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Linløkken AN. Effects of Lake Productivity on Density and Size Structure of Pelagic Fish Estimated by Means of Echosounding in 17 Lakes in Southeast Norway. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103391. [PMID: 34068049 PMCID: PMC8152495 DOI: 10.3390/s21103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Density estimation of pelagic fish was performed by means of single beam echosounding in 17 lakes within a period of 34 years, from 1985 to 2018. Surveys were performed repeatedly (two to fourteen times) in five lakes. The density estimates ranged from 34 to 4720 fish/ha and were significantly correlated with total phosphorus concentration. The high density in relatively phosphorus rich lakes (TP > 10 µg/L) was comprised of small fish (<20 cm) and was partly due to the higher number of pelagic fish species. The number of pelagic species varied from one, Arctic charr, in the most elevated and oligotrophic lakes, and whitefish dominated in less elevated oligotrophic lakes. In lowland lakes characterized as mesotrophic or tending to mesotrophy, smelt, vendace, and two to three cyprinids comprised the pelagic fish stock. These fish species predate zooplankton effectively, and species composition and body size of planktonic cladocerans was affected by fish density. Large species of Daphnia were lacking in lakes with high fish density, and body size of present species, D. galeata, D. cristata, and Bosmina spp. were negatively correlated with pelagic fish density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne N Linløkken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
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2
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Costa AC, Balibrea A, Raposeiro PM, Santos S, Souto M, Gonçalves V. Non-indigenous and Invasive Freshwater Species on the Atlantic Islands of the Azores Archipelago. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.631214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater systems on remote oceanic islands are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. The case of freshwater ecosystems in the Azores Archipelago is especially relevant considering the islands’ youth and remoteness, and low natural connectivity. This study presents a review of the introduction and presence of non-indigenous freshwater species in the Azores, retrieved from various historical records, paleoenvironmental reconstructions, published records, and field data from two decades of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) monitoring programs. At least 132 non-indigenous freshwater species have successfully established in the Azores, belonging to several taxonomic groups: cyanobacteria (10), synurophytes (1), desmids (1), diatoms (20), plants (41), invertebrates (45), amphibia (2), and fishes (12). Intentional and accidental introductions have been occurring since the establishment of the first human settlers on the archipelago, impacting freshwater ecosystems. The first reported introductions in the Azores were intentional fish stocking in some lakes. Non-deliberate introductions have recently increased through transport-contaminants (51%) associated with the aquarium trade or agricultural products. In the Azores, the highest number of non-indigenous species occur on the largest and most populated island, São Miguel Island (116), followed by Flores (68). Plants constitute the most representative group of introduced species on all islands, but invertebrates, diatoms, and fishes are also well established on most islands. Among invertebrates, non-indigenous arthropods are the most well-established group on all islands except on the smallest Corvo Island. Many non-indigenous species will likely benefit from climate change and magnified by globalization that increases the probability of the movement of tropical and subtropical species to the Azores. Present trends in international trade, importations, and enhanced connectivity of the archipelago by increasing flights and shipping will probably promote the arrival of new species. Augmented connectivity among islands is likely to improve non-indigenous species dispersal within the archipelago as accidental transportation seems to be an essential pathway for non-indigenous freshwater species already present in the Azores.
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Joachim S, Beaudouin R, Daniele G, Geffard A, Bado-Nilles A, Tebby C, Palluel O, Dedourge-Geffard O, Fieu M, Bonnard M, Palos-Ladeiro M, Turiès C, Vulliet E, David V, Baudoin P, James A, Andres S, Porcher JM. Effects of diclofenac on sentinel species and aquatic communities in semi-natural conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111812. [PMID: 33472112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the potential hazard of diclofenac on aquatic organisms and the lack of higher-tier ecotoxicological studies, a long-term freshwater mesocosm experiment was set up to study the effects of this substance on primary producers and consumers at environmentally realistic nominal concentrations 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L (average effective concentrations 0.041, 0.44 and 3.82 µg/L). During the six-month exposure period, the biovolume of two macrophyte species (Nasturtium officinale and Callitriche platycarpa) significantly decreased at the highest treatment level. Subsequently, a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels was observed. High mortality rates, effects on immunity, and high genotoxicity were found for encaged zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in all treatments. In the highest treatment level, one month after the beginning of the exposure, mortality of adult fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) caused effects on the final population structure. Total abundance of fish and the percentage of juveniles decreased whereas the percentage of adults increased. This led to an overall shift in the length frequency distribution of the F1 generation compared to the control. Consequently, indirect effects on the community structure of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates were observed in the highest treatment level. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) value at the individual level was < 0.1 µg/L and 1 µg/L at the population and community levels. Our study showed that in more natural conditions, diclofenac could cause more severe effects compared to those observed in laboratory conditions. The use of our results for regulatory matters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joachim
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France.
| | - R Beaudouin
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - G Daniele
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - A Bado-Nilles
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - C Tebby
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - O Palluel
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - O Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - M Fieu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Bonnard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - M Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - C Turiès
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - E Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V David
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - P Baudoin
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - A James
- Expertise entoxicologie/écotoxicologie des substances chimiques (ETES), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - S Andres
- Expertise entoxicologie/écotoxicologie des substances chimiques (ETES), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - J M Porcher
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
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Ke Z, Xie P, Guo L. Ecological restoration and factors regulating phytoplankton community in a hypertrophic shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu Z, Hu J, Zhong P, Zhang X, Ning J, Larsen SE, Chen D, Gao Y, He H, Jeppesen E. Successful restoration of a tropical shallow eutrophic lake: Strong bottom-up but weak top-down effects recorded. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 146:88-97. [PMID: 30236468 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish manipulation has been used to restore lakes in the temperate zone. Often strong short-term cascading effects have been obtained, but the long term-perspectives are less clear. Fish manipulation methods are far less advanced for warm lakes, and it is debatable whether it is, in fact, possible to create a trophic cascade in warm lakes due to the dominance and high densities of fast-reproducing omnivorous fish. However, removal of benthic feeding fish also reduce disturbance of the sediment, which not only affects the nutrient level but also the concentration of suspended organic and inorganic matter with enhanced water clarity and potentially better growth conditions for submerged macrophytes. We conducted a biomanipulation experiment in one of the basins in Chinese Huizhou West Lake that have remained highly turbid after extensive nutrient loading reduction. Another basin was used as control (control-treatment pairing design). Removal of a substantial amount of plankti-benthivorous fish was followed by planting of submerged macrophytes and stocking of piscivorous fish. We found strong and relatively long-lasting effects of the restoration initiative in the form of substantial improvements in water clarity and major reductions in nutrient concentrations, particularly total phosphorus, phytoplankton and turbidity, while only minor effects were detected for crustacean zooplankton grazers occurring in low densities before as well as after the restoration. Our results add importantly to the existing knowledge of restoration of warm lakes and are strongly relevant, not least in Asia where natural lakes frequently are used extensively for fish production, often involving massive stocking of benthivorous fish. With a growing economy and development of more efficient fish production systems, the interest in restoring lakes is increasing world-wide. We found convincing evidence that fish removal and piscivores stocking combined with transplantation of submerged macrophytes may have significant effects on water clarity in warm shallow lakes even if the zooplankton grazing potential remains low, the latter most likely as a result of high predation on the zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinrun Hu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Ning
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Søren E Larsen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Deyuan Chen
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hu He
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Bioscience and Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland Climate Research Centre (GCRC), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, P.O. Box 570 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
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Soria-Díaz L, Fowler MS, Monroy-Vilchis O. Top-down and bottom-up control on cougar and its prey in a central Mexican natural reserve. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Atkinson CL, Capps KA, Rugenski AT, Vanni MJ. Consumer-driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: from individuals to ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:2003-2023. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla L. Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 U.S.A
| | - Krista A. Capps
- Odum School of Ecology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 U.S.A
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; University of Georgia; Aiken SC 29808 U.S.A
| | - Amanda T. Rugenski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Vanni
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology; Miami University; Oxford OH 45056 U.S.A
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Spears BM, Mackay EB, Yasseri S, Gunn IDM, Waters KE, Andrews C, Cole S, De Ville M, Kelly A, Meis S, Moore AL, Nürnberg GK, van Oosterhout F, Pitt JA, Madgwick G, Woods HJ, Lürling M. A meta-analysis of water quality and aquatic macrophyte responses in 18 lakes treated with lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock(®)). WATER RESEARCH 2016; 97:111-21. [PMID: 26433547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) modified bentonite is being increasingly used as a geo-engineering tool for the control of phosphorus (P) release from lake bed sediments to overlying waters. However, little is known about its effectiveness in controlling P across a wide range of lake conditions or of its potential to promote rapid ecological recovery. We combined data from 18 treated lakes to examine the lake population responses in the 24 months following La-bentonite application (range of La-bentonite loads: 1.4-6.7 tonnes ha(-1)) in concentrations of surface water total phosphorus (TP; data available from 15 lakes), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; 14 lakes), and chlorophyll a (15 lakes), and in Secchi disk depths (15 lakes), aquatic macrophyte species numbers (6 lakes) and aquatic macrophyte maximum colonisation depths (4 lakes) across the treated lakes. Data availability varied across the lakes and variables, and in general monitoring was more frequent closer to the application dates. Median annual TP concentrations decreased significantly across the lakes, following the La-bentonite applications (from 0.08 mg L(-1) in the 24 months pre-application to 0.03 mg L(-1) in the 24 months post-application), particularly in autumn (0.08 mg L(-1) to 0.03 mg L(-1)) and winter (0.08 mg L(-1) to 0.02 mg L(-1)). Significant decreases in SRP concentrations over annual (0.019 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)), summer (0.018 mg L(-1) to 0.004 mg L(-1)), autumn (0.019 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)) and winter (0.033 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)) periods were also reported. P concentrations following La-bentonite application varied across the lakes and were correlated positively with dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Relatively weak, but significant responses were reported for summer chlorophyll a concentrations and Secchi disk depths following La-bentonite applications, the 75th percentile values decreasing from 119 μg L(-1) to 74 μg L(-1) and increasing from 398 cm to 506 cm, respectively. Aquatic macrophyte species numbers and maximum colonisation depths increased following La-bentonite application from a median of 5.5 species to 7.0 species and a median of 1.8 m to 2.5 m, respectively. The aquatic macrophyte responses varied significantly between lakes. La-bentonite application resulted in a general improvement in water quality leading to an improvement in the aquatic macrophyte community within 24 months. However, because, the responses were highly site-specific, we stress the need for comprehensive pre- and post-application assessments of processes driving ecological structure and function in candidate lakes to inform future use of this and similar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Eleanor B Mackay
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Said Yasseri
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, D-28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Iain D M Gunn
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Kate E Waters
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Cole
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BD, UK
| | - Mitzi De Ville
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Broads Authority, Yare House, 62-64 Thorpe Road, Norwich, NR1 1RY, UK
| | - Sebastian Meis
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK; Lanaplan GbR, Lobbericher Str. 5, D-41334, Nettetal, Germany
| | - Alanna L Moore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | | | - Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo-Anne Pitt
- Environment Agency, Station Road, Haddiscoe, Great Yarmouth, NR31 9JA, UK
| | | | - Helen J Woods
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chaudhuri A, Mukherjee S, Homechaudhuri S. Dietary preference and digestive physiology of plankti-benthivorous fishes inhabiting mudflats of Indian Sundarban estuaries. TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2016.1154286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xiaoxia HAN, Guangwei ZHU, Zhixu WU, Weimin CHEN, Mengyuan ZHU. Spatial-temporal variations of water quality parameters in Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao) and the water protection strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.18307/2013.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Anttila S, Ketola M, Vakkilainen K, Kairesalo T. Assessing temporal representativeness of water quality monitoring data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:589-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Davidson TA, Liu Z, Mazzeo N, Trochine C, Özkan K, Jensen HS, Trolle D, Starling F, Lazzaro X, Johansson LS, Bjerring R, Liboriussen L, Larsen SE, Landkildehus F, Egemose S, Meerhoff M. Biomanipulation as a Restoration Tool to Combat Eutrophication. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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13
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Wymore AS, Keeley ATH, Yturralde KM, Schroer ML, Propper CR, Whitham TG. Genes to ecosystems: exploring the frontiers of ecology with one of the smallest biological units. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:19-36. [PMID: 21631507 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genes and their expression levels in individual species can structure whole communities and affect ecosystem processes. Although much has been written about community and ecosystem phenotypes with a few model systems, such as poplar and goldenrod, here we explore the potential application of a community genetics approach with systems involving invasive species, climate change and pollution. We argue that community genetics can reveal patterns and processes that otherwise might remain undetected. To further facilitate the community genetics or genes-to-ecosystem concept, we propose four community genetics postulates that allow for the conclusion of a causal relationship between the gene and its effect on the ecosystem. Although most current studies do not satisfy these criteria completely, several come close and, in so doing, begin to provide a genetic-based understanding of communities and ecosystems, as well as a sound basis for conservation and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Wymore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Annika T H Keeley
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kasey M Yturralde
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Melanie L Schroer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Catherine R Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Roth BM, Hrabik TR, Solomon CT, Mercado-Silva N, Kitchell JF. A simulation of food-web interactions leading to rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dominance in Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1379-1405. [PMID: 21039511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A process-based simulation model was used to examine the nature and intensity of food-web interactions that allow Osmerus mordax to dominate invaded lakes. The model simulates food-web interactions among linked populations of O. mordax, Coregonus artedi and Sander vitreus. Simulations indicated that O. mordax dominate where: (1) adult O. mordax prey on young-of-the-year (YOY) C. artedi, (2) YOY O. mordax negatively affect YOY S. vitreus through competition and (3) adult S. vitreus experience moderate fishing mortality. Osmerus mordax dominated simulations across a broad range of variable values that regulated competition and predation, and displayed threshold responses to increasing angler harvest. Consequently, angler harvest should be carefully managed in lakes susceptible to O. mordax invasions because the alternative could lead to fishery collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Roth
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Graham CT, Harrod C. Implications of climate change for the fishes of the British Isles. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1143-1205. [PMID: 20735625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent climatic change has been recorded across the globe. Although environmental change is a characteristic feature of life on Earth and has played a major role in the evolution and global distribution of biodiversity, predicted future rates of climatic change, especially in temperature, are such that they will exceed any that has occurred over recent geological time. Climate change is considered as a key threat to biodiversity and to the structure and function of ecosystems that may already be subject to significant anthropogenic stress. The current understanding of climate change and its likely consequences for the fishes of Britain and Ireland and the surrounding seas are reviewed through a series of case studies detailing the likely response of several marine, diadromous and freshwater fishes to climate change. Changes in climate, and in particular, temperature have and will continue to affect fish at all levels of biological organization: cellular, individual, population, species, community and ecosystem, influencing physiological and ecological processes in a number of direct, indirect and complex ways. The response of fishes and of other aquatic taxa will vary according to their tolerances and life stage and are complex and difficult to predict. Fishes may respond directly to climate-change-related shifts in environmental processes or indirectly to other influences, such as community-level interactions with other taxa. However, the ability to adapt to the predicted changes in climate will vary between species and between habitats and there will be winners and losers. In marine habitats, recent changes in fish community structure will continue as fishes shift their distributions relative to their temperature preferences. This may lead to the loss of some economically important cold-adapted species such as Gadus morhua and Clupea harengus from some areas around Britain and Ireland, and the establishment of some new, warm-adapted species. Increased temperatures are likely to favour cool-adapted (e.g. Perca fluviatilis) and warm-adapted freshwater fishes (e.g. roach Rutilus rutilus and other cyprinids) whose distribution and reproductive success may currently be constrained by temperature rather than by cold-adapted species (e.g. salmonids). Species that occur in Britain and Ireland that are at the edge of their distribution will be most affected, both negatively and positively. Populations of conservation importance (e.g.Salvelinus alpinus and Coregonus spp.) may decline irreversibly. However, changes in food-web dynamics and physiological adaptation, for example because of climate change, may obscure or alter predicted responses. The residual inertia in climate systems is such that even a complete cessation in emissions would still leave fishes exposed to continued climate change for at least half a century. Hence, regardless of the success or failure of programmes aimed at curbing climate change, major changes in fish communities can be expected over the next 50 years with a concomitant need to adapt management strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Graham
- Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork, Ireland
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Mehner T, Diekmann M, Gonsiorczyk T, Kasprzak P, Koschel R, Krienitz L, Rumpf M, Schulz M, Wauer G. Rapid Recovery from Eutrophication of a Stratified Lake by Disruption of Internal Nutrient Load. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anttila S, Kairesalo T, Pellikka P. A feasible method to assess inaccuracy caused by patchiness in water quality monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 142:11-22. [PMID: 17891528 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Patchiness is a typical property of water quality in lakes. However, in conventional water quality monitoring, patchiness is usually too expensive to take into account, due to the high number of required samples. This study examines a feasible methodology developed for estimating the representativeness of discrete chlorophyll a measurements. Four spatially extensive data sets were collected from the Enonselkä basin of Lake Vesijärvi in Southern Finland, using a flow trough system with a fluorometer in a moving boat. Data sets were used to estimate (1) the spatial representativeness of discrete sampling; (2) the effect of varying sample size on the detected mean chlorophyll a concentration and on the observed proportion of variance. Spatial representativeness was assessed using semivariogram analysis. Results indicate that the spatial representativeness of discrete sampling can remain undesirably low. Furthermore, in monitoring programs involving just one or only a few samples, there is a significant risk of obtaining a false estimate for the mean value and variance of chlorophyll a concentration over the whole monitoring area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saku Anttila
- Department of Ecological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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SØNDERGAARD MARTIN, JEPPESEN ERIK, LAURIDSEN TORBENL, SKOV CHRISTIAN, VAN NES EGBERTH, ROIJACKERS RUDI, LAMMENS EDDY, PORTIELJE ROB. Lake restoration: successes, failures and long-term effects. J Appl Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xie P. Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-006-8102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ostojić A, Ćurčić S, Čomić L, Topuzović M. Estimate of the Eutrophication Process in the Gruža Reservoir (Serbia and Montenegro). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aheh.200500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Räike A, Pietiläinen OP, Rekolainen S, Kauppila P, Pitkänen H, Niemi J, Raateland A, Vuorenmaa J. Trends of phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentrations in Finnish rivers and lakes in 1975-2000. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2003; 310:47-59. [PMID: 12812730 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades the amounts of nutrients discharged to Finnish surface waters have markedly decreased. This has been achieved by considerable investments in water protection, which were made mainly to improve municipal and industrial wastewater purification. We investigated whether these water protection measures have decreased phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in Finnish rivers and lakes. In addition, possible trends in chlorophyll a concentrations in lakes were studied. The data consisted of a total of over 68000 monitoring results of 22 rivers and 173 lakes (or sub-basins of lakes) with different types of catchment areas. The study period covered the years 1975-2000 and the non-parametric Kendall Tau b and Seasonal Kendall tests were applied for detecting trends. Decreasing nutrient concentration trends were typical in many lakes and rivers earlier polluted by municipal and industrial wastewaters. Increasing nutrient concentration trends were common in smaller rivers and lakes receiving diffuse loading from agriculture. The results show that the investments directed towards wastewater purification have effectively improved the quality of Finnish inland waters. However, no clear effects of decreasing non-point loading were found. Thus, more effective measures should be directed towards decreasing non-point source loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Räike
- Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland. antti@
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Dawes-Gromadzki TZ. Trophic trickles rather than cascades: Conditional top-down and bottom-up dynamics in an Australian chenopod shrubland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tallberg P, Koski-Vähälä J, Hartikainen H. Germanium-68 as a tracer for silicon fluxes in freshwater sediment. WATER RESEARCH 2002; 36:956-962. [PMID: 11848366 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of Si may decisively influence the P dynamics in surface sediment through competitive ligand exchange mechanisms. Many aspects of the process, such as the impact of Si dissolving from diatoms, are both insufficiently known and difficult to monitor by quantitative analyses due to the ubiquitousness of Si in sediment. Since the radioactive isotopes of Si have impractical half-times, the applicability of 68Ge as a tracer for Si additions in both inorganic and biogenic form to freshwater sediment (Lake Vesijärvi, Southern Finland) was studied in a 24-h laboratory experiment. The 68Ge-label was added to the sediment with either inorganic Si (940mg l(-1)) or diatoms (3.2 x 10(6) cellsl(-1)), and the distributions of the 68Ge-label and the different forms of added Si between the interstitial water and sequentially extracted, solid-phase sediment pools were critically examined. The inorganic Si addition significantly increased the amount of Si in the interstitial water and in the reversibly bound fraction, while the diatom addition had no discernible effects. The relative distribution of Si and 68Ge between the various sediment pools indicated that the first sorption phase of the added inorganic Si was similar to that reported for P. The high concentration of diatom-derived 68Ge-labelled Si in the interstitial water and in the easily soluble, reversibly bound pool indicated rapid dissolution of the added diatoms. The comparable distributions of the diatom-derived and inorganic Si-derived 68Ge-label within the studied pools indicated that the sorption of Si dissolving from diatoms in surface sediment closely resembles that of an inorganic addition of Si. Caution about the chemical speciation of the 68Ge-label is, however, advisable in sediment environments. Fractionation procedures designed for e.g. P may also be of limited use when applied to a different element, such as Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Tallberg
- Department of Limnology and Environmental Protection, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Guoxiang WANG, Xiaoying CHENG, Peimin PU. Lake Eutrophication Control in Technology, Theory and Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.18307/2002.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Koski-Vähälä J, Hartikainen H, Tallberg P. Phosphorus mobilization from various sediment pools in response to increased pH and silicate concentration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2001; 30:546-552. [PMID: 11285916 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2001.302546x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) release from sediment particles to the interstitial water has been studied extensively, but the contribution of different inorganic P pools in sediment under differing environmental conditions is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to get more detailed information about the chemical mobilization mechanisms. Phosphorus mobilization from reserves bound by Al, Fe, and Ca compounds in response to increased pH and to inorganic silicon (Si) enrichments was investigated using a sequential fractionation analysis and an isotope-labeling technique. The aerobic sediment of Lake Vesijärvi had a high P retention capacity, and Fe-bound P was the largest inorganic P pool as well as the main source of released P. High Si addition (47 mg Si L-1 sediment) released more P to the interstitial water than did the elevation of pH from 6.6 to 9.5, since Si lowered the resorption of released P onto hydrated Al oxides. This finding reveals that P equilibrium between Fe-bound and Al-bound P in sediments regulates P net mobilization to the interstitial water under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, elevated pH combined with high Si enrichment had a positive synergistic effect, resulting in the most substantial P mobilization. This synergism may cause a self-fueled increase in the internal loading of P. It accentuates the effect of diatom sedimentation on P fluxes in eutrophic lakes with high pH and may favor the appearance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koski-Vähälä
- Dep. of Limnology and Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki Univ., Finland.
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