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Zhou ZW, Long HZ, Xu SG, Li FJ, Cheng Y, Luo HY, Gao LC. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Cervical Cancer: Based on Inflammatory Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899208. [PMID: 35645817 PMCID: PMC9136176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body to an irritant. When an inflammatory response occurs, immune cells are recruited to the injury, eliminating the irritation. The excessive inflammatory response can cause harm to the organism. Inflammation has been found to contribute to cervical cancer if there is a problem with the regulation of inflammatory response. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, and the incidence tends to be younger. The harm of cervical cancer cannot be ignored. The standard treatments for cervical cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis for this treatment is poor, so it is urgent to find a safer and more effective treatment. Natural products are considered excellent candidates for the treatment of cervical cancer. In this review, we first describe the mechanisms by which inflammation induces cervical cancer. Subsequently, we highlight natural products that can treat cervical cancer through inflammatory pathways. We also introduce natural products for the treatment of cervical cancer in clinical trials. Finally, methods to improve the anticancer properties of natural products were added, and the development status of natural products was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo-Guo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Changsha, China
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Sui Y, Peng S. A Mechanism Leading to Changes in Copy Number Variations Affected by Transcriptional Level Might Be Involved in Evolution, Embryonic Development, Senescence, and Oncogenesis Mediated by Retrotransposons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618113. [PMID: 33644055 PMCID: PMC7905054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, more and more evidence has emerged showing that changes in copy number variations (CNVs) correlated with the transcriptional level can be found during evolution, embryonic development, and oncogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The success of the induced pluripotent stem cell suggests that genome changes could bring about transformations in protein expression and cell status; conversely, genome alterations generated during embryonic development and senescence might also be the result of genome changes. With rapid developments in science and technology, evidence of changes in the genome affected by transcriptional level has gradually been revealed, and a rational and concrete explanation is needed. Given the preference of the HIV-1 genome to insert into transposons of genes with high transcriptional levels, we propose a mechanism based on retrotransposons facilitated by specific pre-mRNA splicing style and homologous recombination (HR) to explain changes in CNVs in the genome. This mechanism is similar to that of the group II intron that originated much earlier. Under this proposed mechanism, CNVs on genome are dynamically and spontaneously extended in a manner that is positively correlated with transcriptional level or contract as the cell divides during evolution, embryonic development, senescence, and oncogenesis, propelling alterations in them. Besides, this mechanism explains several critical puzzles in these processes. From evidence collected to date, it can be deduced that the message contained in genome is not just three-dimensional but will become four-dimensional, carrying more genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sui
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang ZH, Dang YQ, Ji G. Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2863-2877. [PMID: 31249445 PMCID: PMC6589733 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation-promoted tumorigenesis have become an important topic in cancer research. Various abnormal epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA regulation, occur during the transformation of chronic inflammation into colorectal cancer (CRC). These changes not only accelerate transformation but also lead to cancer progression and metastasis by activating carcinogenic signaling pathways. The NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways play a particularly important role in the transformation of inflammation into CRC, and both are critical to cellular signal transduction and constantly activated in cancer by various abnormal changes including epigenetics. The NF-κB and STAT3 signals contribute to the microenvironment for tumorigenesis through secretion of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their crosstalk in the nucleus makes it even more difficult to treat CRC. Compared with gene mutation that is irreversible, epigenetic inheritance is reversible or can be altered by the intervention. Therefore, understanding the role of epigenetic inheritance in the inflammation-cancer transformation may elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC and promote the development of innovative drugs targeting transformation to prevent and treat this malignancy. This review summarizes the literature on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the occurrence and development of inflammation-induced CRC. Exploring the role of epigenetics in the transformation of inflammation into CRC may help stimulate futures studies on the role of molecular therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Meng QB, Peng JJ, Qu ZW, Zhu XM, Wen Z, Kang WM. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 and human digestive system neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:449-458. [PMID: 31236196 PMCID: PMC6580320 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i6.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2), as one of the two isoforms in the family, is reported to be a novel oncogenic protein that is involved in multiple aspects of many types of human cancer. Overexpression or gene amplification of EIF5A2 has been demonstrated in many cancers. Accumulated evidence shows that eIF5A2 initiates tumor formation, enhances cancer cell growth, increases cancer cell metastasis, and promotes treatment resistance through multiple means, including inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cytoskeletal rearrangement, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. Expression of eIF5A2 in cancer correlates with poor survival, advanced disease stage, as well as metastasis, suggesting that eIF5A2 function is crucial for tumor development and maintenance but not for normal tissue homeostasis. All these studies suggest that eIF5A2 is a useful biomarker in the prediction of cancer prognosis and serves as an anticancer molecular target. This review focuses on the expression, subcellular localization, post-translational modifications, and regulatory networks of eIF5A2, as well as its biochemical functions and evolving clinical applications in cancer, especially in human digestive system neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430015, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Wei Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | | | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Ming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Wang FF, Liu MZ, Sui Y, Cao Q, Yan B, Jin ML, Mo X. Deficiency of SUMO-specific protease 1 induces arsenic trioxide-mediated apoptosis by regulating XBP1 activity in human acute promyelocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3755-3762. [PMID: 27895727 PMCID: PMC5104160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)/sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1), a member of the SENP family, is highly expressed in several neoplastic tissues. However, the effect of SENP1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has not been elucidated. In the present study, it was observed that SENP1 deficiency had no effect on the spontaneous apoptosis or differentiation of NB4 cells. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) could induce the upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in the apoptosis of NB4 cells. Additionally, knockdown of SENP1 significantly increased As2O3-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting SENP1. SENP1 deficiency also increased the accumulation of SUMOylated X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which was accompanied by the downregulation of the messenger RNA expression and transcriptional activity of the XBP1 target genes endoplasmic reticulum-localized DnaJ 4 and Sec61a, which were involved in ER stress and closely linked to the apoptosis of NB4 cells. Taken together, these results revealed that the specific de-SUMOylation activity of SENP1 for XBP1 was involved in the ER stress-mediated apoptosis caused by As2O3 treatment in NB4 cells, thus providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for APL treatment via manipulating XBP1 signaling during ER stress by targeting SENP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Wang
- Institute for Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China; Shanghai YiBeiRui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Shanghai YiBeiRui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yi Sui
- Shanghai YiBeiRui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shanghai YiBeiRui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Jin
- Shanghai YiBeiRui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Xi Mo
- Institute for Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Abstract
We report a case series of acute arsenic poisoning of 2 siblings, a 4-month-old male infant and his 2-year-old sister. Each child ingested solubilized inorganic arsenic from an outdated pesticide that was misidentified as spring water. The 4-month-old child ingested a dose of arsenic that was lethal despite extraordinary attempts at arsenic removal, including chelation therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, exchange transfusion, and hemodialysis. The 2-year-old fared well with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa W Lai
- Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts, USA.
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Bogusz MJ, al Tufail M, Hassan H. How natural are 'natural herbal remedies'? A Saudi perspective. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS 2003; 21:219-29. [PMID: 12503255 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption of herbal remedies in industrialised and developing countries. Users of herbal remedies are at risk of toxicity and adverse interactions of herbal preparations due to their frequent contamination with metals and adulteration with synthetic drugs. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of herbal remedies present on the market in Saudi Arabia in recent years. METHODOLOGY 247 herbal remedies and related preparations were examined from 2000-2001 at the Toxicology Laboratory, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Herbal powder samples were the most common sample type examined (n = 80), followed by complete, packed preparations (n = 59), single undescribed capsules or pills (n = 46), loose plant leaves or seeds (n = 28), creams (n = 18) and liquid or jelly samples (n = 16). All samples were subjected to toxicological screening for organic substances using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, screening for heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, and lead) using inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and microbiological examination. RESULTS The preparations analysed were used to treat the following indications: leukaemia and other forms of cancer (n = 22); obesity (n = 18); diabetes mellitus (n = 14); rheumatic disorders (n = 14); skin pigmentation problems (n = 11); or to enhance male sexual activity (n = 9). In 123 cases, the indication of use was not known. 39 samples contained high concentrations of heavy metals. This was particularly striking in remedies used to treat leukaemia (arsenic content of 522-161,600 ppm) and in creams for whitening skin (mercury content of 5,700-126,000 ppm). Eight preparations contained synthetic drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in sedative preparations, cyproheptadine in a remedy to gain bodyweight, ibuprofen and dipyrone in herbal capsules used to treat rheumatism). 18 samples were contaminated with micro-organisms. 14 samples contained toxic substances of natural origin. Of the 247 examined preparations, 77 (i.e. over 30%) were disqualified due to high heavy metals content, bacterial contamination or presence of toxic organic substances. CONCLUSION The study shows an urgent need to control the production, importing and selling of herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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