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Tantiworawit A, Kamolsripat T, Piriyakhuntorn P, Rattanathammethee T, Hantrakool S, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Rattarittamrong E, Norasetthada L, Fanhchaksai K, Charoenkwan P. Survival and causes of death in patients with alpha and beta-thalassemia in Northern Thailand. Ann Med 2024; 56:2338246. [PMID: 38604224 PMCID: PMC11011226 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2338246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalassemia is the most prevalent hereditary anaemia worldwide. Severe forms of thalassemia can lead to reduced life expectancy due to disease-related complications. OBJECTIVES To investigate the survival of thalassemia patients across varying disease severity, causes of death and related clinical factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of thalassemia patients who received medical care at Chiang Mai University Hospital. The analysis focused on survival outcomes, and potential associations between clinical factors and patient survival. RESULTS A total of 789 patients were included in our study cohort. Among them, 38.1% had Hb H disease, 35.4% had Hb E/beta-thalassemia and 26.5% had beta-thalassemia major. Half of the patients (50.1%) required regular transfusions. Sixty-five patients (8.2%) had deceased. The predominant causes of mortality were infection-related (36.9%) and cardiac complications (27.7%). Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) (adjusted HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.39-9.72, p = 0.008) and a mean serum ferritin level ≥3000 ng/mL (adjusted HR 4.18, 95% CI 2.20-7.92, p < 0.001) were independently associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the primary contributors to mortality in patients with thalassemia as infection-related issues and cardiac complications. It also underscores the significant impact of TDT and elevated serum ferritin levels on the survival of thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisak Tantiworawit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Thalassemia and Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thansita Kamolsripat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Rattanathammethee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasinee Hantrakool
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Rattarittamrong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lalita Norasetthada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanda Fanhchaksai
- Thalassemia and Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimlak Charoenkwan
- Thalassemia and Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Yu Y, Yang K. Secondary amenorrhea in a β-thalassemia major patient treated with thalidomide. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30982. [PMID: 38526227 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiang'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yibin, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
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Bizri M, Koleilat R, Akiki N, Dergham R, Mihailescu AM, Bou-Fakhredin R, Musallam KM, Taher AT. Quality of life, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment in adults with β-thalassemia. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101181. [PMID: 38341336 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Advances in understanding the disease process in β-thalassemia supported development of various treatment strategies that resulted in improved survival. Improved survival, however, allowed multiple morbidities to manifest and cemented the need for frequent, lifelong treatment. This has directly impacted patients' health-related quality of life and opened the door for various psychiatric and cognitive disorders to potentially develop. In this review, we summarize available evidence on quality of life, depression and anxiety, suicidality, and cognitive impairment in adult patients with β-thalassemia while sharing our personal insights from experience in treating patients with both transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Koleilat
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Akiki
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Dergham
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Khaled M Musallam
- Center for Research on Rare Blood Disorders (CR-RBD), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Meloni A, Pistoia L, Putti MC, Longo F, Corigliano E, Ricchi P, Rossi V, Casini T, Righi R, Renne S, Peritore G, Barbuto L, Positano V, Cademartiri F. Pancreatic iron in pediatric transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients: A longitudinal MRI study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30923. [PMID: 38385860 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients, we evaluated the prevalence, pattern, and clinical associations of pancreatic siderosis and the changes in pancreatic iron levels and their association with baseline and changes in total body iron balance. PROCEDURE We considered 86 pediatric TDT patients consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia Network. Iron overload (IO) was quantified by R2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Sixty-three (73%) patients had pancreatic IO (R2* > 38 Hz). Global pancreas R2* values were significantly correlated with mean serum ferritin levels, MRI liver iron concentration (LIC) values, and global heart R2* values. Global pancreas R2* values were significantly higher in patients with altered versus normal glucose metabolism. Thirty-one patients also performed the follow-up MRI at 18 ± 3 months. Higher pancreatic R2* values were detected at the follow-up, but the difference versus the baseline MRI was not significant. The 20% of patients with baseline pancreatic IO showed no pancreatic IO at the follow-up. The 46% of patients without baseline pancreatic IO developed pancreatic siderosis. The changes in global pancreas R2* between the two MRIs were not correlated with baseline serum ferritin levels, baseline, final, and changes in MRI LIC values, or baseline pancreatic iron levels. CONCLUSIONS In children with TDT, pancreatic siderosis is a frequent finding associated with hepatic siderosis and represents a risk factor for myocardial siderosis and alterations of glucose metabolism. Iron removal from the pancreas is exceptionally challenging and independent from hepatic iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Meloni
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistoia
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- U.O.C. Ricerca Clinica, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Putti
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Clinica di Emato-Oncologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Filomena Longo
- Unità Operativa Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Anna,", Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ricchi
- U.O.S.D. Malattie Rare del Globulo Rosso, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Casini
- SOC Oncologia, Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Righi
- Diagnostica per Immagini e Radiologia Interventistica, Ospedale del Delta, Lagosanto, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Renne
- Struttura Complessa di Cardioradiologia-UTIC, Presidio Ospedaliero "Giovanni Paolo II,", Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Peritore
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Radiologia, "ARNAS" Civico, Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Barbuto
- U.O.C. Radiologia Generale e di Pronto Soccorso, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
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Bardón-Cancho EJ, Marco-Sánchez JM, Benéitez-Pastor D, Payán-Pernía S, Llobet AR, Berrueco R, García-Morin M, Beléndez C, Senent L, Acosta MJO, Pleguezuelos IP, Velasco P, Collado A, Moreno-Servet M, Argilés B, de Soto IP, Del Mar Bermúdez M, Salido Fiérrez EJ, Blanco-Álvarez A, Navarro PG, Cela E. Spanish registry of hemoglobinopathies and rare anemias (REHem-AR): demographics, complications, and management of patients with β-thalassemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1525-1539. [PMID: 38519604 PMCID: PMC11009731 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase in the number of patients with hemoglobinopathies in Europe in recent decades highlights the need for more detailed epidemiological information in Spain. To fulfil this need, the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (SEHOP) sponsored the creation of a national registry of hemoglobinopathies known as REHem-AR (Spanish Registry of Hemoglobinopathies and Rare Anemias). Data from the transfusion-dependent (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent (NTDT) β-thalassemia cohorts are described and analyzed. METHODS We performed an observational, multicenter, and ambispective study, which included patients of any age with TDT and NTDT, registered up to December 31, 2021. RESULTS Among the 1741 patients included, 168 cases of thalassemia were identified (103 TDT and 65 NTDT-patients). Survival at 18 years was 93% for TDT and 100% for NTDT. Regarding management, 80 patients with TDT (77.7%) and 23 patients with NTDT (35.4%) started chelation treatment during follow-up, with deferasirox being the most widely used. A total of 76 patients within the TDT cohort presented at least 1 complication (73.8%), the most frequent being hemosiderosis and osteopenia-osteoporosis. Comparison of both cohorts revealed significant differences in the diagnosis of hepatic hemosiderosis (p = 0.00024), although these were not observed in the case of cardiac iron overload (p = 0.27). DISCUSSION Our registry enabled us to describe the management of β thalassemia in Spain and to analyze the morbidity and mortality of the cohorts of patients with TDT and NTDT. Complications related to iron overload in TDT and NTDT account for most of the morbidity and mortality of the disease, which is associated with a considerable social, psychological, and economic impact, although cardiac, osteopathy and endocrinological complications requiring more attention. The convenience and simplicity of online registries make it possible to homogenize variables and periodically update data, thus providing valuable information on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Bardón-Cancho
- Data Manager de Grupo de trabajo de Eritropatología de la Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas (SEHOP), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, España
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - José Manuel Marco-Sánchez
- Data Manager de Grupo de trabajo de Eritropatología de la Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas (SEHOP), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, España
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - David Benéitez-Pastor
- Grupo de Investigación Translacional en Anemias Minoritarias, Unidad de Eritropatología. Servicio de Hematología Clínica. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) y Vall d'Hebron Institut d'Oncologia (VHIO), ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Grupo de Eritropatología SEHH, Grupo Clínico Vinculado GCV21/ER/1, Barcelona, España
| | - Salvador Payán-Pernía
- Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - Anna Ruiz Llobet
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital San Joan de Déu de Barcelona (IRP-HSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Rubén Berrueco
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital San Joan de Déu de Barcelona (IRP-HSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Marina García-Morin
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Cristina Beléndez
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Leonor Senent
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | | | | | - Pablo Velasco
- Servicio de Hematología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Anna Collado
- Servicio de Hematología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Marta Moreno-Servet
- Servicio de Hematología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Bienvenida Argilés
- Servicio de Hematología Infantil, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Inmaculada Pérez de Soto
- Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | | | | | - Adoración Blanco-Álvarez
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular Hematològica. Servei d'Hematologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Murcia, España
| | - Pablo González Navarro
- Bioestadístico. Unidad de Investigación Materno Infantil. Fundación Familia Alonso (UDIMIFFA). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio, Madrid, España
| | - Elena Cela
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Sánchez LM, George A, Friend BD, Bhar S, Sasa G, Doherty EE, Craddock J, Steffin D, Salem B, Yassine K, Omer B, Martinez C, Leung K, Krance RA, John TD. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for B-thalassemia major with alemtuzumab. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 41:260-272. [PMID: 38131101 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2296933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
While matched related donor (MRD) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative option for transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia (TDT), the use of alternative sources has increased, resulting in the exploration of novel transplant-conditioning regimens to reduce the contribution of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft failure (GF) to transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Alemtuzumab is a CD52 monoclonal antibody that has been successfully incorporated into myeloablative conditioning regimens for other hematologic conditions, yet there have been limited studies regarding the use of alemtuzumab in HSCT for TDT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate engraftment, incidence of GVHD, and transplant related morbidity and mortality in patients with TDT who received alemtuzumab in addition to standard busulfan-based conditioning. The primary endpoint was severe GVHD-free, event-free survival (GEFS). Our cohort included 24 patients with a median age of 6.8 years (range 1.5-14.9). Eleven patients received a 10/10 MRD HSCT, eleven 10/10 unrelated donor (UD), and two mismatched UD. All patients achieved primary engraftment. For all patients, 5-year GEFS was 77.4% and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 91%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of GF (attributed to poor graft function) without loss of donor chimerism was 13.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 35.3). We report low rates of significant acute GVHD grade II-IV (12.5%) and chronic GVHD (4.4%). Younger age and MRD were associated with significantly improved GEFS, OS and EFS. Our results show that the use of alemtuzumab promotes stable engraftment, may reduce rates of severe GVHD, and results in acceptable GEFS, OS, and EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisanna M Sánchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anil George
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian D Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saleh Bhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ghadir Sasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin E Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Craddock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Steffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baheyeldin Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khaled Yassine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bilal Omer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert A Krance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tami D John
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Mazhar Ashour MH, Saad HM, Batiha GES. COVID-19 and β-thalassemia: in lieu of evidence and vague nexus. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1423-1433. [PMID: 37405444 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing acute systemic disorders and multi-organ damage. β-thalassemia (β-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder leading to the development of anemia. β-T may lead to complications such as immunological disorders, iron overload, oxidative stress, and endocrinopathy. β-T and associated complications may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2, as inflammatory disturbances and oxidative stress disorders are linked with COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to elucidate the potential link between β-T and COVID-19 regarding the underlying comorbidities. The present review showed that most of the β-T patients with COVID-19 revealed mild to moderate clinical features, and β-T may not be linked with Covid-19 severity. Though patients with transfusion-dependent β-T (TDT) develop less COVID-19 severity compared to non-transfusion-depend β-T(NTDT), preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Li H, Liu C, Huang AM, Zhang J, Yang R, Sha X, Liu Z. COMBINED CENTRAL RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION AS THE PRESENTING FEATURE IN β-THALASSEMIA WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:393-395. [PMID: 36729752 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of β-thalassemia trait with iron deficiency anemia presenting as a combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion. METHODS Case report. A 22-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset blurry vision in the left eye of 3-day duration. RESULTS Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/1000 in right and left eyes, respectively. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed optic disk edema, macular whitening with a cherry-red spot, markedly dilated and tortuous retinal veins, and hemorrhages both around the disk and extending into the macula and the periphery. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed delayed filling of retinal vasculature, dilated and tortuous retinal veins, and blocked fluorescence around and beyond the optic disk. Optical coherence tomography scan at presentation showed hyperreflective inner retinal layers with neurosensory detachment. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed that the vessel densities of superficial and deep capillary plexus were remarkably reduced. A diagnosis of β-thalassemia trait combined with iron deficiency anemia was made after hematologic workup. The patient was treated with a course of oral iron supplements, vasodilator (compound Xueshuantong), inhalation of a mixture of 5% carbon dioxide and 95% oxygen, and a nutritional agent (compound anisoine). Six months later, her visual acuity improved to 20/60 in the left eye with complete resolution of all clinical signs. CONCLUSION Combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion is a rare emergency leading to acute vision loss and can manifest in patients with β-thalassemia trait with iron deficiency anemia. Prompt diagnosis and early management is important to treat underlying systemic disorders and to prevent occurrence of a similar episode in fellow eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangdong Li
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Chengyi Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | | | - Jingyu Zhang
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xiangyin Sha
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
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Almahmoud R, Hussein A, Khaja FA, Soliman AF, Dewedar H, Shareef ZA, Mathai S. Growth and endocrinopathies among children with β-Thalassemia major treated at Dubai Thalassemia centre. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38580952 PMCID: PMC10996095 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Thalassemia major (BTM) is one of the most common hereditary anemias worldwide. Patients suffer from iron overload that results from repeated blood transfusion This in turn leads to multiple organ damage and endocrinopathies. This study aims to assess the prevalence of growth retardation, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents with BTM treated at Dubai Thalassemia Centre. METHODS A total of 105 children and adolescents were included in this retrospective observational study. RESULTS 39 children and 66 adolescents' data were analyzed. Females composed 51.3% (n = 20) of children and 53.0% (n = 35) of adolescents. Pretransfusion hemoglobin below 9 gm/dl was observed in 10.8% (n = 4) and 10.6% (n = 7) in children and adolescents, respectively. The mean age of menarche was 13.5 years. Among all study participants, 22.6% (n = 14) had normal height velocity whereas 37.1% (n = 23) had reduced height velocity in one year and 40.3% (n = 25) had reduced height velocity in two consecutive years. The proportion of children and adolescents showing reduced height velocity was significantly higher in females compared to the males (90.6% versus 63.3%, respectively, Chi-square = 6.597, p-value = 0.010). Although none of the study participants had diabetes mellitus, 26.1% (n = 12/46) had pre-diabetes. Elevated TSH was observed in 14.7% (n = 5) children and 8.1% (n = 5) adolescents while low FT4 was reported in one child and one adolescent. CONCLUSION Of all endocrinopathies seen among children and adolescents with BTM, growth delay remains the main concern for this group of patients. Effective treatment is key to further reducing endocrinopathies. Although the sample size is limited, we postulate that the low percentage of endocrinopathies among children with BTM treated at Dubai thalassemia center and the low level of pretransfusion anemia reflect the effective transfusion and chelation at the center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Almahmoud
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amal Hussein
- Department of Family & Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatheya Al Khaja
- Dubai Thalassemia Centre, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hany Dewedar
- Dubai Thalassemia Centre, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Al Shareef
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Mathai
- Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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10
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Taneera J, Mahgoub E, Qannita R, Alalami A, Shehadat OA, Youssef M, Dib A, Hajji AA, Hajji AA, Al-Khaja F, Dewedar H, Hamad M. β-Thalassemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Current State and Future Directions. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:272-278. [PMID: 37871612 DOI: 10.1055/a-2185-5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia major is a congenital hemoglobin disorder that requires regular blood transfusion. The disease is often associated with iron overload and diabetes mellitus, among other complications. Pancreatic iron overload in β-thalassemia patients disrupts β-cell function and insulin secretion and induces insulin resistance. Several risk factors, including family history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, gender, and advanced age increase the risk of diabetes in β-thalassemia patients. Precautionary measures such as blood glucose monitoring, anti-diabetic medications, and healthy living in β-thalassemia patients notwithstanding, the prevalence of diabetes in β-thalassemia patients continues to rise. This review aims to address the relationship between β-thalassemia and diabetes in an attempt to understand how the pathology and management of β-thalassemia precipitate diabetes mellitus. The possible employment of surrogate biomarkers for early prediction and intervention is discussed. More work is still needed to better understand the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the link between β-thalassemia and diabetes and to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eglal Mahgoub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Qannita
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayah Alalami
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ola Al Shehadat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Youssef
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayah Dib
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa Al Hajji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Al Hajji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hany Dewedar
- Dubai Thalassemia Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- University of Sharjah College of Health Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Aldè M, Ambrosetti U, Giuditta M, Cassinerio E, Piatti G. Effects on hearing after long-term use of iron chelators in beta-thalassemia: Over twenty years of longitudinal follow-up. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:271-275. [PMID: 37903661 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of iron chelation in causing hearing loss (HL) is still unclear. The present study assessed the prevalence of HL among transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients who underwent audiological follow-up over a 20-year period. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical records and audiological tests from January 1990 (T0) to December 2022 (T22) of a group of TDT patients who received iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO), deferiprone (DFP) or deferasirox (DFX), in monotherapy or as part of combination therapy. RESULTS A total of 42 adult TDT patients (18 male, 24 female; age range: 41-55 years; mean age: 49.2 ± 3.7 years) were included in the study. At the T22 assessment, the overall prevalence of sensorineural HL was 23.8 % (10/42). When patients were stratified into two groups, with and without ototoxicity, no differences were observed for sex, age, BMI, creatinine level, pre-transfusional hemoglobin, start of transfusions, cardiac or hepatic T2 MRI; only ferritin serum values and duration of chelation were significantly higher (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively) in patients with hearing impairment in comparison to those with normal hearing. CONCLUSION This study with long-term follow-up suggests that iron chelation therapy might induce ototoxicity; therefore, a long and accurate audiological follow-up should be performed in TDT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Aldè
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Audiology Unit, Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Umberto Ambrosetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Giuditta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cassinerio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioia Piatti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Unit of Bronchopneumology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Kalai M, Moumni I, Ouragini H, Chaouechi D, Boudriga I, Menif S. Coinheritance of HbO Arab/β0-thalassemia with Severe Manifestation in Newborn. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:594-597. [PMID: 35189650 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we report a Tunisian newborn boy referred for neonatal hemolytic anemia with yellowish skin and enlarged spleen due to coinheritance of hemoglobin O (HbO) Arab and β-thalassemia. STUDY DESIGN Hematological parameters were collected using an automated blood cell counter. The amounts of Hb fractions were measured by capillary electrophoresis of Hb. Amplification and sequencing of the HBB gene were performed by Sanger's method. RESULTS Family study and genetic analysis revealed that the proband was a carrier of two hemoglobinopathies: HbO Arab and β0-thalassemia. CONCLUSION The coexistence of these two pathologies complicated the general state of the newborn boy and led to a severe anemia at birth. KEY POINTS · Severe neonatal anemia can be caused by hemoglobinopathy.. · Coinheritance of HbO Arab/β0-thalassemia complicated the general state of the newborn.. · Diagnosing hemoglobinopathy at an early age improves patient care..
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Affiliation(s)
- Miniar Kalai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Moumni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houyem Ouragini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Chaouechi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Boudriga
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rafique N, Ali A, Ghaffor T, Khattak TA, Asghar MB, Chaudhry QUN. Acute Graft versus Host Disease in Beta Thalassemia Patients Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2024; 34:480-483. [PMID: 38576294 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.04.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the frequency, risk factors, and clinical symptoms of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) in patients with beta-thalassemia major after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2017 to December 2021. METHODOLOGY Data were obtained from patients diagnosed with bone and tissue malignancies (BTM) who had undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and experienced aGVHD. Patients who experienced initial graft failure and individuals who underwent subsequent bone marrow transplantation were excluded. RESULTS Total of 117 patients diagnosed with BTM underwent fully matched HSCT, including 76 (65%) males, and 41 (35%) females. The median age of the patients undergoing transplantation was 7.34±7.32 years and the donors' median age was 7.6±9.85 years. Among the donors, 53 (45.3%) were males and 64 (54.7%) were females. Gender disparity was observed in 46 (39.3%) instances as a female donor matched with a male recipient. A total of 106 individuals underwent bone marrow harvest (BMH); with 5 (4.3%) patients receiving peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and 6 (5.2%) patients receiving both BMH and PBSC. Acute GvHD was observed in 50 (42.7%) patients, including 30 (60%) males and 20 (40%) females. Grade I GvHD occurred in 32 (27.3%) individuals, Grade II GvHD in 16 (13.7%) patients, and Grade III GvHD in one (0.8%) patient. It had no statistically significant association with recipient/donor age, gender disparity, the source of the graft source, the dose of stem cells, or the presence of thymoglobulin (TG). CONCLUSION Acute GvHD was observed in high frequency in Beta-thalassemia patients receiving morrow harvesting proportional to their gender distribution. Associated factors were GvHD prophylaxis measure, mucositis and, CMV reactivation. KEY WORDS Beta thalassemia major patients, Acute graft versus host disease, Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Rafique
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ghaffor
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Azam Khattak
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Qammar-Un-Nisa Chaudhry
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Haematology, Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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14
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Georgiou AC, Lisacek-Kiosoglous AB, Mariannis D, Christou S, Hadjianastassiou VG. A rare case of adrenal extramedullary haematopoiesis in a Cypriot woman with β-thalassaemia. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:329-337. [PMID: 34981986 PMCID: PMC10981986 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of adrenal extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) in a thalassaemia patient in Cyprus. A 40-year-old woman with β-thalassaemia presented with a 2-day history of non-specific right-sided abdominal pain on routine follow-up for her thalassaemia treatment. Her laboratory tests were not dissimilar to her routine results and no palpable mass was detected. Computed tomography findings revealed a 5.8×4.2×4.6cm solid lesion in the right adrenal gland. Surgical excision was advised for this symptomatic large tumour with the possibility of malignancy in a young patient, and a laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful. A review of the literature in PubMed and MEDLINE revealed 14 case reports worldwide with adrenal EMH secondary to β-thalassaemia. EMH tumours in patients with thalassaemia have been reported incidentally, which stresses the importance of considering this in the list of differentials of adrenal incidentalomas in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Mariannis
- Makarios Thalassemia Hospital Nicosia, Cyprus
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15
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Leoni S, Bou-Fakhredin R, Granata F, Cassinerio E, Maggioni M, Fracanzani AL, Cappellini MD, Motta I. Acute liver injury after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and luspatercept administration in a patient with β-thalassemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1025-1026. [PMID: 38170241 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Leoni
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granata
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cassinerio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Motta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Medicina Ad Indirizzo Metabolico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Pinto VM, Romano N, Balocco M, Carrara P, Lamagna M, Quintino S, Castaldi A, Forni GL. Reduction of extramedullary erythropoiesis and amelioration of anemia in a β-thalassemia patient treated with thalidomide. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:463-464. [PMID: 38146593 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia patient treated with thalidomide: dimensional reduction of EMH foci (MRI evaluation) and reduction of hematological responce at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maria Pinto
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Romano
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Balocco
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Carrara
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Lamagna
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Quintino
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Castaldi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Centro della Microcitemia, delle Anemie Congenite e dei Disordini del Metabolismo del Ferro, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Tuncel DA, Pekoz BC, Koc AS, Sumbul HE. Point Shear Wave Elastography Detected Liver Stiffness Increased in Pediatric Patient With Thalassemia Major. Ultrasound Q 2024; 40:82-86. [PMID: 38436375 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transient elastography (TE) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE) are 2 elastographic ultrasound examinations used in liver stiffness (LS) measurement. It was shown that the LS value detected by TE in pediatric β-thalassemia major patients has increased, and there was no LS evaluation obtained with pSWE in literature. Thus, in this study, it was aimed to evaluate LS with pSWE examination in children with thalassemia major and to determine LS-related parameters in these patients. Sixty-three schoolchildren with a diagnosis of β-thalassemia major and 21 healthy controls between the ages of 7 and 18 years were included. In addition to routine anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory examinations, renal and liver ultrasounds were performed. Liver stiffness values were measured by pSWE examination. Serum levels of urea, aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, iron, and ferritin were significantly higher in patients, and serum creatinine, iron binding capacity, and hemoglobin levels were found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05 for each). Liver stiffness values were significantly higher in patients compared with healthy controls. In linear regression analysis, serum iron and iron binding capacity values were found to be closely related with LS (P < 0.001 vs. β = 0.482 and P = 0.047 vs. β = 0.237, respectively). Liver stiffness values obtained by pSWE examination increase significantly in patients. According to the results of our study, in addition to the previously known TE method, we think that the LS evaluation obtained by pSWE, a new method that can make more accurate measurements, can be used in the possible early detection of target organ damage in children with thalassemia major.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hilmi Erdem Sumbul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences-Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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18
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Kerio AA, Shahbaz N, Khattak TA, Ghafoor T, Farhan M, Khan H. Outcomes of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Beta Thalassemia Major with Fully Matched Parents as Donor. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2024; 34:279-283. [PMID: 38462861 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.03.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the outcome of beta thalassemia major (BTM) patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT), with fully matched parents as donors vs. matched sibling donors (MSD). STUDY DESIGN Observational Study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2013 to July 2023. METHODOLOGY Group A consisted of BTM patients who underwent HSCT with fully matched siblings as donors, and Group B consisted of BTM patients who underwent HSCT with fully matched parents as donors. Study data included the age and gender of both recipients and donors, source and dose of stem cells infused, and stage and grades of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD). All patients received Myeloablative conditioning regimen (MAC). Data were collected to assess patients' demographics, response to HSCT, remission rate, disease free survival (DFS), relapse, and GvHD free survival (GRFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The mean age of the 54 patients was 5.90 ± 3.29 years. The mean TNC and CD34 doses were 4.99 + 1.13 and 5.42 + 3.70, respectively. Mean time for neutrophil engraftment in both groups was 14.88 + 4.51 days and platelets engraftment was 23.0 + 5.35 days. Most common cause of death was neutropenic sepsis followed by aGVHD. Seven patients had graft rejection. There was no significant association found between graft rejection with donor relation though graft rejection was higher in OS in this study was 70.4%. OS was equal in both groups. Disease free survival was superior in MSD (63%) than parent group (57.7%). CONCLUSION Allogenic bone marrow transplantation with parents as donors in BTM patients yields outcomes comparable to those with matched sibling donors. This finding is especially relevant in regions like Pakistan, where donor registries and high-resolution HLA typing may be limited. KEY WORDS Beta thalassemia major, Haematopoietic stem cell transplant, Post-transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali Kerio
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Shahbaz
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Azam Khattak
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ghafoor
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Khan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Vlachodimitropoulou E, Mogharbel H, Kuo KHM, Hwang M, Ward R, Shehata N, Malinowski AK. Pregnancy outcomes and iron status in β-thalassemia major and intermedia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Adv 2024; 8:746-757. [PMID: 38181780 PMCID: PMC10847873 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Advancements in orally bioavailable iron chelators and MRI methods have improved life expectancy and reproductive potential in thalassemia major (TM) and thalassemia intermedia (TI). Pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, frequency of which has not been well delineated. This systematic review aims to provide risk estimates of maternal and fetal outcomes in TM and TI and explore pregnancy's impact on iron homeostasis. Fifteen studies (429 participants, 684 pregnancies) were included. Meta-analysis revealed a higher thrombosis risk in TI (3.7%) compared to TM (0.92%), unchanged from prepregnancy. Heart failure risks in the earlier years appeared similar (TM 1.6% vs TI 1.1%), and maternal mortality in TM was 3.7%, but with current management, these risks are rare. Gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia occurred in 3.9% and 11.3% of TM pregnancies, respectively. Caesarean section rates were 83.9% in TM and 67% in TI. No significant difference in stillbirth, small for gestational age neonates, or preterm birth incidence between TM and TI was observed. In TM pregnancies, red cell requirements significantly increased (from 102 to 139 ml/kg/year, P = 0.001), and 70% of TI pregnancies required blood transfusions. As expected, increased transfusion alongside chelation cessation led to a significant increase in serum ferritin during pregnancy (TM by 1005 ng/mL; TI by 332 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Deterioration in iron status was further reflected by an increase in liver iron concentration (from 4.6 to 11.9 mg/g dry weight, P < 0.0001), and myocardial T2-star (T2∗) magnetic resonance imaging decreased (from 36.2 ± 2.5 ms to 31.1 ms) during pregnancy. These findings emphasize the elevated maternal risk of iron-related cardiomyopathy during pregnancy and labor, stressing the importance of cardiac monitoring and postpartum chelation therapy resumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussain Mogharbel
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin H. M. Kuo
- Division of Haematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Hwang
- Sidney Liswood Health Sciences Library, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Ward
- Division of Haematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Shehata
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Kinga Malinowski
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Premawardhena A, Perera C, Wijethilaka MN, Wanasinghe SK, Rajakaruna RHMG, Samarasinghe RANKK, Williams S, Mettananda S. Efficacy and safety of deferoxamine, deferasirox and deferiprone triple iron chelator combination therapy for transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia with very high iron overload: a protocol for randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077342. [PMID: 38331857 PMCID: PMC10860110 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the improvement in medical management, many patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia die prematurely due to transfusion-related iron overload. As per the current guidelines, the optimal chelation of iron cannot be achieved in many patients, even with two iron chelators at their maximum therapeutic doses. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple combination treatment with deferoxamine, deferasirox and deferiprone over dual combination of deferoxamine and deferasirox on iron chelation in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia with very high iron overload. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, open-label, randomised, controlled clinical trial conducted at the Adult and Adolescent Thalassaemia Centre of Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Patients with haematologically and genetically confirmed transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia are enrolled and randomised into intervention or control groups. The intervention arm will receive a combination of oral deferasirox, oral deferiprone and subcutaneous deferoxamine for 6 months. The control arm will receive the combination of oral deferasirox and subcutaneous deferoxamine for 6 months. Reduction in iron overload, as measured by a reduction in the serum ferritin after completion of the treatment, will be the primary outcome measure. Reduction in liver and cardiac iron content as measured by T2* MRI and the side effect profile of trial medications are the secondary outcome measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for the study has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya (Ref. P/06/02/2023). The trial results will be disseminated in scientific publications in reputed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial is registered in the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (Ref: SLCTR/2023/010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Premawardhena
- Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamodi Perera
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Senani Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sachith Mettananda
- Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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21
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Njeim R, Naouss B, Bou-Fakhredin R, Haddad A, Taher A. Unmet needs in β-thalassemia and the evolving treatment landscape. Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:48-55. [PMID: 38128605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemias are genetic disorders causing an imbalance in hemoglobin production, leading to varying degrees of anemia, with two clinical phenotypes: transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy are the conventional treatment options for the management of β-thalassemia. Currently available conventional therapies in thalassemia have many challenges and limitations. Accordingly, multiple novel therapeutic approaches are currently being developed for the treatment of β-thalassemias. These strategies can be classified into three categories based on their efforts to address different aspects of the underlying pathophysiology of β-thalassemia: correction of the α/β globin chain imbalance, addressing ineffective erythropoiesis, and targeting iron dysregulation. Managing β- thalassemia presents challenges due to the many complications that can manifest, limited access and availability of blood products, and lack of compliance/adherence to treatment. Novel therapies targeting ineffective erythropoiesis and thus improving anemia and reducing the need for chronic blood transfusions seem promising. However, the complex nature of the disease itself requires personalized treatment plans for each patient. Collaborations and partnerships between thalassemia centers can also help share knowledge and resources, particularly in regions with higher prevalence and limited resources. This review will explore the different conventional treatment modalities available today for the management of β-thalassemia, discuss the unmet needs and challenges associated with them in addition to exploring the role of some novel therapeutic agents in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Njeim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bilal Naouss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antoine Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Blood Bank, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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22
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Zhou Y, Cao Y, Fang Z, Huang K, Yang M, Pang G, Zhao J, Liu Y, Luo J. Research on the clinical factors of cardiac iron deposition in children with beta-thalassemia major. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:875-882. [PMID: 37938353 PMCID: PMC10912130 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* is the gold standard for detecting iron deposition in cardiac tissue, but the technique has limitations and cannot be fully performed in paediatric thalassemia patients. The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data to identify other predictors of cardiac iron deposition. A retrospective analysis was performed on 370 children with β-TM. According to the cardiac MRI results, patients were allocated to a cardiac deposition group and noncardiac deposition group. Multivariate analysis revealed that genotype and corrected QT interval were associated with cardiac iron deposition, indicating that the-β0/β0 genotype conferred greater susceptibility to cardiac iron deposition. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) of genotype was 0.651. The AUC for the corrected QT interval was 0.711, at a cut-off value of 418.5 ms. ROC analysis of the combined genotype and corrected QT interval showed an AUC of 0.762 with 81.3% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. Compared to patients with the β+/β+ and β0β+ genotypes, β0β0 children with β-TM were more likely to have cardiac iron deposition. Conclusion: The genotype and QTc interval can be used to predict cardiac iron deposition in children with β-TM who are unable to undergo MRI T2 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaxuan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhua Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ken Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guanxiu Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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23
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Galhom DH, Talaat RM, Hanna D, Gad NH. Audiologic and vestibular assessment in children and adolescents with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia major: The era of deferasirox film coated tablet. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 177:111868. [PMID: 38252990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing impairment has frequently been described in β-thalassemia patients with a significant impact on the patients' quality of life. Most studies provided evidence of deferoxamine (DFO) dose-related ototoxicity, however, the data is scarce regarding deferasirox (DFX) as a sole iron chelator. AIM We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular dysfunction in regularly transfused β-thalassemia patients who had been treated with DFX film coated tablets. METHODS We conducted a case control study on 57 transfusion dependent β-thalassemia patients with a mean age of 15.3 years who received DFX FCT as monotherapy for at least one consecutive year, and 57 healthy age and sex-matching controls. Comprehensive audiological evaluations using pure tone audiometry (PTA) and transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) as well as vestibular evaluation using Video-nystagmography (VNG) were done. RESULTS SNHL was identified in 12 patients (21.1 %) using PTA and a statistically significant difference was detected between controls and patients at 6 KHz and 12 KHz frequencies. A higher incidence of SNHL was detected using TEOAE, 22 patients (43.1 %) failed to pass TEOAE, with a statistically significant decrease in the signal at frequencies 1, 4 KHz bilaterally and at frequencies 1.5, 2 KHz in the right ear compared to controls. Canal paresis was detected in 21 (36.8 %) of thalassemic children using bithermal caloric test with significantly more unilateral weakness than control children (P = 0.008). We found no significant correlation between audio-vestibular dysfunction and age, sex, serum ferritin, frequency of blood transfusion and dose of DFX FCT in thalassemic children. CONCLUSION We conclude that the incidence of SNHL and vestibular dysfunction was high among transfusion dependent β-thalassemia patients. Therefore, we recommend performing pre-treatment baseline audio-vestibular assessment and yearly audio-vestibular monitoring to early detect high risk patients and initiate timely management to prevent permanent damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Helal Galhom
- Audio-Vestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rana Mohamed Talaat
- Audio-Vestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Diana Hanna
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nahla Hassan Gad
- Audio-Vestibular Medicine Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
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24
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Chen L, Wen J, Xu X, Du J, Ruan Y, Feng X, Li J, He Y, Wu X. Safety and efficacy of peripheral blood stem cells collection in healthy children and pediatric patients with thalassemia major weighing 20 kg or less. J Clin Apher 2024; 39:e22102. [PMID: 38186371 DOI: 10.1002/jca.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection in children poses challenges due to their small size, low body weight (BW), and unique pediatric physiology, especially among children weighing 20 kg (kg) or less. METHODS PBSC collection data of both healthy children and patients with thalassemia major (TM) weighing 20 kg or less between January 2013 and December 2020 were reviewed. Moreover, PBSCs characteristics along with various aspects of efficiency and safety between healthy donors and patients with TM were compared. RESULTS A total of 262 PBSC procedures were performed on 255 children. Of these, 91 procedures were carried out on 85 allogeneic healthy donors, and 171 auto-backup collections were performed on 170 patients with TM to ensure PBSC availability and prevent transplantation failure. A minimum pre-apheresis hemoglobin (HGB) level of 60 g/L was discovered to be safe and feasible in patients with TM. The median CD34+ cell dose in the PBSC product during the initial apheresis procedure was higher in healthy donors compared to patients with TM (7.29 ± 5.28 × 106 cells/kg vs5.88 ± 4.23 × 106 cells/kg, P = .043). The total CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight exhibited a positive correlation with pre-apheresis monocyte counts, but a negative correlation with donor weight. Apheresis significantly reduced hematocrit and platelet counts in the allogeneic group compared to the autologous group. Patients with TM experienced a higher occurrence of bone pain related to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. Notably, no serious complications related to PBSCs mobilization, central venous catheter placement, or the apheresis procedure were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS PBSCs collection was both safe and effective in healthy children and pediatric patients with TM weighing 20 kg or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin He
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Darvishi-Khezri H, Karami H, Naderisorki M, Ghazaiean M, Kosaryan M, Mosanejad-Galchali A, Aliasgharian A, Karami H. Two risk factors for hypozincemia in diabetic β-thalassemia patients: Hepatitis C and deferasirox. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0284267. [PMID: 38215162 PMCID: PMC10786396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypozincemia is a prevalent adverse consequence in diabetes mellitus (DM) and β-Thalassemia patients. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum zinc in β-thalassemia patients with DM and a risk assessment for hypozincemia. METHODS The study population included transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) with overt DM (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, and/or 2-h plasma glucose≥200 mg/dL). Serum zinc concentration was measured by the colorimetric method, and the values below 70 μg/dL were defined as hypozincemia. Myocardial and liver T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI T2*, millisecond [ms]) were valued by a free contrast MRI. The demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and laboratory data were also recorded. The data belonged to the period from December 2018 until December 2020. RESULTS Of 64 diabetic β-thalassemia patients, 41 cases had zinc data in their medical files (aged 38 ± 9 years, 48.8% female). 78.05% of patients (n = 32) were TDT, and 21.95% were NTDT (n = 9). The mean ± standard deviation of zinc level was 110.2 ± 127.6 μg/dL. The prevalence of hypozincemia was 9.76%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27 to 19.24 (four cases). After controlling age, the odds of hypozincemia for using deferasirox (DFX) was 8.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 127.1. In β-thalassemia patients, the age-adjusted risk of hypozincemia was calculated at 15.85, 95% CI 0.47 to 529.3 for hepatitis C. The adjusted risk of hypozincemia based on age for antacid use was 6.34, 95% CI 0.39 to 102.7. CONCLUSION In light of this study, as well as hepatitis C, using DFX and antacids is associated with a high risk of hypozincemia amid diabetic β-thalassemia cases. However, upward bias should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Darvishi-Khezri
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Karami
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderisorki
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mobin Ghazaiean
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Kosaryan
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Aily Aliasgharian
- Thalassemia Research Center (TRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hasan Karami
- Department of Pediatrics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Zheng LH, Liang L, Bai JP, Liao HX, Li YQ. Misdiagnosis of β-Thalassemia Major Due to Chinese Gγ+( Aγδβ) 0-Thalassemia Combined with β 0-Thalassemia. Hemoglobin 2024; 48:24-29. [PMID: 38240123 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2299439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
δβ-thalassemia is a rare type of thalassemia characterized by increased Hb F levels, including mainly Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia, Yunnanese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia, Cantonese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia in China. Due to the low rate of δβ-thalassemia carriers, there are few reports of δβ-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia causing β-thalassemia major. Herein, we described the combination of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia and β-thalassemia leading to β-thalassemia major in a Chinese patient. Hemoglobin analysis was performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Routine genetic analysis was carried out by gap-polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR) and PCR and reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB). Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the large deletion, and Gap-PCR confirmed the deletion. A CE result showed an elevated Hb F level of 98.7% and 11.7% in the proband and her mother, but the proband was diagnosed with βCD17M/βCD17M using routine genetic analysis. However, her father was heterozygous for CD17 in β-globin, and her mother was detected as SEA heterozygous. The further analysis presented that the proband had actually missed the diagnosis of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia by MLPA and PCR-RDB. Finally, the genotype of the proband was corrected from βCD17M/βCD17M to βCD17M/βGγ(Aγδβ)0. This is the first report of Chinese Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia resulting in β-thalassemia major in China. Screening for δβ-thalassemia by Hb analysis could be an effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Zheng
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ping Bai
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xian Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Hospital Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qiong Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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27
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Fedai AB, Karakulak UN, Aladag E, Sayinalp N. Four‑Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Iron Overload in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:41-48. [PMID: 38108958 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard to detect cardiac iron overload in patients with beta-thalassemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac iron overload using four-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in thalassemia patients with and without cardiac involvement detected by T2* value and to compare the two techniques. This cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in 44 patients diagnosed with thalassemia major. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed using four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography-derived global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential, radial, and area strain indices. Left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes, and mass index were similar between the patients with T2* values less than 20 ms as compared to those with T2* values greater than 20 ms. However, patients with lower T2* values had significantly higher GLS values (- 17.0% vs. - 19.8%, p < 0.001) compared with those with higher T2* values. GLS demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 71.9% at a cut-off value of - 18.5%; however, sensitivity was 75%, and the specificity was 84.4% at a cut-off value of - 17.5%. For - 18.5%, the positive predictive value was 55%, and the negative predictive value was 95.8%; for - 17.5%, these values were 64.2 and 90%, respectively. This novel echocardiographic method, tested for the first time in our study in comparison with cardiac MRI in an adult patient group, has been shown to predict cardiac iron overload in thalassemia patients in the subclinical period without LVEF decline. Four-dimensional GLS is a marker with high sensitivity and negative predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Burak Fedai
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Nadir Karakulak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elifcan Aladag
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Sayinalp
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Lubis DA, Subekti I, Yunir E, Irawan C, Hestiantoro A, Lestari SW, Kekalih A, Pasaribu MMB, Syafril S. Proportion of Hypogonadism in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients and Its Contributing Factors. Acta Med Indones 2024; 56:13-19. [PMID: 38561881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta thalassemia is a lifelong disease involving malformed red blood cells (RBC). One of the disease's complications is hypogonadism, in which adults tend to exhibit regression in sexual characteristics, experience sexual dysfunction, and therefore have a lower quality of life. Around 3-10% of the Indonesian population carries the beta-thalassemia gene. This study aimed to see the proportions of hypogonadism in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and its contributing factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 60 male patients admitted to three Indonesian general hospitals from July 2022 to July 2023. All patients were diagnosed with beta-thalassemia via chromatography hemoglobin analysis. We performed a single-time physical examination and laboratory examinations to determine FSH, LH, and free testosterone levels. The correlation between Hb and sexual hormone levels was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. ROC curve analysis was conducted afterward. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 29. RESULTS 31 out of 60 thalassemia patients had hypogonadism. Pre-transfusion Hb count was found to be linearly correlated with FSH (r = 0.388, p = 0.049), LH (r = 0.338, p = 0.008), and free testosterone (r = 0.255, p = 0.049). ROC analysis indicated that pre-transfusion Hb was viable as a predictor for hypogonadism (AUC = 0.655, 65.5% sensitivity, 67.7% specificity). CONCLUSION We confirmed the role of pre-transfusion Hb count as a potential predictor for hypogonadism due to the tissue hypoxia mechanism and transfusion-related iron overload in TDT patients. Decreased Hb is linearly correlated with FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. Decreased Hb also downregulates these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anindita Lubis
- 1. Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2. Division of Endocrinology Metabolic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
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Jafari L, Behfar M, Tabatabaie S, Karamlou Y, Kashani H, Radmard AR, Mohseni R, Naji P, Ghanbari F, Ashkevari P, Fakhr H, Mohammadi S, Hamidieh AA. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Beta Major Thalassemia: The Association between the PRES Occurrence and Class of Beta Major Thalassemia. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15164. [PMID: 37847603 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only definitive curative option for β-major thalassemia patients (β-MT). Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a pervasive neurological complication which typically occurs following HSCT. β-MT patients are prone to a higher PRES incidence due to long-term immunosuppression; thus, it is imperative that these patients are closely monitored for PRES after HSCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 148 pediatric patients with β-MT who underwent HSCT between March 2015 and August 2022 in Children's Medical Center. Patients in this study were divided into two groups. The association between PRES and class of β-MT and other risk factors were assessed and the overall survival rate was determined. RESULTS Fourteen out of 112 patients (12%) with class I and II β-MT developed PRES. However, PRES occurred in 11 out of 36 patients (30.5%) with β-MT-III. Our results indicated that there was a significant association between class III β-MT and the occurrence of (P = .004). Additionally, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) occurred in 80% and 44.7% of patients in the PRES and non-PRES groups, respectively (P = .001). The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 75.6% in the PRES group versus 95% in the non-PRES group, which was statistically significant (P = .001). CONCLUSION Based on our results, pediatric β-MT III patients are at a higher risk of developing PRES. Additionally, pediatric β-MT patients with a history of aGVHD, regardless of disease class, are more likely to develop PRES. Considering these results, PRES has a higher chance of being the etiology of symptoms and should be considered more often in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jafari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Behfar
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroor Tabatabaie
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Karamlou
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Radmard
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Mohseni
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Naji
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghanbari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Ashkevari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Fakhr
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ks A, Bansal A, Verma PK, Bhat NK. Thurston syndrome with thalassaemia: a rare case devising a novel molecular and phenotypic variation. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253086. [PMID: 38160027 PMCID: PMC10759122 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A male infant presented with progressive paleness of the body since 3 months of age. On examination, the child had pallor, microcephaly with dysmorphic facies (depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, retrognathia, high arched palate and tongue hamartoma). Postaxial polydactyly in bilateral hands and feet, broad great toes, with syndactyly of left fourth and fifth toes were present. The haemogram showed severe anaemia with a microcytic hypochromic picture. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was normal. However, the parents' HPLC was suggestive of beta thalassaemia trait. Whole-exome sequencing revealed Thurston syndrome with beta-thalassaemia in homozygous pattern with a novel mutation. It is a rare genetic syndrome exclusively found in the South Asian population. Due to the rarity, identification of this syndrome is often difficult and requires awareness among clinicians. However, it is important to diagnose the disorder accurately in order to provide appropriate genetic counselling and prognostication to the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswanth Ks
- Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adity Bansal
- Dentistry, AIIMS Deoghar, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Verma
- Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nowneet Kumar Bhat
- Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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31
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Takaldani AHS, Javanshir N, Honardoost H, Negaresh M. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in ribs and severe pulmonary hypertension disease following intermediate beta-thalassemia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:503. [PMID: 38066612 PMCID: PMC10709837 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalassemia is a type of congenital hemoglobinopathy that falls into the category of hemolytic anemias. Extramedullary hematopoiesis is a complication of this disease, which is a mechanism to compensate for chronic anemia in these patients, and imaging is the best diagnostic method. CASE REPORT In this report, a 36-year-old Caucasian female patient with intermediate beta thalassemia is presented who, at the time of referral, complained of exacerbated shortness of breath. Imaging showed diffuse expansion masses with soft tissue components in the ribs of both hemithoraxes, leading to the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the ribs is an uncommon finding in patients with thalassemia and is a sign of the severity of the disease and a poor prognostic factor that might be preventable if blood transfusion begins at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Samadi Takaldani
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology Division), School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nima Javanshir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Helia Honardoost
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Negaresh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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De Sanctis V, Daar S, Soliman A, Tzoulis P, Yassin M, Kattamis C. A retrospective study of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, sensitivity/resistance in non- transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients (NTD- β Thal): reduced β-cell secretion rather than insulin resistance seems to be the dominant defect for glucose dysregulation (GD). Acta Biomed 2023; 94:e2023262. [PMID: 38054678 PMCID: PMC10734240 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Non-transfusion - dependent β-thalassemias (NTD-βThal) can cause iron overload and serious iron-related organ complications as endocrine dysfunction, including glucose dysregulation (GD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrieved data of all NTD- β Thal patients referred consecutively to a single Outpatient Italian Clinic from October 2010 to April 2023. All patients underwent a standard 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for analysis of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and sensitivity/resistance (IR), using conventional surrogate indices derived from the OGTT. The collected data in NTD- β Thal patients were compared to 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS Seventeen of 26 (65.3 %) NTD- β Thal patients (aged: 7.8 -35.1 years) had normal glucose tolerance, 1/26 (3.8 %) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 5/26 (19.2 %) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 1/26 (3.8%) IFG plus IGT and 2/26 (7.6%) plasma glucose (PG) level ≥155 mg/dL 1-h after glucose load. GD was observed exclusively in young adult patients; none of them had diabetes mellitus (DM). These findings were associated with a low insulinogenic index (IGI) and oral disposition index. HOMA-IR and QUICKI were not significantly different compared to controls. Interestingly, in young adult patients, ISI-Matsuda index was statistically higher compared to the control group, suggesting an increased insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study reported a high prevalence of GD in young adults with NTD- β Thal. The documented reduction of IGI rather than the presence of IR, indicates reduced insulin secretory capacity as the pathophysiological basis of dysglycemia that may represent a novel investigational path for future studies on the mechanism(s) responsible for GD in NTD- β Thal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahina Daar
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ashraf Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar .
| | - Ploutarchos Tzoulis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Whittington Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christos Kattamis
- Τhalassemia Unit, First Department of Paediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527, Greece.
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Singh N, Bhatia P, Jamwal M, Khadwal AR, Chhabra S, Hira JK, Das R, Sharma P. First reported co-occurrence of "GATA1-mutated X-linked thrombocytopenia with thalassemia (XLTT)" with heterozygous β-thalassemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:999-1002. [PMID: 37382348 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manu Jamwal
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Rani Khadwal
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Chhabra
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur Hira
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Taleie H, Hajianfar G, Sabouri M, Parsaee M, Houshmand G, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Zaidi H, Shiri I. Left Ventricular Myocardial Dysfunction Evaluation in Thalassemia Patients Using Echocardiographic Radiomic Features and Machine Learning Algorithms. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:2494-2506. [PMID: 37735309 PMCID: PMC10584796 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure caused by iron deposits in the myocardium is the primary cause of mortality in beta-thalassemia major patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) T2* is the primary screening technique used to detect myocardial iron overload, but inherently bears some limitations. In this study, we aimed to differentiate beta-thalassemia major patients with myocardial iron overload from those without myocardial iron overload (detected by T2*CMRI) based on radiomic features extracted from echocardiography images and machine learning (ML) in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF > 55%) in echocardiography. Out of 91 cases, 44 patients with thalassemia major with normal LVEF (> 55%) and T2* ≤ 20 ms and 47 people with LVEF > 55% and T2* > 20 ms as the control group were included in the study. Radiomic features were extracted for each end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) image. Then, three feature selection (FS) methods and six different classifiers were used. The models were evaluated using various metrics, including the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), and specificity (SPE). Maximum relevance-minimum redundancy-eXtreme gradient boosting (MRMR-XGB) (AUC = 0.73, ACC = 0.73, SPE = 0.73, SEN = 0.73), ANOVA-MLP (AUC = 0.69, ACC = 0.69, SPE = 0.56, SEN = 0.83), and recursive feature elimination-K-nearest neighbors (RFE-KNN) (AUC = 0.65, ACC = 0.65, SPE = 0.64, SEN = 0.65) were the best models in ED, ES, and ED&ES datasets. Using radiomic features extracted from echocardiographic images and ML, it is feasible to predict cardiac problems caused by iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Taleie
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hajianfar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, CH‑1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Maziar Sabouri
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Parsaee
- Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Houshmand
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Interventional Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, CH‑1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Geneva University Neurocenter, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Isaac Shiri
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, CH‑1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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35
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Azzazi Y, Khedr H, Abdel-Halim MRE. Pigmented colloid milium in a beta-thalassemia major patient: a case report. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:e626-e628. [PMID: 37614111 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Azzazi
- Department of Dermatology, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Khedr
- Department of Dermatology, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona R E Abdel-Halim
- Department of Dermatology, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wood JC. Cardiac complications in thalassemia throughout the lifespan: Victories and challenges. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1530:64-73. [PMID: 37902424 PMCID: PMC10841366 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemias are among the most common hereditary diseases in the world because heterozygosity offers protection against malarial infection. Affected individuals have variable expression of alpha or beta chains that lead to their unbalanced utilization during hemoglobin formation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of red cell precursors prior to maturation. Some individuals produce sufficient hemoglobin to survive but suffer the vascular stress imposed by chronic anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. In other patients, mature red cell formation is insufficient, and chronic transfusions are required-suppressing anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis but at the expense of iron overload. The cardiovascular consequences of thalassemia have changed dramatically over the previous five decades because of evolving treatment practices. This review summarizes this evolution, focusing on complications and management pertinent to modern patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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37
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Chen Y, Lin Q, Ni W, Deng K, Li L. Transient presence of stomatocytes: A clue to the diagnosis of overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis in a child with beta-thalassemia. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24991. [PMID: 38087905 PMCID: PMC10756938 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (OHSt) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormalities in erythrocytic volume homeostasis. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management and genetic counseling. METHODS We present the case of a child with beta-thalassemia and a history of multiple blood transfusions. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and genetic testing were reviewed. Peripheral blood smear examination and genetic analysis were performed. RESULTS The patient was admitted with severe anemia, and peripheral blood smear examination revealed the presence of up to 50% stomatocytes. Laboratory investigations showed abnormalities in red blood cell parameters, including decreased hemoglobin levels and increased mean corpuscular volume. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous mutation in the RHAG gene, confirming the diagnosis of OHSt. The presence of stomatocytes in the peripheral blood smear was transient, correlating with episodes of hemolysis and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Qile Lin
- Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Guzhen People's HospitalZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Wenpeng Ni
- Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Kunyi Deng
- Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Lilian Li
- Clinical LaboratoryZhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhongshanGuangdongChina
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Hodroj MH, Akiki N, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT. Beta-thalassemia: is cure still a dream? Minerva Med 2023; 114:850-860. [PMID: 37534831 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a monogenic disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin production, resulting in chronic anemia. There are several factors affecting the clinical presentation of patients with β-thalassemia, and several complications such as iron overload or ineffective erythropoiesis have been linked to this disease. Until nowadays, several conservative therapies namely blood transfusions, iron chelation, and the FDA-approved drug Luspatercept have been adopted alongside other debatable permanent cures. Other clinical trials are being conducted to develop better and safer management techniques for these patients. This review will discuss the different treatment strategies of β-thalassemia including novel therapies, besides all possible curative therapies that are being developed for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Hodroj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Akiki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ali T Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon -
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Drug Selection and Posology, Optimal Therapies and Risk/Benefit Assessment in Medicine: The Paradigm of Iron-Chelating Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16749. [PMID: 38069073 PMCID: PMC10706143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of clinical protocols and the selection of drugs with appropriate posology are critical parameters for therapeutic outcomes. Optimal therapeutic protocols could ideally be designed in all diseases including for millions of patients affected by excess iron deposition (EID) toxicity based on personalised medicine parameters, as well as many variations and limitations. EID is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and especially for millions of chronically red-blood-cell-transfused patients. Differences in iron chelation therapy posology cause disappointing results in neurodegenerative diseases at low doses, but lifesaving outcomes in thalassemia major (TM) when using higher doses. In particular, the transformation of TM from a fatal to a chronic disease has been achieved using effective doses of oral deferiprone (L1), which improved compliance and cleared excess toxic iron from the heart associated with increased mortality in TM. Furthermore, effective L1 and L1/deferoxamine combination posology resulted in the complete elimination of EID and the maintenance of normal iron store levels in TM. The selection of effective chelation protocols has been monitored by MRI T2* diagnosis for EID levels in different organs. Millions of other iron-loaded patients with sickle cell anemia, myelodysplasia and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, or non-iron-loaded categories with EID in different organs could also benefit from such chelation therapy advances. Drawbacks of chelation therapy include drug toxicity in some patients and also the wide use of suboptimal chelation protocols, resulting in ineffective therapies. Drug metabolic effects, and interactions with other metals, drugs and dietary molecules also affected iron chelation therapy. Drug selection and the identification of effective or optimal dose protocols are essential for positive therapeutic outcomes in the use of chelating drugs in TM and other iron-loaded and non-iron-loaded conditions, as well as general iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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40
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Padhani ZA, Gangwani MK, Sadaf A, Hasan B, Colan S, Alvi N, Das JK. Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 11:CD011626. [PMID: 37975597 PMCID: PMC10655499 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011626.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder that reduces the production of haemoglobin. The most severe form requires recurrent blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload. Cardiovascular dysfunction caused by iron overload is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia. Iron chelation therapy has reduced the severity of systemic iron overload, but removal of iron from the myocardium requires a very proactive preventive strategy. There is evidence that calcium channel blockers may reduce myocardial iron deposition. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2018. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of calcium channel blockers plus standard iron chelation therapy, compared with standard iron chelation therapy (alone or with a placebo), on cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books, to 13 January 2022. We also searched ongoing trials databases and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of calcium channel blockers combined with standard chelation therapy versus standard chelation therapy alone or combined with placebo in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. We used GRADE to assess certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included six RCTs (five parallel-group trials and one cross-over trial) with 253 participants; there were 126 participants in the amlodipine arms and 127 in the control arms. The certainty of the evidence was low for most outcomes at 12 months; the evidence for liver iron concentration was of moderate certainty, and the evidence for adverse events was of very low certainty. Amlodipine plus standard iron chelation compared with standard iron chelation (alone or with placebo) may have little or no effect on cardiac T2* values at 12 months (mean difference (MD) 1.30 ms, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.53 to 3.14; 4 trials, 191 participants; low-certainty evidence) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 12 months (MD 0.81%, 95% CI -0.92% to 2.54%; 3 trials, 136 participants; low-certainty evidence). Amlodipine plus standard iron chelation compared with standard iron chelation (alone or with placebo) may reduce myocardial iron concentration (MIC) after 12 months (MD -0.27 mg/g, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.08; 3 trials, 138 participants; low-certainty evidence). The results of our analysis suggest that amlodipine has little or no effect on heart T2*, MIC, or LVEF after six months, but the evidence is very uncertain. Amlodipine plus standard iron chelation compared with standard iron chelation (alone or with placebo) may increase liver T2* values after 12 months (MD 1.48 ms, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.69; 3 trials, 127 participants; low-certainty evidence), but may have little or no effect on serum ferritin at 12 months (MD 0.07 μg/mL, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.35; 4 trials, 187 participants; low-certainty evidence), and probably has little or no effect on liver iron concentration (LIC) after 12 months (MD -0.86 mg/g, 95% CI -4.39 to 2.66; 2 trials, 123 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The results of our analysis suggest that amlodipine has little or no effect on serum ferritin, liver T2* values, or LIC after six months, but the evidence is very uncertain. The included trials did not report any serious adverse events at six or 12 months of intervention. The studies did report mild adverse effects such as oedema, dizziness, mild cutaneous allergy, joint swelling, and mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Amlodipine may be associated with a higher risk of oedema (risk ratio (RR) 5.54, 95% CI 1.24 to 24.76; 4 trials, 167 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We found no difference between the groups in the occurrence of other adverse events, but the evidence was very uncertain. No trials reported mortality, cardiac function assessments other than echocardiographic estimation of LVEF, electrocardiographic abnormalities, quality of life, compliance with treatment, or cost of interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence suggests that calcium channel blockers may reduce MIC and may increase liver T2* values in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia. Longer-term multicentre RCTs are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of calcium channel blockers for myocardial iron overload, especially in younger children. Future trials should also investigate the role of baseline MIC in the response to calcium channel blockers, and include a cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ali Padhani
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Alina Sadaf
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Babar Hasan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Steven Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Najveen Alvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abdolalian M, Zarif MN, Javan M. The role of extracellular vesicles on the occurrence of clinical complications in β-thalassemia. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:28-39. [PMID: 37652128 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most common monogenic disorder of red blood cells (RBCs) caused by defects in the synthesis of globin chains. Thalassemia phenotypes have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and vary from severe anemia requiring regular blood transfusions to clinically asymptomatic states. Ineffective erythropoiesis and toxicity caused by iron overload are major factors responsible for various complications in thalassemia patients, especially patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Common complications in patients with thalassemia include iron overload, thrombosis, cardiac morbidity, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released from various cells' plasma membranes due to activation and apoptosis. Based on studies, EVs play a role in various processes, including clot formation, vascular damage, and proinflammatory processes. In recent years, they have also been studied as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Considering the high concentration of EVs in thalassemia and their role in cellular processes, this study reviews the role of EVs in the common complications of patients with β-thalassemia for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Abdolalian
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran; Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikogouftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Javan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Bonello-Palot N, Benoit A, Agouti I, Hamouda I, Brousse V, Badens C. Transfusion requirements and complication rate in β-thalassemia intermedia due to heterozygous β-globin gene mutation and triplicated α-globin genes. Eur J Haematol 2023; 111:742-747. [PMID: 37519097 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heterozygous condition for β-thalassemia mutation associated with an extra functional α-globin gene can produce a Thalassemia Intermedia (TI) phenotype. This genotype is the second in frequency in the French Thalassemia Registry NaThalY that prospectively collects laboratory and clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present report analyses transfusion needs, iron overload (ferritin, hepatic and cardiac iron concentrations), and complication rates in 45 patients included in NaThalY and presenting a heterozygous β0 or β+ -thalassemia mutation associated with a triplication at HBA locus. This cohort was compared to a cohort of patients with TI due to mutations in the beta-globin gene only and included in the French registry. RESULTS Patients with an extra functional α-globin gene showed a less severe anemia, lower transfusion needs and lower complication rates than those with TI related to the β-globin gene only. Nevertheless, some of them displayed complications such as cholelithiasis or extramedullary hematopoiesis. In addition, one third of the cohort needed transfusions and another third was under iron chelation. CONCLUSION The genotype associating a heterozygous β0 or β+ -thalassemia mutation with a triplication at HBA locus should be accurately diagnosed as it could lead to symptomatic anemia and to potential iron overload and iron-related complications even in patients with no transfusion need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, AP-HM, Marseille, France
- Registre NaThalY, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Imane Agouti
- Centre de référence des maladies rares du globule rouge, Service d'hémato-oncologie pédiatrique, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Ilyes Hamouda
- Aix Marseille Univ, Service de recherche clinique et de statistique, Marseille, France
| | | | - Catherine Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, AP-HM, Marseille, France
- Registre NaThalY, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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Mottaghi S, Abbaszadeh H. Grape seed extract in combination with deferasirox ameliorates iron overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in beta thalassemia children. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101804. [PMID: 37832335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Iron overload in the body is associated with serious and irreversible tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate the iron-chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of grape seed extract (GSE) supplement as well as its safety in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) pediatric patients receiving deferasirox as a standard iron-chelation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The children were randomly allocated to either GSE group (n = 30) or control group (n = 30) to receive GSE (100 mg/day) or placebo capsules, respectively, for 4 weeks. The serum levels of iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured pre-and post-intervention. RESULTS GSE supplement significantly attenuated the serum levels of iron (p = 0.030), ferritin (p = 0.017), ALT (p = 0.000), AST (p = 0.000), TNF-α (p = 0.000), and hs-CRP (p = 0.001). The TIBC level (p = 0.020) significantly enhanced in the GSE group compared with the placebo group. Moreover, GSE supplement remarkably improved the oxidative stress markers, MDA (p = 0.000) and GSH (p = 0.001). The changes in the SOD activity (p = 0.590) and Hb concentration (p = 0.670) were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSION GSE supplement possesses several health beneficial influences on children with β-TM by alleviating iron burden, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Mottaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Hurtado J, Sellak H, Joseph G, Lewis CV, Naudin CR, Garcia S, Wodicka JR, Archer DR, Taylor WR. Accelerated atherosclerosis in beta-thalassemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1133-H1143. [PMID: 37682237 PMCID: PMC10908407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00306.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Children with beta-thalassemia (BT) present with an increase in carotid intima-medial thickness, an early sign suggestive of premature atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown if there is a direct relationship between BT and atherosclerotic disease. To evaluate this, wild-type (WT, littermates) and BT (Hbbth3/+) mice, both male and female, were placed on a 3-mo high-fat diet with low-density lipoprotein receptor suppression via overexpression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gain-of-function mutation (D377Y). Mechanistically, we hypothesize that heme-mediated oxidative stress creates a proatherogenic environment in BT because BT is a hemolytic anemia that has increased free heme and exhausted hemopexin, heme's endogenous scavenger, in the vasculature. We evaluated the effect of hemopexin (HPX) therapy, mediated via an adeno-associated virus, to the progression of atherosclerosis in BT and a phenylhydrazine-induced model of intravascular hemolysis. In addition, we evaluated the effect of deferiprone (DFP)-mediated iron chelation in the progression of atherosclerosis in BT mice. Aortic en face and aortic root lesion area analysis revealed elevated plaque accumulation in both male and female BT mice compared with WT mice. Hemopexin therapy was able to decrease plaque accumulation in both BT mice and mice on our phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced model of hemolysis. DFP decreased atherosclerosis in BT mice but did not provide an additive benefit to HPX therapy. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the underlying pathophysiology of BT leads to accelerated atherosclerosis and shows that heme contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development in BT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work definitively shows for the first time that beta-thalassemia leads to accelerated atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that intravascular hemolysis is a prominent feature in beta-thalassemia and the resulting increases in free heme are mechanistically relevant. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-hemopexin therapy led to decreased free heme and atherosclerotic plaque area in both beta-thalassemia and phenylhydrazine-treated mice. Deferiprone-mediated iron chelation led to deceased plaque accumulation in beta-thalassemia mice but provided no additive benefit to hemopexin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hurtado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Hassan Sellak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Giji Joseph
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Caitlin V Lewis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Crystal R Naudin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sergio Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - James Robert Wodicka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Cardiology Division, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Aygüneş U, Karagun BS, Ay Tuncel D, Sasmaz HI, Antmen B. Busulfan-Based and Treosulfan-Based Myeloablative Conditioning for Allogeneic Transplantation in Children with Thalassemia Major: a Single-Center Experience From Southern Turkey. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:883-892. [PMID: 38140932 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2023.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the only curative treatment for patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major. In recent years, a number of novel approaches have improved patient outcomes and quality of life by minimizing the toxicity of conditioning regimens. The objective of this study was to compare the role of treosulfan- and busulfan-based conditioning in transfusion-dependent thalassemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively on 121 children with beta thalassemia major who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant using treosulfan-based (n = 37) or busulfan-based (n = 84) conditioning regimens between 2012 and 2022. RESULTS Two-year overall survival was 87.5% in the busulfan-based conditioning group and 91.1% in the treosulfan-based conditioning group.The group given the busulfan regimen compared with treosulfan regimen had significantly increased number of side effects (58.3% vs 21.6%, respectively; P < .001). When the busulfan-based regimen by level was evaluated, we observed no significant differences between the frequency of side effects according to drug serum levels. In addition, no significant differences were shown between the 2 regimen groups for cumulative incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. CONCLUSIONS The safety and effectiveness of a treosulfan-based myeloablative conditioning regimen has been confirmed by ourretrospective investigation of pediatric patients with beta thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Aygüneş
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Acibadem Adana Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Meloni A, Barbuto L, Positano V, Pistoia L, Spasiano A, Casini T, Massei F, Argento C, Giovangrossi P, Barone A, Romano L, Cademartiri F. Pattern and clinical correlates of renal iron deposition in adult beta-thalassemia major patients. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3573-3579. [PMID: 37433990 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated pattern and clinical correlates of renal T2* measurements in adult β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients. Ninety β-TM patients (48 females, 38.15 ± 7.94 years), consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia network, underwent T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantification of iron overload (IO) in kidneys, liver, pancreas, and heart. Ten (11.1%) patients showed renal IO (T2* < 31 ms). Global kidney T2* values did not show a correlation with gender, age, splenectomy, regular transfusions or chelation starting age, pre-transfusion hemoglobin, and serum ferritin levels. Global kidney T2* values showed an inverse correlation with MRI liver iron concentration (LIC) values (R = - 0.349; p = 0.001) and a positive correlation with global pancreas T2* values (R = 0.212; p = 0.045). Frequency of renal IO was significantly higher in patients with cardiac IO than in patients without cardiac IO (50.0% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.001). A significant inverse association was detected between global kidneys T2* values and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (R = - 0.529; p < 0.0001). In multivariate regression analysis, MRI LIC and LDH were the strongest predictors of global kidney T2* values. A MRI LIC > 4.83 mg/g dw predicted the presence of renal IO (sensitivity = 90.0%; specificity = 61.2%). Global kidney T2* values were inversely correlated with uric acid (R = - 0.269; p = 0.025). In conclusion, in adult β-TM patients, renal iron deposition is not common and is linked to both hemolysis and total body iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Meloni
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- U.O.C. Bioingegneria, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Barbuto
- U.O.C. Radiologia Generale E Di Pronto Soccorso, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- U.O.C. Bioingegneria, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistoia
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- U.O.S.V.D. Ricerca Clinica, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Spasiano
- U.O.S.D. Malattie Rare del Globulo Rosso, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Casini
- S.O.C. Oncologia, Ematologia e Trapianto di Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Massei
- U.O. Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana - Stabilimento S. Chiara, Pisa, Italy
| | - Crocetta Argento
- Centro Di Talasssemia, Ospedale "San Giovanni Di Dio", Agrigento, Italy
| | - Piera Giovangrossi
- Servizio Di Immunoematologia E Medicina Trasfusionale, Ospedale S. M. Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | - Angelica Barone
- Unità Operativa di Pediatria e Oncoematologia - Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luigia Romano
- U.O.C. Radiologia Generale E Di Pronto Soccorso, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Rilievo Nazionale "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Karakaş H, Eroğlu AG, Akyel NG, Çığ G, Adaletli İ, Özdemir GN, Türkkan E, Celkan TT. Can biomarkers predict myocardial iron overload in children with thalassemia major? Cardiol Young 2023; 33:2203-2208. [PMID: 36606531 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Beta-thalassemia major requires regular blood transfusions throughout life, which in turn leads to iron accumulation in the body. While cardiac T2* MRI is the gold standard in determining cardiac iron accumulation, it is not always feasible, which has led to the search for new biomarkers. Herein, the value of growth differentiation factor-15, galectin-3, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting cardiac iron accumulation is investigated in asymptomatic children with beta-thalassemia major. MATERIALS AND METHOD Forty-one patients aged 11-21 years and 41 age-, gender-, body mass index-matched healthy controls were included. Serum growth differentiation factor-15, galectin-3, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were compared between the patients and controls. Additionally, the relations of these biomarkers with cardiac and liver T2 * MRI were investigated in the patients. RESULTS In the patients, growth differentiation factor-15, galectin-3, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were higher than healthy controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant correlations of growth differentiation factor-15 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels with both cardiac and liver T2 * MRI measurements. While there was no significant correlation of serum galectin-3 with cardiac T2 * MRI measurements, a negative correlation was found with liver T2 * MRI measurements (p = 0.040, rho = -0.325). CONCLUSION All three biomarkers investigated in this study failed to predict myocardial iron accumulation in asymptomatic children with beta-thalassemia major. However, a weak relation between serum galectin-3 level and hepatic iron accumulation was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Karakaş
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Güler Eroğlu
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Gülsüm Akyel
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülnaz Çığ
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Adaletli
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Nihal Özdemir
- İstinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Türkkan
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülin Tiraje Celkan
- İstinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Phannasil P, Sukhuma C, Nauphar D, Nuamsee K, Svasti S. Up-regulation of microRNA 101-3p during erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 103:102781. [PMID: 37478523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective erythropoiesis is the main cause of anemia in β-thalassemia. The crucial hallmark of ineffective erythropoiesis is the high proliferation of erythroblast. microRNA (miR/miRNA) involves several biological processes, including cell proliferation and erythropoiesis. miR-101 was widely studied and associated with proliferation in several types of cancer. However, the miR-101-3p has not been studied in β-thalassemia/HbE. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the expression of miR-101-3p during erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE. The results showed that miR-101-3p was upregulated in the erythroblast of β-thalassemia/HbE patients on day 7, indicating that miR-101-3p may be involved with high proliferation in β-thalassemia/HbE. Therefore, the mRNA targets of miR-101-3p including Rac1, SUB1, TET2, and TRIM44 were investigated to determine the mechanisms involved with high proliferation of β-thalassemia/HbE erythroblasts. Rac1 expression was significantly reduced at day 11 in severe β-thalassemia/HbE compared to normal controls and mild β-thalassemia/HbE. SUB1 gene expression was significantly lower in severe β-thalassemia/HbE compared to normal controls at day 9 of culture. For TET2 and TRIM44 expression, a significant difference was not observed among normal and β-thalassemia/HbE. However, the high expression of miR-101-3p at day 7 and these target genes was not correlated, suggesting that this miRNA may regulate ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE via other target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatchariya Phannasil
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chanyanat Sukhuma
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Donny Nauphar
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon 45132, West-Java, Indonesia
| | - Khanita Nuamsee
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Welhenge C, Ranasinghe R, Rajapakse S, Premawardhena A. Extensive systemic thrombo-embolism including intra-cardiac thrombosis mimicking an atrial myxoma in a patient with beta thalassaemia major - a case report. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:532. [PMID: 37907862 PMCID: PMC10619236 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and thrombo-embolic disease are well known complications of thalassemia major. Intracardiac thrombi are however rare and can lead to diagnostic dilemmas. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 20-year-old female splenectomised thalassaemia major patient with severe iron overload, who presented with life threatening sepsis associated with a liver abscess. Discovery of a large oscillating intra cardiac lesion on 2D echocardiogram confirmed by Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) chest in the right atrium extending from the left hepatic vein through the inferior vena cava complicated the clinical course. After a prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay supported with antibiotics and anticoagulation, she recovered with evidence of resolution of the intra cardiac thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Early recognition and prompt aggressive treatment of sepsis in patients with thalassemia is essential to prevent complications. Intracardiac thrombosis is a potentially treatable cause for an intra cardiac mass in patients with thalassemia major, which should not be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranthi Welhenge
- University Medical Unit, North Colombo (Teaching) Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rumesh Ranasinghe
- University Medical Unit, North Colombo (Teaching) Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Anuja Premawardhena
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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50
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De Sanctis V, Daar S, Soliman AT, Tzoulis P, Yassin M, Kattamis C. The effects of excess weight on glucose homeostasis in young adult females with β-thalassemia major (β-TM): a preliminary retrospective study. Acta Biomed 2023; 94:e2023225. [PMID: 37850764 PMCID: PMC10644933 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i5.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, it is becoming imperative to detect disturbed glucose metabolism as early as possible in order to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. STUDY DESIGN The present retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and sensitivity indices, derived from glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in β -TM female patients who were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and follow its outcome over time. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eleven overweight and 11 females with ideal weight and β -TM, matched for age, were recruited. OGTT was undertaken and different indices for β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were calculated. RESULTS At first evaluation, 7 of 11 overweight β -TM patients (63.6%) and 3 of 11 normal weight β-TM patients (27.2%) had glucose dysregulation (GD) during OGTT. Overweight patients with β-TM had increased HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices associated with decreased Matsuda WBISI index. The mean ± SD duration of follow-up was 4.5 ± 1.2 years. At last observation, 2/11 overweight patients had developed T2D (18.1%). In patients with normal weight, GD increased from 3/11 (27.2%) to 5/11 (45.4%), but none developed T2DM. The difference between SF at first and last observation (1,220 ± 702 vs.1,091 ± 454 ng/mL; P: 0.61) was not significant. CONCLUSION Overweight seems to be an additional risk factor for the development of GD in β-TM patients. This is particularly important in clinical practice, due to the lack of appropriate guidelines dedicated to this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahina Daar
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | | | - Ploutarchos Tzoulis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Whittington Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christos Kattamis
- Τhalassemia Unit, First Department of Paediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527, Greece.
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