling in BBB permeability studies is the possibility of online separation and quantitation as well as the need for only a small sample volume for such an analysis. Separation methods are preferred over non-separation methods in BBB permeability evaluation for two main reasons. First, when the selectivity of a determination method is insufficient, interfering substances must be separated from the analyte of interest prior to determination. Secondly, when large number of analytes is to be detected and quantitated by a single analytical procedure, the mixture must be separated to each individual component prior to determination. Chiral separation in particular can be essential to evaluate the stereo-selective permeation and distribution of agents into the brain. In conclusion, the usefulness of separation methods during BBB permeability evaluation is immense and more application of these methods is foreseen in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Killian DM, Chikhale PJ. Predominant functional activity of the large, neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) isoform at the cerebrovasculature. Neurosci Lett 2001; 306:1-4. [PMID: 11403943 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identify the predominant functional expression of the large, neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) isoform at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An in situ rat brain perfusion technique allowed perfusion of the radiotracer [(14)C]-L-Leu (a ligand for both LAT1 and LAT2) alone or competed with excess concentration of either LAT1 or LAT2 specific amino acids. The LAT2 specific amino acid, [(14)C]-L-Asn, was perfused alone or with excess concentration of various amino acids. The brain uptake of [(14)C]-L-Leu was not significantly inhibited by LAT2 specific amino acids, but was inhibited significantly (up to 90%) by the LAT1 specific amino acid, D-Met. L-Asn did not demonstrate saturable brain uptake. These data clearly demonstrate that LAT1 is the functionally predominant isoform expressed at the BBB which is responsible for brain uptake of large, neutral amino acids. In addition, the functional activity of cerebrovascular LAT2 is insignificant, or absent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Killian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 North Pine Street, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gharat L, Taneja R, Weerapreeyakul N, Rege B, Polli J, Chikhale PJ. Targeted drug delivery systems 6: Intracellular bioreductive activation, uptake and transport of an anticancer drug delivery system across intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Int J Pharm 2001; 219:1-10. [PMID: 11337161 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate transport across, intracellular accumulation and bioreductive activation of a conformationally constrained, anticancer drug delivery system (the CH(3)-TDDS) using Caco-2 cell monolayers (CCMs) as an in vitro model of the human intestinal mucosa. Reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV detection was used to detect CH(3)-TDDS, the bioreduction product (lactone) and the released drug (melphalan methyl ester; MME). Upon incubation of the CH(3)-TDDS with the apical (AP) surface of 21-day-old CCM, we observed rapid decrease in the AP concentration of the CH(3)-TDDS (60%/hr) as a result of cellular uptake. Rapid intracellular accumulation of the CH(3)-TDDS was followed by bioreductive activation to deplete the cellular levels of CH(3)-TDDS. The drug part (MME) and lactone, as well as CH(3)-TDDS, were detected in the basolateral (BL) chamber. Intracellular Caco-2 levels of TDDS and lactone were also detectable. Bioreductive activation of the CH(3)-TDDS was additionally confirmed by formation of lactone after incubation of the CH(3)-TDDS in the presence of freshly prepared Caco-2 cell homogenates. During transport studies of melphalan or MME alone (as control), the intact drug was not detected in the intracellular compartment or in the BL chamber. These observations demonstrate that CH(3)-TDDS has potential for improving intestinal delivery of MME. TDDS could be useful in facilitating oral absorption of MME as well as the oral delivery of other agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|