Hepatitis G virus or hepatitis GB virus type C infection in thalassemic patients

Pädiatrische Transfusionsmedizin

Die pädiatrische Transfusionsmedizin unterscheidet sich durch Erkrankungen, die auf besondere Blutgruppeninkompatibilitäten zwischen Mutter und Fetus zurückzuführen sind, sowie durch die altersabhängig unterschiedlichen Blutvolumina und Transfusionsgrenzen wesentlich von der Transfusionsmedizin im Erwachsenenalter.

Pädiatrische Transfusionsmedizin

Die Indikation zur Transfusion von Blutprodukten wird in den letzten Jahren zurückhaltender gestellt. Dazu trägt die Sorge vor möglichen übertragbaren Infektionen ebenso bei wie eine verbesserte Kenntnis der Gewebeoxygenierung. Prinzipiell sollten nur die fehlenden Blutkomponenten verabreicht werden, die der Patient benötigt, und alle unnötigen und möglicherweise gefährlichen Bestandteile vermieden werden („Hämotherapie nach Maß“). In der Intensivmedizin erlaubt z.B. die Messung der zerebralen Sauerstoffausschöpfung eine auf die individuelle Oxygenierung des Patienten abgestimmte Entscheidung zur Erythrozytensubstitution; vorgegebene starre Transfusionsgrenzen verlieren dadurch an Bedeutung.

Detection and genotyping of GBV-C virus in the United Arab Emirates

GB virus-C/Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), collectively known as GBV-C, is spread widely and has been reported to be associated with non A-E hepatitis. The aim of the current project was to determine the rate of infection and genotypic characteristics of GBV-C in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 379 plasma/serum samples representing different populations in the UAE and comprising healthy as well as patients positive for HBV and HCV were screened using RT-PCR/nested PCR of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). National subjects (n=168) and non-nationals residing in the UAE (n=211) were tested. The results obtained showed that the rate of GBV-C infection in healthy nationals, and those positive for HCV or HBV were 11.1%, 14.3%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared to 8.3%, 33.3%, and 8.6%, respectively, in non-nationals. No statistically significant correlation between infection with GBV-C and HCV or HBV (P>0.05) was found. Sequence analysis of the 5'-UTR using 37 and 46 clones from 8 and 6 healthy nationals and non-nationals, respectively, revealed the prevalence of the European/North American genotype 2 when compared to the five reference genotypes in GenBank.

Hepatitis-C-virus genotypes and hepatitis-G-virus infection in Lebanese thalassaemics

Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis G virus (HGV) and the carrier 'rate' for hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) were investigated in thalassaemia patients in Lebanon, a group that has not been studied in the past. The HCV genotypes and their distribution in the 395 thalassaemics, all of whom had been registered at the Chronic Care Center (CCC) in Hazmieh since 1996, were also studied. Of the 55 samples (14%) found positive for anti-HCV, 19 were also positive for HCV RNA. The 19 samples of HCV RNA were mostly of genotype 4 (37%), followed by 1a and 3a (21% each), lb (16%) and 2b (5%). Most (14; 74%) of the 19 HCV-RNA-positive samples, but only 13 (36%) of the 36 samples that were negative for HCV RNA although anti-HCV-positive, were positive for anti-HGV. Among 100 anti-HCV-negative samples, eight (8%) were anti-HGV positive. Only one (0.28%) of all 395 patients investigated was found to be HBsAg-positive. All of the HBV- and HCV-positive patients had initially been found positive in 1996, when they were first registered at the CCC, and none of the remaining patients had seroconverted since. As none of the patients had been checked for anti-HGV until the present study, the history of their exposure to HGV was unknown. These results emphasise the importance of screening all blood donations collected in Lebanon for HBsAg and anti-HCV. This and stringent infection-control measures are necessary steps to limit the spread of HBV, HCV and perhaps HGV to thalassaemics.