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Macías-de la Rosa A, González-Cardoso MÁ, Cerón-García MDC, López-Rosales L, Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, Seoane S, Sánchez-Mirón A, García-Camacho F. Bioactives Overproduction through Operational Strategies in the Ichthyotoxic Microalga Heterosigma akashiwo Culture. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050349. [PMID: 37235383 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The red tide-forming microalga Heterosigma akashiwo has been associated with massive events of fish deaths, both wild and cultured. Culture conditions are responsible for the synthesis or accumulation of some metabolites with different interesting bioactivities. H. akashiwo LC269919 strain was grown in a 10 L bubble column photobioreactor artificially illuminated with multi-coloured LED lights. Growth and production of exopolysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and carotenoids were evaluated under different culture modes (batch, fed-batch, semicontinuous, and continuous) at two irradiance levels (300 and 700 µE·s-1·m-2). Continuous mode at the dilution rate of 0.2·day-1 and 700 µE·s-1·m-2 provided the highest production of biomass, PUFAs (132.6 and 2.3 mg·L-1·day-1), and maximum fucoxanthin productivity (0.16 mg·L-1·day-1). The fed-batch mode accumulated exopolysaccharides in a concentration (1.02 g·L-1) 10-fold over the batch mode. An extraction process based on a sequential gradient partition with water and four water-immiscible organic solvents allowed the isolation of bioactive fucoxanthin from methanolic extracts of H. akashiwo. Metabolites present in H. akashiwo, fucoxanthin and polar lipids (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)), or probably such as phytosterol (β-Sitosterol) from other microalgae, were responsible for the antitumor activity obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Del Carmen Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Research Centre Ciambital, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Lorenzo López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Research Centre Ciambital, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan José Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Research Centre Ciambital, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Sergio Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asterio Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Research Centre Ciambital, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Research Centre Ciambital, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Ibrahim HAH, Abou Elhassayeb HE, El-Sayed WMM. Potential functions and applications of diverse microbial exopolysaccharides in marine environments. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:151. [PMID: 36318392 PMCID: PMC9626724 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from microorganisms are essential harmless natural biopolymers used in applications including medications, nutraceuticals and functional foods, cosmetics, and insecticides. Several microbes can synthesize and excrete EPSs with chemical properties and structures that make them suitable for several important applications. Microbes secrete EPSs outside their cell walls, as slime or as a "jelly" into the extracellular medium. These EPS-producing microbes are ubiquitous and can be isolated from aquatic and terrestrial environments, such as freshwater, marine water, wastewater, and soils. They have also been isolated from extreme niches like hot springs, cold waters, halophilic environments, and salt marshes. Recently, microbial EPSs have attracted interest for their applications such as environmental bio-flocculants because they are degradable and nontoxic. However, further efforts are required for the cost-effective and industrial-scale commercial production of microbial EPSs. This review focuses on the exopolysaccharides obtained from several extremophilic microorganisms, their synthesis, and manufacturing optimization for better cost and productivity. We also explored their role and applications in interactions between several organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. H. Ibrahim
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
| | - Hala E. Abou Elhassayeb
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
| | - Waleed M. M. El-Sayed
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
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Selvasekaran P, Mahalakshmi, Roshini F, Angalene LA, Chandini, Sunil T, Chidambaram R. Fungal Exopolysaccharides: Production and Biotechnological Industrial Applications in Food and Allied Sectors. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Okonkwo CC, Ujor V, Cornish K, Ezeji TC. Inactivation of the Levansucrase Gene in Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365 Diminishes Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis during 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00196-20. [PMID: 32144108 PMCID: PMC7170477 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00196-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) during 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) fermentation by Paenibacillus polymyxa increases medium viscosity, which in turn presents considerable technical and economic challenges to 2,3-BD downstream processing. To eliminate EPS production during 2,3-BD fermentation, we used homologous recombination to disable the EPS biosynthetic pathway in P. polymyxa The gene which encodes levansucrase, the major enzyme responsible for EPS biosynthesis in P. polymyxa, was successfully disrupted. The P. polymyxa levansucrase null mutant produced 2.5 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.2 g/liter EPS on sucrose and glucose, respectively, whereas the wild type produced 21.7 ± 2.5 and 3.1 ± 0.0 g/liter EPS on the same substrates, respectively. These levels of EPS translate to 8.7- and 2.6-fold decreases in EPS formation by the levansucrase null mutant on sucrose and glucose, respectively, relative to that by the wild type, with no significant reduction in 2,3-BD production. Inactivation of EPS biosynthesis led to a considerable increase in growth. On glucose and sucrose, the cell biomass of the levansucrase null mutant (8.1 ± 0.8 and 6.5 ± 0.3 g/liter, respectively) increased 1.4-fold compared to that of the wild type (6.0 ± 0.1 and 4.6 ± 0.3 g/liter, respectively) grown on the same substrates. Evaluation of the genetic stability of the levansucrase null mutant showed that it remained genetically stable over fifty generations, with no observable decrease in growth or 2,3-BD formation, with or without antibiotic supplementation. Hence, the P. polymyxa levansucrase null mutant has potential for use as an industrial biocatalyst for a cost-effective large-scale 2,3-BD fermentation process devoid of EPS-related challenges.IMPORTANCE Given the current barrage of attention and research investments toward the production of next-generation fuels and chemicals, of which 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) produced by nonpathogenic Paenibacillus species is perhaps one of the most vigorously pursued, tools for engineering Paenibacillus species are intensely sought after. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during 2,3-BD fermentation constitutes a problem during downstream processing. Specifically, EPS negatively impacts 2,3-BD separation from the fermentation broth, thereby increasing the overall cost of 2,3-BD production. The results presented here demonstrate that inactivation of the levansucrase gene in P. polymyxa leads to diminished EPS accumulation. Additionally, a new method for an EPS assay and a simple protocol employing protoplasts for enhanced transformation of P. polymyxa were developed. Overall, although our study shows that levan is not the only EPS produced by P. polymyxa, it represents a significant first step toward developing cost-effective 2,3-BD fermentation devoid of EPS-associated complications during downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chukwudi Okonkwo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Victor Ujor
- Bioenergy and Water Treatment Management Program, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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Okonkwo CC, Ujor V, Ezeji TC. Investigation of relationship between 2,3-butanediol toxicity and production during growth of Paenibacillus polymyxa. N Biotechnol 2017; 34:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Assessment of Bacillus pumilus Isolated from Fresh Water Milieu for Bioflocculant Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6080211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Salehizadeh H, Yan N. Recent advances in extracellular biopolymer flocculants. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1506-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Evaluation of the flocculation potential and characterization of bioflocculant produced by Micrococcus sp. Leo. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381406012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang L, Lee DJ, Ma F, Wang A, Ren N. Bioflocculants from isolated strain or mixed culture: Role of phosphate salts and Ca2+ ions. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Mahapatra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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SURYANI, AMBARSARI LAKSMI, ARTIKA IMADE, SUSANTI HARTUTIKEKA. Characterization of Bioflocculant Producing-Bacteria Isolated from Tapioca Waste Water. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.18.4.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Xia S, Zhao J, Zhang J. Characterization and flocculation mechanism of high efficiency microbial flocculant TJ-F1 from Proteus mirabilis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 75:247-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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He J, Zhen Q, Qiu N, Liu Z, Wang B, Shao Z, Yu Z. Medium optimization for the production of a novel bioflocculant from Halomonas sp. V3a' using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5922-5927. [PMID: 19632109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel exopolysaccharide bioflocculant HBF-3 is produced by Halomonas sp. V3a', which is a mutant strain of the deep-sea bacterium Halomonas sp. V3a. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the production medium for increasing HBF-3 production. Using a Plackett-Burman experimental design to aid in the first step of optimization, edible glucose, MgSO(4) x 7 H(2)O, and NH(4)Cl were found to be significant factors affecting HBF-3 production. To determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable, a central composite design was employed. Based on response surface and canonical analysis, the optimum concentrations of the critical components were obtained as follows: edible glucose, 16.14 g/l; MgSO(4) x 7 H(2)O, 2.73 g/l; and NH(4)Cl, 1.97 g/l. HBF-3 production obtained by using the optimized medium was 4.52 g/l, which was in close agreement with the predicted value of 4.55 g/l. By scaling up fermentation from flask to fermenter, HBF-3 production was further increased to 5.58 g/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Jiang DM, Wu ZH, Zhao JY, Li YZ. Fruiting and non-fruiting myxobacteria: A phylogenetic perspective of cultured and uncultured members of this group. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 44:545-52. [PMID: 17532650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of myxobacteria present in campus garden soil was surveyed by both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent methods. Detailed phylogenetic analysis of cultured and uncultured myxobacteria 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that many undescribed relatives of the myxobacteria exist in nature. Molecular systematic analyses also revealed that myxobacterial genera described to date on the basis of the morphology of multi-cellular fruiting bodies were mostly monophyletic. However, these known taxa comprised only in a small part of the sequences recovered directly from soil in a cultivation-independent approach, indicating that the group is much more diverse than previously thought. We propose that the myxobacteria exist in two forms: the fruiting and the non-fruiting types. Most of the uncultured myxobacteria may represent taxa which rarely form fruiting bodies, or may lack some or all of the developmental genes needed for fruiting body formation. In order to identify non-fruiting myxobacteria, new morphology-independent cultivation and isolation techniques need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Frykman S, Tsuruta H, Galazzo J, Licari P. Characterization of product capture resin during microbial cultivations. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:445-53. [PMID: 16474950 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Various bioactive small molecules produced by microbial cultivation are degraded in the culture broth or may repress the formation of additional product. The inclusion of hydrophobic adsorber resin beads to capture these products in situ and remove them from the culture broth can reduce or prevent this degradation and repression. These product capture beads are often subjected to a dynamic and stressful microenvironment for a long cultivation time, affecting their physical structure and performance. Impact and collision forces can result in the fracturing of these beads into smaller pieces, which are difficult to recover at the end of a cultivation run. Various contaminating compounds may also bind in a non-specific manner to these beads, reducing the binding capacity of the resin for the product of interest (fouling). This study characterizes resin bead binding capacity (to monitor bead fouling), and resin bead volume distributions (to monitor bead fracture) for an XAD-16 adsorber resin used to capture epothilone produced during myxobacterial cultivations. Resin fouling was found to reduce the product binding capacity of the adsorber resin by 25-50%. Additionally, the degree of resin bead fracture was found to be dependent on the cultivation length and the impeller rotation rate. Microbial cultivations and harvesting processes should be designed in such a way to minimize bead fragmentation and fouling during cultivation to maximize the amount of resin and associated product harvested at the end of a run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Frykman
- Department of Process Science, Kosan Biosciences Inc., 3832 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
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Deng S, Yu G, Ting YP. Production of a bioflocculant by Aspergillus parasiticus and its application in dye removal. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 44:179-86. [PMID: 16084070 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus parasiticus was found to produce a bioflocculant with high flocculating activity for Kaolin suspension and water-soluble dyes. Results showed that the carbon and nitrogen sources favorable for the production of the bioflocculant were corn starch and peptone, and an optimal condition of 28 degrees C, initial pH 5-6 and shaking speed of 150 rpm. The highest flocculating efficiency achieved for Kaolin suspension was 98.1%, after 72 h cultivation. The bioflocculant was mainly composed of sugar (76.3%) and protein (21.6%), and an average molecular weight of 3.2x10(5) Da. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that amino, amide and hydroxyl groups were present in the bioflocculant molecules. The bioflocculant was effective in flocculating some soluble anionic dyes in aqueous solution, in particular Reactive Blue 4 and Acid Yellow 25 with a decolorization efficiency of 92.4 and 92.9%, respectively. The decolorization efficiency was dependent on the flocculant dosage and solution pH. XPS result shows that the amine groups in the bioflocculant were protonated at pH 5, and thus the positive bioflocculant was attracted to the negatively charged dye molecules. The amino and amide groups in the bioflocculant molecule are believed to play an important role in flocculation from the viewpoint of electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Purification and characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide from haloalkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-450. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ding X, Zhang J, Jiang P, Xu X, Liu Z. Structural features and hypoglycaemic activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by Sorangium cellulosum. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 38:223-8. [PMID: 14962044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the structural features and hypoglycaemic activity of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Sorangium cellulosum NUST06. METHODS AND RESULTS The chemical structure of the EPS from S. cellulosum NUST06 was determined by gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The EPS was composed of a beta-D-(1-->4)-glucose backbone with alpha-D-(1-->6)-mannose side chains. The molecular weight of the EPS was approx. 2x10(5) Da. Healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were used in the study. Blood glucose levels of the experimental animals during the trial period were analysed by a glucose test kit based on the glucose oxidase method. When 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of purified EPS was orally administered for 7 days, the serum glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic mice was reduced by 35.9 and 41.4% (P<0.01), and the serum glucose in healthy mice was reduced by 27.3 and 30.1% (P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The EPS produced by S. cellulosum NUST06 decreased blood glucose levels distinctly in both healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To elucidated the chemical structure of the EPS from S. cellulosum NUST06 and exploited the anti-diabetic potential of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ding
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, PR China
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